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    25 November 2022, Volume 38 Issue 11
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    The Development Strategy of "All-electric Society" and the Opportunities and Challenges of Emerging Mineral Resources under the Background of Carbon Neutrality
    CAO Qiang, ZHANG Fuliang
    2022, 38(11):  1. 
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    Starting from the international background of global "carbon neutrality" and driven by Chi⁃ na's "carbon neutrality" task objectives，this paper analyzes the path advantages and strong momentum of the "all-electric society " strategy in the new round of energy technology revolution，industrial transforma⁃ tion and upgrading，the transformation and upgrading of energy consuming industries in the whole society to clean energy，and the emerging mineral resources become the material basis of the " all-electric society" strategy. Emerging low-carbon industries，such as electric vehicles，new energy batteries，wind power gen⁃ eration，solar power generation，energy storage，will continue to develop，and the demand for emerging mineral resources will increase dramatically，especially the demand for lithium，cobalt，nickel，rare earth and other mineral resources will explode in the future，which is a good opportunity for the development of emerging mineral resources. At the same time，due to the uneven regional distribution of global mineral re⁃ sources，the degree of mining development in various countries is uneven，especially African countries are relatively backward，which greatly affects the stability of the global supply chain of emerging mineral re⁃ sources，and is also one of the great challenges facing emerging mineral resources. In the face of opportuni⁃ ties and challenges，we should attach importance to the exploration and evaluation of emerging mineral re⁃ sources. At the same time，we should implement differentiated management for different emerging miner⁃ als，with preferential policies，unify the international management framework，strengthen technological in⁃ novation in the resource industry，improve the utilization efficiency of mineral resources，and ensure the sustainable development of emerging mineral resources.
    Metallogenic Geological Conditions and Prospecting Direction of Xiali Uranium Deposit in Jiangxi Province
    ZHU Qin
    2022, 38(11):  9. 
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    Xiali Deposit is an important uranium deposit in Central and Western Jiangxi，which oc⁃ curs in the east of Jintan rock mass.On the basis of combing the previous exploration results of the deposit， the metallogenic geological characteristics of the Xiali Deposit is summarized，and the metallogenic geologi⁃ cal conditions of the deposit is analyzed from three aspects of lithologic conditions，structural conditions and hydrothermal alteration conditions.The study results show that the Early Yanshanian medium and finegrained mica granite is the main uranium source of uranium mineralization，and the northwest trending fault and east-west fault provide favorable migration channels and precipitation sites for mineralization，the two hydrothermal activities in the metallogenic period are closely related to uranium mineralization.The purple black fluorite mineralization，rice yellow montmorillonization，hydromica and powdered pyritization formed under the influence of hydrothermal activities are the signs of uranium metallogenic alteration in this area. Based on the above discussion results，taking the altered fracture zone subtype as the main prospecting type，three prospecting directions are defined in the north of No.1 zone of the deposit，the northwest section of xinwuxia fault zone and several uranium ore zones below -200 m elevation，so as to provide reference for the further work in the area.
    Application of Pit Drilling on Resource Verification of Mingshan Gold Mine
    XIAO Hong , TANG Yi'ang
    2022, 38(11):  14. 
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    Mingshan Gold Deposit is a large Carlin-type gold deposit located at the junction of Lingyun County and Fengshan County in Guangxi. In order to verify the rationality of ore body connection， the typical ore block is encrypted by using pit drilling.Through the analysis of drilling quality，it is clear that the degree of stratum breakage and the dip angle of drilling are the main factors affecting the core re⁃ covery rate of drilling in the pit.The verification results show that the overall continuity of the ore body in the typical ore block is good，but the local ore body morphology changes greatly.The grade of ore block de⁃ creased after drilling in the pit，which may be related to the low rate of drilling.Pit drilling has the advantag⁃ es of high efficiency，economy and safety，but its disadvantage is that the core recovery rate of rock (ore) cannot be guaranteed when encountering the structural fracture zone of thick layer and the lack of borehole bending data.The feasibility of this method should be determined according to the mining situation in prac⁃ tice.
    Geological Characteristics and Comprehensive Utilization Prospects of Potassium Feldspar Mine in Guangxi
    LI Zhi
    2022, 38(11):  19. 
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    Potassic feldspar minerals mainly occur in the late Jurassic porphyritic biotite potassic feldspar weathering crust in Shpaichong mining area，Guangxi Province.The protolith structure is clear and the rocks are loose and semi-loose.In order to make rational use of mineral resources in this area，through geological survey and ore property analysis，it is found that the mineral composition is mainly potassium feldspar，followed by plagioclase，and the ore type is weathered granite-type feldspar.The raw ore w（K2O+ Na2O）is 6.62%，and the net ore w（K2O+Na2O）is 10.67% after screening.Therefore，the quality require⁃ ments of ceramic feldspar fine powder for daily use can be met.
    Characteristics and Development Regularity of Geological Disasters in Tongling City
    WANG Lu
    2022, 38(11):  22. 
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    Tongling City is located in the south central part of Anhui Province，is a city along the Yangtze River.Carbonate rocks are developed in the area，with complex geological structures，and geologi⁃ cal disasters such as landslides，collapses，karst collapses are relatively developed.Based on the results of 1: 50 000 geological disaster investigation in Tongling City，the development types and characteristics of geo⁃ logical disasters is discussed in detail，the relationship between geological disasters and factors such as landform，karst and mines is analyzed，besides that，the development regularity of geological disasters is summarized.It can provide reference for the prediction and prevention of geological disasters in Tongling City.
    Detection of Gas-filled Goaf in Open-pit Iron Mine Based on Three-dimensional High-density Electrical Method
    ZHANG Zhongzheng, YAN Di
    2022, 38(11):  27. 
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    Aiming at the technical problems existing in the goaf survey of open-pit metal mine，take⁃ ing a large open-pit iron mine in Anshan-Benxi area as an example，three-dimensional high-density elec⁃ trical detection technique is adopted，multi-azimuths simultaneous data collection is realized by S-type ar⁃ ray pole distribution method，so as to carry out the least square inversion processing with smooth con⁃ straints.And combined with visualization technique，a 3D model of underground space is established to ac⁃ curately detect and study the distribution location and characteristics of underground goaf in open-pit iron mine.The study results show that an air-filled goaf is delineated at a depth of 31 m in a subsidence deforma⁃ tion area of an open-pit iron mine，and the error is less than 3 m compared with the borehole data.It reflects that the 3D high-density electrical detection technology can intuitively display the information such as the buried depth and distribution of underground goaf through the visual 3D model，which can provide a reli⁃ able basis for the safety evaluation and management of goaf.
    Characteristics of Sedimentary Facies and Environmental Constraints of Sedimentary Minerals Since Paleozoic in Bijie Area，Guizhou Province
    XIAO Teng, BAI Ping, PENG Jialin, CHEN Wu
    2022, 38(11):  30. 
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    Bijie area is located in the northwest of Guizhou Province.Since Palaeozoic，the sedimenta⁃ ry facies has been diverse，and the sedimentary environment has experienced many changes of sea and land，and the sedimentary mineral resources are rich. The sedimentary facies system formed by various dep⁃ ositional processes can be divided into carbonate deposits and terrigenous clastic deposits in the area.The former mainly belongs to marine shallow water carbonate deposits，which can be further divided into open platform facies deposits semi-restricted platform facies deposits，restricted platform facies，and gentle slope platform facies deposits.The latter can be further divided into marine deposits，marine and continental tran⁃ sitional deposits and terrigenous deposits.The environmental restriction factors of sedimentary minerals in the area are analyzed.The results show that the sedimentary mineral resources are mainly coal，phospho⁃ rus，aluminum，nickel and molybdenum，shale gas，salt minerals and so on in the area，and their forma⁃ tion is restricted by the sedimentary environment.The marsh environment controlled the formation of coal and shale gas reservoirs in the Late Permian.The formation of phosphorite deposits was restricted by the gentle slope platform environment in early Early Cambrian.Early Carboniferous bauxite was formed in river and lack environment.The formation of salt minerals in middle and late Cambrian and Early and Middle Tri⁃ assic was controlled by the sabha environment on the limited platform under hot and arid climate conditions. The formation of nickel and molybdenum deposits and shale gas reservoirs was related to the deep water shelf of anoxic reduction in the early Early Cambrian.
    Application of UAV Tilt Photography Technology in 3D Modeling of an Open-pit Mine
    ZHANG Jun, ZHOU Rui, TANG Wantang
    2022, 38(11):  35. 
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    The unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) tilt photography technology is a cutting-edge mine surveying technology，which is currently in a rapid development stage. Through the analysis and research on the development background，system composition，technical principle and technical characteristics of UAV tilt photography technology，it is considered that compared with the traditional total station surveying and mapping technology，UAV tilt photography technology has the advantages of authenticity，high efficien⁃ cy，flexibility and emergency response. An open-pit mine of Conch Cement adopts UAV tilt photography technology，which not only realizes the establishment of 3D model and meets the requirements of conven⁃ tional surveying and mapping technology of the mine，but also integrates the aerial photography model into the 3D visual management and control platform of the mine，builds the intelligent decision support system of the mine，and realizes the realistic production and operation scene，which is of great significance for pro⁃ moting the digital construction of open-pit mines.
    Optimization of Centralized Transportation Scheme for a Gold-copper Mine in High-altitude Sensitive Environment
    TAN Zhuo , REN Weidong
    2022, 38(11):  39. 
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    A gold-copper mine in Xinjiang is located in a high-altitude mining area. In order to pro⁃ tect the surface environment to the maximum extent，the most reasonable centralized transportation and ex⁃ port surface scheme is required. In combination with the development system，three schemes for ore con⁃ centration out of the surface are proposed，namely，belt transport scheme（Scheme I），underground truck transport scheme（Scheme II）and unmanned electric locomotive transport scheme（Scheme III），and are compared and analyzed from the aspects of process flow，project investment，operation cost，surface eco⁃ logical environment protection，underground environment，etc. The results show that the belt transportation scheme has the advantages of good production connection，short process flow，less land occupation，less surface environmental damage，low overall operating cost，and effectively solves the problem of ore freez⁃ ing in winter，which is the optimal centralized transportation scheme. The optimized scheme provides guid⁃ ance for the development and transportation of environmentally sensitive high altitude mines.
    Application Practice of Ore Grade Control in Mirador Copper Mine
    ZHOU Sheng, ZHU Gang, HU Qingxiong, TAN Kaixin, YANG Shengwen
    2022, 38(11):  43. 
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    Mirador Copper Mine is a large porphyry copper mine being developed in Ecuador，with more than 4 million tons of copper resources. How to ensure the full utilization of mineral resources is an important topic affecting the economic benefits and sustainable development of the mine. The ore grade con⁃ trol process and application mechanism are described. Through standardized sampling and laboratory analy⁃ sis，professional mining software is used to build an accurate bench ore body entity model，and the bench mining model is dynamically updated and managed. The ore loss and dilution rate is effectively controlled， which also provides an accurate geological basis for the preparation of short-term production plans.
    Application of Pre-splitting Blasting in High and Steep Slope Mining in Sijiaying
    WANG Jiansheng, ZHOU Meng, LI Xiaolong, HUANG Hanbo, DIAO Pengfei, LENG Bo
    2022, 38(11):  49. 
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    The west slope of Sijiaying Mine is high and steep，and it is close to the residential area， so the blasting effect is highly required. The pre-splitting blasting technology is adopted，the large diame⁃ ter down the hole drill is used for drilling，the large diameter latex explosive is selected for charging，the digital electronic detonator is connected to the network，and the blasting effect of reducing particle vibra⁃ tion velocity and block rate is realized by using the blasting shock wave and the ultimate strength character⁃ istics of rock，which effectively ensures the stability of production and the safety of residents in the mining area.
    Analysis of the Influence of Underground Mining on Surface Displacement in Zoulou Iron Mine
    CAO Shuai, YANG Jiamian, GUO Zhenpeng,
    2022, 38(11):  52. 
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    Zoulou iron ore deposit is divided into Zoulou deposit, Chenlou deposit and North Chenlou⁃ bei deposit from south to north. The three deposits are planned to be mined by point pillar upward slicing and filling method. In order to study the influence of the mining method on the surface structures, the under⁃ ground mining model of the mine is simplified, the three-dimensional numerical calculation is carried out, the ore body mining filling process is simulated with FLAC3D software, the reasonable mining method simu⁃ lation scheme is established, and the mining unloading is carried out. Because the same mining method will have different effects on the surface when mining the three deposits, the surrounding rock displacement of each stope of the three deposits needs to be analyzed in detail. The results show that the maximum displace⁃ ment of the stope roof of North Chenlou deposit is 97 cm, and the influence on the surface decreases with the increase of the depth. The maximum displacement of the roof of the Chenlou deposit is 13 cm, and the mining of the two shallow ore bodies has a great impact on the surface subsidence. The maximum displace⁃ ment of the roof of Zoulou deposit is 39 cm, and the central thick and large ore body has a wide range of in⁃ fluence, which is the main influencing factor of roof displacement.
    Study on Combined Mining Scheme of Large Stope in the North of 60# Line of Dongguashan Copper Mine
    XIE Jingpeng, MENG wenquan, ZHENG Gongguan, WANG Linghui, PAN Min
    2022, 38(11):  56. 
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    In the sequence of "three mining and one stope"，the two-step caving stope with safe，effi⁃ cient should be combined with the one-step stope in the middle.Taking the large stope in north of 60# line of Dongguashan Copper Mine as an example，combined with the caving characteristics of one-step goaf，a joint stoping scheme of 3 or 2 stopes is proposed.Through numerical simulation，it is verified that the joint stoping of 3 stopes has great influence on the stability of isolated pillars，and safety measures should be tak⁃ en to protect isolated pillars.The goaf stability is better when two stopes are combined.Through the industri⁃ al test，the three stopes and the joint stope scheme of two stopes have achieved good application results.
    Coal Pillar Width and Roadway Section Design of Gob-side Entry in Hecaogou Coal Mine
    ZHAO Jianbing
    2022, 38(11):  59. 
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    The gob-side entry driving with small coal pillars can improve the coal recovery rate and reduce the influence of lateral abutment pressure on the groove. The limit equilibrium theory and FLAC3D numerical simulation are used to calculate the gob-side entry driving to obtain better coal pillar size. The results show that when the width of the small coal pillar is 6~10 m，the roadway along the goaf is in the stress reduction zone at the boundary of the goaf，there is an elastic stable zone in the coal pillar，and the zero displacement zone is relatively large，and the deformation of the surrounding rock of the roadway is small. So choose 10 m as the final implementation width. Considering the particularity of construction tech⁃ nology，roof management，support requirements and the actual situation that the integrity of surrounding rock may be large，the roadway along the goaf is designed as a rounded rectangular section with better sta⁃ bility，and the bolt+anchor cable support scheme is adopted. The application effect of coal pillar size and roadway support scheme in Hecaogou Coal Mine is good，which provides reference for this mine and simi⁃ lar mines.
    Study and Practice on the Optimization of Underground Mining Blasting Design in Xingshan Iron Mine
    CHEN Jianhua , LI Yuexi , WANG Yong , SHI Hongwei, DONG Xu
    2022, 38(11):  63. 
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    In view of the problems such as high single consumption of explosive driven by extended drill pipe，poor design applicability of non-detonating cord in smooth blasting，and delayed design of elec⁃ tronic detonator cutting slot that cannot meet the requirements of penetration in Xingshan Iron Mine，com⁃ bined with actual production requirements，the experiments of reducing the explosive consumption of drill⁃ ing pipe，optimizing the design of non-detonating cable for peripheral holes by regions，and optimizing the delay time of electronic detonator for cutting slot holes were carried out respectively.By selecting reasonable technical parameters，the blasting design scheme is optimized，the blasting quality of underground mining is improved，and the overall blasting technical level of the mine is improved.
    Numerical Analysis and Scheme Optimization of the Support of Carbonaceous Slate Roadway in a Polymetallic Mine
    WANG Shaolin
    2022, 38(11):  66. 
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    In the mining process of metal mines, roadway support is the key construction link to en⁃ sure the stability of the roadway. However, there are many kinds of existing roadway construction technolo⁃ gies, and it is difficult to unify the roadway support standards with different surrounding rock quality. In or⁃ der to explore standard design scheme of the roadway, taking a polymetallic mine as the engineering back⁃ ground, in view of the rock mass quality conditions of the carbonaceous slate roadway, the RS2 software was used to analyze the distribution characteristics of the stress and displacement of the roadway surrounding rock under different support conditions, and the standardized scheme of roadway support was optimized in combination with the engineering practice. The results show that different types of support design have dif⁃ ferent effects on the stress and displacement of the surrounding rock in different areas of the roadway, and reasonable support methods should be designed based on different rock mass quality conditions to achieve unified management of different supports. The research results can provide reference for mine roadway sup⁃ port design.
    Optimization of Foundation Pit Reinforcement Scheme of Crushing Station in a Mine
    LI Tian, LI Ximing
    2022, 38(11):  72. 
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    Automobile-belt conveyor joint development system is generally used in large open-pit mines. As the connecting node, the crushing station affects the overall economic benefits of the joint devel⁃ opment system. In addition, the crushing station is the front end of the belt transportation, and the construc⁃ tion progress directly affects the construction period of the belt system. Combined with the design, construc⁃ tion and production practice of the foundation pit of the crushing station in a mine, through the investiga⁃ tion, calculation and analysis of the crushing station and the response to dangerous situations, the dynamic design of the three side slopes in the southeast and west of the crushing station is carried out, different rein⁃ forcement measures are selected for combination, and the advantages and disadvantages of each design scheme in terms of progress, economy and safety are compared to determine the optimal scheme. The con⁃ struction process is guided by the engineering monitoring, groundwater control measures, and the local de⁃ sign is dynamically adjusted in real time. The project construction is well completed within the agreed con⁃ struction period, with good reinforcement effect, saving construction investment, which is well received by the owner. The design shall be appropriately changed according to the site changes, so as to continuously improve the design reliability, prejudge the changes occurring in the construction process, and put forward reasonable treatment suggestions.
    Comprehensive Analysis of Slope Stability of a Waste Dump in an Iron Mine
    YANG Zaihua , CAI Guanfei
    2022, 38(11):  78. 
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    The stability of the waste dump is very important to the safety production of the mine. Based on the investigation and analysis of the slope stability of a domestic iron mine waste dump，the slope stability of the waste dump is comprehensively evaluated from a qualitative and quantitative perspective through on-site engineering geological investigation and numerical simulation analysis. The field engineer⁃ ing geological survey made a qualitative judgment on the structural stability and failure mode of the slope based on the detailed analysis of the structural characteristics of the rock mass through the field survey. It was concluded that the combination of structural planes was good，no fracture or fold structure was found， and the structural plane of the slope rock mass was a hard structural plane. The numerical simulation analy⁃ sis uses Slide numerical simulation and FLAC3D numerical simulation to verify each other. The Slide numer⁃ ical simulation uses the limit equilibrium method for stability analysis，and FLAC3D uses the strength reduc⁃ tion method for stability analysis. The two numerical simulation methods both obtain that the slope stability coefficient is higher than the slope safety coefficient，and the probability of overall sliding failure of the slope is small. According to the field structural plane investigation and analysis and numerical simulation results，it is concluded that the waste dump slope is in a stable state. The comprehensive analysis method provides reference for the stability analysis of other iron mine waste dump slopes.
    Study on the Influence of Multi Faults on the Stability of High and Steep Slope in Open-pit Mines
    YUAN Feihu, ZHU Xianfeng, CHEN Dejun, XIANG Xiaodong, LI Wei
    2022, 38(11):  82. 
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    In order to study the combined influence of multiple faults on the stability of the high and steep slope of the open-pit mines, the surface point cloud data was collected by UAV, the fault distribution data was collected by field exploration, and the displacement and plastic zone distribution of the slope un⁃ der several construction conditions were simulated by FLAC3D. The stability of the high and steep slope un⁃ der the joint influence of four faults in Tangya Limestone Mine was analyzed. The stability of Tangya Lime⁃ stone Mine under the joint action of multiple faults is revealed based on the current fault development state and the characteristics of slope instability and failure under the condition of subsequent deep extension min⁃ ing. The results show that: ① The slope failure is mainly concentrated near the fault, and the influence range of the fault on the slope increases with the increase of fault concentration. ② The mechanical cause of slope failure is that faults cut the rock mass, resulting in discontinuous stress transmission between the rock masses, resulting in relative slip and compression failure. ③ The influence of faults on the slope stabil⁃ ity during subsequent deep mining has little change. The maximum displacement of the slope has only in⁃ creased from 50.7 mm to 52.2 mm, and the plastic zone has never been penetrated.
    Study on Characteristics of Ceramic Ball Milling of Magnetite Two-stage Grinding
    WANG Xiaoyu, LI Zhichao, YUAN Chengfang, YU Chao, CHENG Jun, WU Caibin, LIU Jun
    2022, 38(11):  89. 
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    In order to improve the particle size composition of grinding products in Luohe Concentra⁃ tor of Masteel，the grinding characteristics comparison test and magnetic separation verification test of steel balls and nano-ceramic balls were carried out for the second stage grinding products of the concentrator in view of the serious overgrinding of grinding products. The test results show that under the same open circuit grinding conditions，the qualified particle size of ceramic ball mill products is 3.74 percentage points high⁃ er than that of steel ball mill products，with an increase range of 4.21%. The over-abrasive level decreased by 5.64 percentage points，or decrease range of 81.27%. The qualified fraction yield of ceramic ball milled products is 7.32 percentage points higher than that of steel balls，which increases the concentrate grade by 0.13 percentage points and the recovery rate increased by 4.12 percentage points. As a new ball milling me⁃ dium，ceramic ball can effectively improve the particle size distribution characteristics of grinding products and has broad application prospects.
    Study on the Process Flow of Comprehensive Utilization of Iron Tailings with Anhydrite
    HE Xiaowen, WU Xinyi
    2022, 38(11):  95. 
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    In order to comprehensively utilize the tailings resources of iron mine，aiming at the prob⁃ lem that the tailings with low silicon，high iron and high gypsum content in Luohe Iron Mine should not be directly used as fine aggregate in building materials，through the analysis of the physical and chemical characteristics of tailings，and according to the building materials industry standard，the technology re⁃ search and exploration test of using gypsum iron tailings as the main raw material to extend and process gyp⁃ sum based dry powder mortar were carried out. The complete process technology of tailings-pipeline trans⁃ portation-ceramic filtration dehydration-heat drying-anhydrite medium temperature flash burning and red ore magnetization roasting integration-high pressure roller mill grinding-mixing-sedimentation-intelligent packaging was obtained. The gypsum based dry powder mortar sample produced by semi-industrial test has passed the test and identification of building materials industry，and can recover high quality magnetite concentrate with yield of 8.57% from tailings. The market capacity of gypsum-based ecological building ma⁃ terials prepared by gypsum-phase iron tailings is huge，and the comprehensive utilization of mine solid waste has broad prospects.
    Beneficiation Practice of Mirador Copper Mine Concentrator
    LI Shinan, LI Dong, DAI Xianren, LIN Xiaofeng
    2022, 38(11):  99. 
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    In order to improve the production efficiency of Mirador Copper Mine，aiming at the prob⁃ lems of low grade and recovery rate of copper concentrate and large fluctuation of beneficiation index， based on the study of process mineralogy，the optimization test of reagent system，ball mill and flotation col⁃ umn parameters of beneficiation equipment was carried out.The results show that copper minerals are recov⁃ ered by copper-sulfur bulk flotation，rough concentrate regrinding and reconcentration process，with xan⁃ thate and Z-200 as collectors，F-501 and IBC as foaming agents. When the filling rate of ball mill is 26%， the grinding fineness is -0.045 mm 90.0%，the aeration volume of flotation column is 160~190 m3/h，and the leaching water volume is 50 m3/h，the copper concentrate with copper grade of 27% and copper recovery rate of more than 90% can be obtained，which achieves better beneficiation index and provides technical ba⁃ sis for the production of the concentrator.
    Experimental Study on Beneficiation of an Iron Ore from Hebei Province
    TIAN Yian, YU Xi, CHEN Zhou
    2022, 38(11):  104. 
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    In order to rationally develop and utilize an iron ore in Hebei，the beneficiation process test was carried out on the basis of ore properties. The results show that the iron concentrate with iron grade of 65.67%，sulfur content of 0.51%，iron recovery of 83.95% and magnetic iron recovery of 96.09% can be obtained by dry magnetic separation preconcentration（50~0 mm）-wet magnetic separation preconcentra⁃ tion（12~0 mm）-grinding（-0.076 mm55%）-low intensity magnetic separation process. The iron concen⁃ trate is semi-self-fluxing iron concentrate powder. The iron concentrate is desulfurized by flotation，and the sulfur in the iron concentrate can be reduced to 0.23%. By increasing the grinding fineness to -0.076 mm75%，the iron concentrate with iron grade of 68.50%，sulfur content of 0.43% and iron recovery of 82.86% can be obtained by low intensity magnetic separation. It shows that increasing the grinding fineness and increasing the flotation operation can reduce the sulfur content in the iron concentrate and improve the iron concentrate grade.
    Study on Process Mineralogy of a Polymetallic Sulfide Ore in Qinghai
    PENG Guixiong, HUANGFU Mingzhu, GONG Minghui ZHANG Fajun, ZHANG Huiting, FENG Yuanyuan
    2022, 38(11):  108. 
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    In order to efficiently and comprehensively utilize a complex polymetallic sulfide ore in Qinghai，find out its ore properties and formulate a reasonable beneficiation process，the process mineralo⁃ gy of the ore was studied. The results show that the lead and zinc in the ore are mainly sulfide. The distribu⁃ tion rate of lead in sulfide is 95.78%，and the distribution rate of zinc in sulfide is 92.37%. The galena in the ore is mostly irregularly distributed in blocks，and the particle size distribution is uneven. The dissemi⁃ nated particle size is finer than that of marmatite. The content of -0.074 mm particle size accounts for 96.95%，and the content of -0.038 mm particle size accounts for 62.82%. The marmatite is mostly granu⁃ lar，and the particle size distribution is relatively uniform. The average particle size is 0.062 mm，of which the content of marmatite -0.074 mm is 67.68%，and the content of-0.038 mm is 39.95%. The useful miner⁃ als in ore are mainly sulfides，which are easy to recover.
    Study on Process Mineralogy of a Coastal Zirconium-Titanium Placer in Mozambique
    LI Ning , YAO Jianjun
    2022, 38(11):  114. 
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    In order to promote the industrial test of a coastal zircon-titanium placer in Mozambique， the process mineralogy of chemical composition，particle size composition and beneficiation process charac⁃ teristics of valuable minerals were studied. The results show that there are many kinds of valuable minerals in the ore sand，mainly includ ilmenite，zircon，rutile，iron-bearing rutile and monazite. Due to the vari⁃ ety of valuable minerals and complex physical properties，it is difficult to separate them. The particle size of sand in the ore sand is mainly 0.10~0.50 mm，and the particle size of valuable minerals is mainly -0.30 mm，which is finely distributed，with uniform particle size and narrow particle size range. The valuable minerals in the ore sand have good natural dissociation，and the target minerals such as ilmenite，white ti⁃ tanium，rutile，zircon，and monazite are basically single particles，which can be separated without grind⁃ ing.
    Experimental Study on Iron Separation of a Copper Smelting Tailings
    YUAN Fengxiang
    2022, 38(11):  117. 
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    In order to efficiently recycle the valuable element iron in a copper smelting slag with iron grade of 45.20% and magnetic iron content of 32.40%, reduce environmental pollution and improve re⁃ source utilization, based on the study of the properties of the copper smelting slag, the conditions of differ⁃ ent grinding fineness and low intensity magnetic separation process parameters were tested, and the optimal process parameters were determined. The test results show that under the optimal process conditions, an iron concentrate with iron grade of 56.50% and iron recovery of 64.52% can be obtained by using a pre-se⁃ lection tailings discarding-grinding (-0.045 mm 95%) -single low intensity magnetic separation process. The recovery and utilization of the copper smelting tailings are realized, and the economic and environmen⁃ tal benefits are remarkable.
    Experimental Study on Beneficiation of an Oxysulfide Mixed Lead-Zinc Ore
    DENG Pan
    2022, 38(11):  120. 
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    In order to efficiently recover a refractory lead-zinc oxide ore from Sichuan，aiming at the problems of high mud content，high oxidation rate，iron oxide mineral seriously impregnated with leadzinc ore，brittle dolomite and high calcite content，under the conditions of lead content of 3.18%，zinc con⁃ tent of 5.49%，lead oxidation rate of 38.36% and zinc oxidation rate of 73.95%，the technological process of first selecting sulfide and oxide lead minerals，then selecting zinc sulfide minerals and finally selecting zinc oxide minerals was adopted. Good beneficiation indexes of lead concentrate with lead grade of 45.36% and lead recovery rate of 85.33%，zinc concentrate with total zinc grade of 40.42% and total recovery rate of 86.28% were obtained.
    Study on Process Mineralogy of an Iron Ore
    SUN Deming, WANG Shuai
    2022, 38(11):  124. 
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    In order to verify the washability of deep ore in an iron mine and provide guidance for pro⁃ duction, the chemical composition, mineral content and ore structure of the ore were studied by chemical multi-element analysis, iron phase analysis, scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy. The re⁃ sults show that the main metal mineral in the iron ore is magnetite, followed by hematite and siderite, with a total iron grade of 37.82%. The main gangue minerals are calcite, quartz and feldspar. The ore mainly pres⁃ ents massive, porphyritic and disseminated structures. The ore structure is mainly granular structure, por⁃ phyritic structure and metasomatic residual structure. The distribution rates of the main useful minerals magnetite, hematite and siderite at -0.07 mm are 49.80%, 57.89% and 43.99%, respectively. The distribu⁃ tion rates of the main gangue minerals calcite, quartz and feldspar in -0.07 mm are 40.76%, 69.07% and 63.34%, respectively. Based on the study of process mineralogy of the ore, it is suggested to adopt the pro⁃ cess of classification-pre-selection-grinding-sulphur flotation-low intensity magnetic separation-medium magnetic separation-high intensity magnetic separation-flotation.
    Analysis of Influencing Factors on Reverse Flotation of Mixed Magnetic Concentrate in Qidashan Concentrator
    FU Guohui, NIU Zhanliang, XU Junfeng, LI Gang, SONG Changchun, WANG Ziyang, HOU Ying
    2022, 38(11):  129. 
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    In order to improve the economic benefits of Qidashan Concentrator，the flotation process was investigated to solve the problem of high grade of flotation tailings in the reverse flotation process of mixed magnetic concentrate. The effects of flotation machine structure，ore feeding properties，operating conditions and production management on the flotation process were studied. The research results show that the large-scale flotation machine is conducive to reducing costs and improving the level of automation. The working parameters of flotation machine，such as air volume，liquid level and reagent system，ore feeding property parameters，such as feed concentration，feed particle size and daily production management，will all significantly affect the flotation effect. The control direction of each influencing factor in the reverse flo⁃ tation process of mixed magnetic separation concentrate in the future is obtained. It is clearly proposed that automation technologies such as intelligent control of flotation tank liquid level，intelligent perception tech⁃ nology of flotation concentrate grade and intelligent control of flotation reagent addition still need to be strengthened and promoted in practical application.
    Application and Development Trend of New Mineral Processing Technologys in Ultra-lean Magnetite
    YUAN Rencai
    2022, 38(11):  133. 
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    In order to reduce the external dependence of China's iron ore and ensure stable supply， aiming at how to make full use of domestic ultra-lean magnetite resources，the characteristics and applica⁃ tion status of new beneficiation technologies for ultra-lean magnetite in China in recent years are studied and summarized，and the development trend of beneficiation technology for ultra-lean magnetite is dis⁃ cussed. It is concluded that the old concentrator is suitable for the transformation of three-stage closed-cir⁃ cuit crushing + dry pre-concentration + high pressure roller mill closed-circuit ultra-fine crushing + dry and wet re-concentration processes. The new concentrator should further promote the application of new equipment such as high pressure roller mill，fine-grained dry separation and dry screening equipment， and stirring mill. The stope should establish a centralized crushing and dry separation center，and the open-pit stope should carry out ecological restoration in time，which provide a reference for the domestic new construction and reconstruction of similar ultra-lean magnetite concentrator.
    Study on Gravity-flotation Combined Separation Process and Industrial Test of Spodumene Ore in Lijiagou，Sichuan
    LI Wenping, ZHAO Lei, BAO Yi, DAI Gangyong, FENG Xingshou
    2022, 38(11):  137. 
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    In order to improve the recovery rate of spodumene in Lijiagou，Sichuan，a single flotation test and a small test of gravity-floating combined separation process were carried out on the ore through the study of ore properties. The test results show that good technical indexes of spodumene beneficiation can be obtained by gravity-flotation combined process. The heavy medium beneficiation test was carried out on the 0.5~8.0 mm products of the ore in the on-site heavy flotation industrial test. The tailings yield was 35.76%，the tailings Li2O grade was 0.36%，the concentrate yield was 11.57%，the concentrate Li2O grade was 5.62%，the recovery rate was 50.56%，the medium mineral yield was 52.67%，and the medium ore Li2O grade was 1.19%. The ore into the grinding flotation operation，concentrate and tailings as a direct product treatment，can reduce 36% of the ore into the grinding flotation operation，reduce the power load， steel ball consumption and reagent consumption，greatly reducing the production cost.
    Study on Flotation Process of a Fine Disseminated Lead-zinc Ore in Shaanxi
    WANG Huian, WEI Yaru
    2022, 38(11):  141. 
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    In order to improve the resource utilization rate of a lead-zinc mine in Shaanxi Province， multi-element analysis，mineral technology research and flotation process parameter optimization test were carried out for the characteristics of complex mutual embedding relationship and fine particle size. The re⁃ sults show that the sphalerite in the ore is closely paragenesis with galena and pyrrhotite，which affects the quality of zinc concentrate. When the grinding fineness is -0.074 mm80%，Na2SO3+ZnSO4 is used to inhib⁃ it zinc，sulfur nitrogen nine + ethyl xanthate is used as collector to select lead，copper sulfate is used to ac⁃ tivate zinc，and butyl xanthate collector is used to select zinc. The closed-circuit test can obtain excellent indexes of lead concentrate grade of 58.94%，recovery rate of 91.21%，zinc concentrate grade of 50.20%， recovery rate of 94.43%.
    Experimental Study on Cyanide Removal from Cyanide Tailings at Low Temperature
    CHENG Weifeng, ZHAI Jubin, LAN Xinhui , CUI Chonglong, LI Jiawei
    2022, 38(11):  144. 
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    In order to fully reduce the environmental risk caused by the utilization of cyanide tailings as backfill aggregate after pyrolysis，aiming at the harmless problem of cyanide tailings under medium and low temperature conditions，the pyrolysis of cyanide tailings at medium and low temperature was studied by using rotary furnace. The results showed that under the conditions of pyrolysis temperature 350 ℃，and py⁃ rolysis time 5.0 h，the removal rates of total cyanide and easily released cyanide were the highest，reaching 99.21% and 98.39%，respectively，and the easily released cyanide was the lowest，reaching 0.004 mg/L; considering the control of operation cost in actual operation，it is suggested that the pyrolysis time should be controlled at about 1.0 h and the pyrolysis temperature at 350 ℃，which can also obtain better cyanide breaking effect. In addition，except under the pyrolysis condition of 250 ℃ and 0.5 h，the cyanide concen⁃ tration in the toxic leaching solution of cyanide residue is not up to the standard，the toxic leaching indexes of cyanide residue under the other pyrolysis conditions all meet the pollution control requirements of back⁃ fill aggregate.
    Mineralogical Characteristics of Epithermal Hydrothermal Type Gold Deposit in Ciemas，Indone⁃ sia
    ZONG Qingxin, HU Jiakun, WU Wei, XIAO Jingshan
    2022, 38(11):  148. 
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    mineralogy，epithermal hydrothermal，Ciemas gold deposit，Indonesia
    Experiment on Optimization of Magnetite Separation Process in Baixiangshan Concentrator Plant
    SHEN Bin, WANG Ronglin, LU Hu , FENG Jian , YANG Songfu, CHEN Xin
    2022, 38(11):  154. 
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    In order to reduce the grade of tailings and improve the metal recovery rate，Baixiangshan Concentrator of Masteel Gushan Mine carried out the research on 30~0 mm raw ore by dry discarding and high-efficiency magnetic separation on fine-grained magnetite. The test results show that for 30~0 mm raw ore with magnetic pulley one magnetic separation or one roughing one scavenging dry separation，when the discarding rate of the two processes are close to each other，compared with one magnetic separation，the iron grade of tailings thrown out by one roughing one scavenging process is 0.33 percentage points lower， and the magnetic iron content is 0.26 percentage points lower. The effect of one roughing one scavenging waste is obviously better than that of one magnetic separation. Compared with low-intensity magnetic sepa⁃ ration，the grade of high-efficiency magnetic separation concentrate increased by 0.71 percentage points， the grade of magnetic iron increased by one percentage point，the recovery rate of magnetic iron increased by 0.70 percentage points，and the grade of magnetic iron in tailings decreased by 1.60 percentage points. Compared with the low-intensity magnetic separation，the iron grade of the two high-efficiency magnetic separation concentrate increased by 1.10 percentage points，the magnetic iron recovery rate increased by 0.11 percentage points，and the magnetic iron content in the tailings decreased by 0.85 percentage points. The separation index of high efficiency magnetic separation is obviously better than that of ordinary magnet⁃ ic separator.
    Experimental Study on Flotation of Copper Ore in Maweishan Cu-Zn-Pb-Ag-S Polymetallic Ore
    BAO Lei, HU Wei, SUN Rui
    2022, 38(11):  158. 
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    In order to improve the comprehensive utilization rate of copper-zinc-lead-silver-sulfur polymetallic ore in Maweishan, the copper preferential flotation process was studied in view of the problems that the size of useful minerals in the ore is uneven and the monomer dissociation is different, which leads to the unfavorable recovery of mineral processing. The test results show that when the grinding fineness is -0.074 mm 75%, the dosage of collector LP-01 is 35 g/t, the dosage of combined inhibitor ZnSO4+Na2SO3 is 600 g/t, and the pulp pH value is 8.0, the copper concentrate with copper grade of 14.69% and copper re⁃ covery of 31.83% is obtained after three times of cleaning. The copper-lead concentrate with copper grade of 8.02% and copper recovery of 40.86% can be obtained in the whole process closed-circuit test, which improves the copper recovery and realizes the comprehensive and efficient recovery of copper.
    Experimental Study on Grinding and Separation of Copper-sulfur Mixed Concentrate with Tower Mill in a Concentrator
    WANG Fei , WANG Junhao, LIN Yuanyuan
    2022, 38(11):  162. 
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    In order to save energy, reduce consumption and improve copper recovery rate in a concen⁃ trator, aiming at the problems of high steel consumption and unsatisfactory grinding effect of ball mill in the regrinding section of copper-sulfur mixed concentrate, a comparative experimental study on the regrinding of copper-sulfur mixed concentrate was carried out by laboratory tower mill grinding, ceramic ball and steel ball as grinding medium. The results show that the combination of tower mill and ceramic ball can greatly reduce the energy consumption and the cost of grinding medium, improve the copper recovery rate, enhance the separation effect of copper and sulfur, improve the production efficiency of the concentrator, reduce the cost and improve the quality, and the economic benefit is remarkable.
    Application of New Ceramic Grinding Medium in TGTM-250 Tower Mill
    WANG Peiyong, BAO Zhiwei, ZHOU Honglin, YANG Shuchun
    2022, 38(11):  166. 
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    In order to solve the influence of too many coarse particle size of ball mill grinding on flota⁃ tion in production，and at the same time increase the processing capacity of the concentrator，Liulou Cop⁃ per-Iron Mine Dressing Plant carried out the technical transformation and changed one-stage ball mill into two-stage grinding. Through demonstration，analysis and comparison，the method of tower mill + new ce⁃ ramic grinding medium is used as the second stage grinding. Compared with ball milling to the same grind⁃ ing fineness，it not only reduces the grinding cost，but also greatly improves the flotation and magnetic sep⁃ aration indexes. The recovery rate of copper flotation is increased by two percentage points，and the grade of iron concentrate is increased by about one percentage point. It not only makes efficient use of ore resourc⁃ es，but also has remarkable economic benefits.
    Application of Flotation Expert System in 160 m3 Flotation Process in Dashan Beneficiation Plant
    FU Qiang
    2022, 38(11):  170. 
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    The 160 m3 flotation process in Dashan Concentrator of Dexing Copper Mine has feeding frequent disturbances. The key variables such as flotation tank liquid level, aeration amount and flotation re⁃ agent addition amount are mainly regulated according to the subjective understanding of the operator on the on-site foam state. In order to improve production efficiency, stabilize mineral flotation index, save resourc⁃ es and labor costs, the industrial application of flotation intelligent control system is studied. A rule-based flotation expert system was introduced by installing a foam image analyzer at the key points of the 160 m3 flotation process. After the application of flotation expert system, the stability of 160 m3 flotation production process has been improved, and the fluctuation of copper rough concentrate grade has been significantly re⁃ duced.
    Fault Analysis and Treatment Measures of Large Double Layer Linear Vibrating Screen in the Process
    TANG Jianlong
    2022, 38(11):  174. 
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    In order to ensure the normal production of the grinding and separation system in the con⁃ centrator and reduce the maintenance cost and labor cost, in view of the high failure rate of spring and excit⁃ er, the cracking of beam and sieve plate and other typical faults encountered in the use of large double-lay⁃ er vibrating screen in the beneficiation process of Makeng Mining, the stress, damage mechanism and com⁃ mon fault caused by spring, exciter and sieve plate were studied. The research results show that the spring and exciter are overloaded. It is proposed to ensure the feeding balance through the chute transformation, improve the screening efficiency to reduce the excitation force appropriately, and improve the lubrication ef⁃ fect through the cooling transformation of the exciter while strengthening the point inspection management and other treatment measures, so that the use effect of the vibrating screen has been significantly improved.
    Design of Energy Recovery and Utilization System for Electric Wheel Truck Based on Lithium Titanate Battery
    HE Zhichao
    2022, 38(11):  178. 
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    The large electric wheel truck has a large loading mass and contains a lot of potential ener⁃ gy and kinetic energy. When the vehicle brakes downhill，this part of energy is consumed in the form of heat energy on the brake resistor grid. The field actual measurement shows that this part of energy accounts for about 25% of the total energy consumption. Therefore，the recovery and utilization of brake energy has great economic value. According to the characteristics of the electric drive system of large electric wheel trucks，in order to efficiently recover and utilize the braking energy，a scheme of adding bidirectional DC/ DC and lithium titanate batteries to the main circuit is proposed. Through the energy coordinated control strategy based on power following and bus voltage regulation of the vehicle control system，the generator and battery pack are used as the main energy sources to follow the target demand power of the vehicle dur⁃ ing the energy control process. The DC bus voltage is adjusted by the generator set and high-power DC/ DC，so that the vehicle can automatically adjust the appropriate bus voltage according to the driving condi⁃ tions. This control scheme ensures that the vehicle has sufficient driving power，while realizing the recov⁃ ery and utilization of vehicle braking energy，reducing the fuel consumption of the engine，and improving the reliability of the vehicle braking system.
    Application and Optimization of Banana Sieve in an Iron Concentrator
    ZHANG Jiajia
    2022, 38(11):  183. 
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    In order to further improve the grinding grade and processing capacity of an iron ore dress⁃ ing plant, a wet pre-selection system was added to the primary ore process before grinding. In view of the failure of the LKBB-3673 single-layer banana screen selected for the dry screening part before pre-selec⁃ tion in the actual production of the dressing plant, the transformation of the main drive shaft bearing seat of the transmission device, the maintenance of the box exciter and the improvement of equipment spot inspec⁃ tion, lubrication, maintenance and other research were carried out. After the transformation, the operating life of the bearing seat and bearing is extended by 8 months, and the annual cost can be saved by 47 900 yu⁃ an. The labor intensity and maintenance cost of the workers are greatly reduced. This type of banana screen meets the requirements of the dry screen part before the wet pre-concentration of the concentrator, and the overall operation is stable.
    Design and Development of Homogenizing Board for Powder Silo
    YU Xiaolin, ZHOU Jianxing , LI Weiming, YIN Hailin, WANG Yang , WANG Zhen, LIU Lifeng, LI Jingtao , JIANG Feifei , LI Jun, YU Quan
    2022, 38(11):  186. 
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    In order to solve the homogenization of powder in the silo during the production of under⁃ ground filling cementitious materials and prevent sticking and arch breaking, the plate homogenization de⁃ vice was studied for the problems of insufficient homogenization, easy clogging, and laborious replacement of nozzles. The plate homogenizing device realizes the improvement from point homogenizing to surface ho⁃ mogenizing, effectively eliminates the defects of nozzle homogenizing device, and obtains a homogenizing device of homogenizing plate. It has been verified that the plate homogenizing device has a long service life, a large homogenizing area，is not easy to be blocked，the maintenance times and costs are significantly re⁃ duced, and has excellent performance, which is worthy of promotion and application.
    Research and Application of Constant Speed and Fast Response Motor Energy Saving Device
    XIANG Weihua, LIAO Zhiqiang
    2022, 38(11):  189. 
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    In order to reduce the energy consumption of the mine，the mine energy-saving technolo⁃ gy was studied in view of the shortage of the existing frequency conversion technology，the large number of mine electrical equipment，high power and high energy consumption. An intelligent energy-saving device including high-voltage energy-saving and soft-start was developed，which was combined into a constant speed and fast response device. The application test of HP500 crusher in metal mine proved that the ener⁃ gy-saving rate was more than 10% and the energy-saving effect was remarkable. The principle of stepdown energy saving can effectively reduce the energy consumption of the motor under large current impact load and constant medium and high load conditions，which promotes the development of motor energy sav⁃ ing technology to a certain extent and has reference and promotion value for similar mines.
    Design and Application of Auxiliary Device for Conveyor Belt Receiving Uneven Deviation Correction
    LIN Yanghui
    2022, 38(11):  193. 
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    In order to improve the normal transportation efficiency of the mineral aggregate，aiming at the problem that the belt wears fast and tears due to the uneven running deviation of the belt due to the uneven feeding of conveyors in limited space conditions，an auxiliary device that can offset the uneven feed⁃ ing of the unilateral side is designed，and the auxiliary device is theoretically analyzed，the effect before and after application is compared.The comparison results show that the anti-deviation automatic deviation correction auxiliary device can offset the defect of uneven stress of the belt，ensure that the belt does not de⁃ viate，and can be applied to the belt conveyor with bad working conditions to ensure stable and smooth pro⁃ duction.
    Application of MQY3245 Type Ball Mill Synchronous Motor Bearing Bush Full Automatic Forced Lubrication Device
    ZENG Yanshou
    2022, 38(11):  196. 
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    In order to slow down the wear and frequent maintenance of the sliding bearing of the ball mill，improve the operation rate and service life of the equipment，Fujian Makeng Mining Co.，Ltd. has carried out the research on the automatic forced lubrication system of the synchronous motor sliding bearing. Through the automatic forced lubrication system of the synchronous motor，the sliding bearing lu⁃ brication 'five fixed' is achieved. At the same time，the motor bearing lubricating oil is circulated， cooled，filtered outside the equipment，and the amount of lubricating oil can be adjusted according to the bearing temperature. The test results and field application show that the device has small investment and obvious effect，which can effectively save labor and production costs，improve the equipment integrity rate and operation rate，and lay a solid foundation for the automation and unmanned equipment of mining enterprises.
    Study on the Strength Evolution Law and Proportioning Optimization of Backfill Based on Orthogonal Experiment
    ZHANG Ming
    2022, 38(11):  199. 
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    According to the actual situation of the mine，the influence of filling concentration，lime sand ratio，coarse aggregate content and curing age on the uniaxial compressive strength of cemented back⁃ fill was studied by using orthogonal experiment method. The results show that the strength of backfill in⁃ creases with the increase of filling concentration，curing age and lime sand ratio. As the fine particles of tailings cannot effectively fill the gap between the coarse aggregates，the strength of the filling body de⁃ creases with the increase of the coarse aggregate content in the range of 70%~85%. The optimum content of coarse aggregate is 70% under the existing conditions，but there is still room for further optimization of the type and grading of coarse aggregate. The range analysis results show that the lime sand ratio has the most significant effect on the strength of backfill，followed by the filling concentration and curing age. In prac⁃ tice，the filling concentration and curing age should be increased as much as possible，and different lime sand ratios should be adopted for different positions of goaf to achieve the purpose of improving the filling strength and reducing the cement cost. The research results can provide guidance for mine filling practice.
    Experimental Study on Plugging Material of Coal Mine Goaf Penetration Face Based on Polyurethane Foam
    HUO Leimin
    2022, 38(11):  203. 
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    In view of the possible toxic and harmful gas emission from the penetration face of the goaf in Sandaogou Coal Mine，which endangers the working safety of the working face，a method of using poly⁃ urethane foam materials to plug the penetration face of the goaf is proposed，and the expansion，adhesion， foaming，anti-static and flame retardant properties of the plugging materials are analyzed，and the reason⁃ able matching ratio of polyurethane foam plugging materials is proposed.On this basis，polyurethane foam materials were systematically studied. The results show that the expansion time of the plugging material is 2min，the expansion ratio can reach 10 times，and the falling area of the coal block is only 4%，reaching Grade 4B. The test results meet the requirements of underground use.When the content of conductive car⁃ bon black is 1.5，the resistance order of magnitude can be reduced to 107，which can effectively prevent the accumulation of electric charges.When the addition amount of flame retardant 8316 is 21%，the oxygen in⁃ dex reaches the maximum value of 29.2%，which can achieve good plugging and flame retardant effects. The polyurethane foam plugging material has good adhesion with the coal body. After plugging the simulat⁃ ed pipe wall，under the wind speed of 25 m/s，it has no impact on the plugging situation，and the overall plugging effect is good，which can effectively solve the problem of toxic and harmful gas influx from the goaf penetration face，and provide guidance and reference for the plugging of the goaf penetration face in mines with similar conditions.
    Application of Charmec MC 605 DA Charging Trolley in Chengchao Iron Mine
    PENG Zhuo
    2022, 38(11):  207. 
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    Chengchao Iron Mine adopts non-pillar sublevel caving method and BQ-100 type charg⁃ ing device. The labor intensity of workers is high, the level of mechanization is low, and the blasting quality is unstable. In order to improve the level of mechanized operation, reduce the labor intensity of workers and improve the blasting quality, Chengchao Iron Mine introduced Charmec MC 605 DA charging trolley. Through the underground medium and deep hole charging blasting test, it is determined that the reasonable allocation of workers for the charging trolley is 4, and the applicable explosive is rock expanded ammonium nitrate explosive. The optimum technological parameters are as follows: the water content of explosive is controlled at about 5%, the pressure in tank is 0.50~0.55 MPa, the boost air pressure is 0.40~0.42 MPa, the pipe withdrawal speed is 0.30~0.34 m/s, and the powder return rate is controlled at about 10%. By compar⁃ ing and analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of the two kinds of charging equipment, the mecha⁃ nized operation level and safety of the charging trolley are higher than those of the BQ-100 type charging device, which reduces the labor intensity of workers and increases the excellent rate of blasting quality by 3%. The charging trolley has a certain reference significance for similar mines in China to realize the mech⁃ anization and automation of upward medium and deep hole charging.
    Intelligent Control and Management of Belt Conveyor in Mineral Processing Enterprises
    ZHANG Keming, YANG Yuwu, ZHANG Aosen
    2022, 38(11):  213. 
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    Belt conveyor is an important equipment for bulk material transportation，which covers a wide range. Especially in mineral processing enterprises，the crushed ore and selected concentrate powder are completely transported by belt conveyors，and their operation efficiency directly affects the production of enterprises. The belt conveyor is prone to problems such as belt deviation，tearing，slipping，leakage stoppage and safety. To this end，implement intelligent control of belt conveyor，install belt deviation de⁃ tection and processing devices，including belt tear protection device，slip processing device，leak stop⁃ page processing device，and safety protection device，monitor and collect data of motor and reducer，real⁃ ize equipment self diagnosis and unattended，and effectively eliminate personal injury accidents and major equipment accidents. Through intelligent transformation，the equipment operation efficiency is improved， the production cost is reduced，and the economic and safety benefits of the enterprise are significant.
    Construction and Practice of Manufacturing Execution System in Masteel Mining
    CHEN Shun, HUAN Wei , CHEN Kefeng, XU Jibin, SUN Yongmao , YU Jian , QI Meichao, ZHAO Jun
    2022, 38(11):  217. 
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    In order to further strengthen the construction of smart mines，the mines of Anhui Masteel Mining Resources Group have upgraded the mining，beneficiation，charging and public auxiliary systems to constantly improve the level of wisdom.Due to the characteristics of small sharing range，little association and low integration degree of each mine system，"information island" is formed.Through the construction and implementation of the production execution system of Masteel Mining，based on automation and data collection，and taking the production execution process as the main line，the two-level management and control platform of resource group and mining company has been built to realize an efficient information sharing and collaboration system，and at the same time，the integrated management and control of basic multi-source data generated by people，equipment and environment has been realized.It achieves the effect of fine and transparent production management，thus eliminating the phenomenon of "information island" and "subsystem island" which trouble the mine.
    Upgrading Scheme and Application of Automation Technology Production Line in Baixiangshan Concentrating Mill
    DING Liangliang, WANG Ronglin, ZHANG Dong, GAO Dalin, ZHANG Yijie
    2022, 38(11):  220. 
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    In order to realize the network link construction as the bearing link，aiming at the manage⁃ ment business process and information status，through wireless transmission，information transmission，da⁃ ta transmission，network interaction and other technical means，the data in mine production are collected， stored，processed and transmitted. Based on the upgrading of hardware and software systems，the upgrad⁃ ing scheme and application research of automation technology production line are carried out from the as⁃ pects of automatic upgrading of production process，data acquisition and three-dimensional control system. The efficiency of business management is improved，the production management process is optimized，the comprehensive production cost is reduced，and the profit is maximized.
    Study and Application of Grouting Anchor Cable Advanced Support Technique in Mining Roadway of Zhaogu No.2 Coal Mine
    LU Yunliang, LIU Dong
    2022, 38(11):  224. 
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    The stability of the surrounding rock of the roadway is directly related to the safety and effi⁃ cient production of coal mines. In order to ensure the stability of the surrounding rock of the roadway，the 11012 working face of the Zhaogu No.2 Coal Mine in Jiaozuo Coalfield is used as the engineering back⁃ ground.By comprehensively using the means of field investigation，rock mechanics experiment，theoretical analysis industrial test and so on，the deformation and failure characteristics of the roof of the roadway in the area affected by the advance of the mining roadway are studied.A mechanical model with the overlying stratum-roof-coal pillar as a unified system is established.The mechanical criterion for tensile and shear failure of roadway surrounding rock roof is obtained.Based on the above discussion results，a technical scheme of grouting anchor cable support suitable for local geological conditions is proposed.After using grouting anchor cable support，the overall dynamic coupling control of high-strength and full-anchor-grout⁃ ing integration of the surrounding rock of the roadway is realized.
    Study on Temperature Field Characteristics of Fully Mechanized Caving Goaf Based on Multivariate Variables
    LIU Weifang
    2022, 38(11):  228. 
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    In order to explore the distribution characteristics of the temperature field in the fully mechanized caving goaf under different air supply conditions and advancing speeds，and to understand the temperature change law in the process of low-temperature oxidation of the coal left in the gob，the 42201 fully mechanized caving goaf of Buertai Coal Mine was taken as the study object.The gob-flow field，oxygen concentration field and temperature field control equations were constructed，and the three-dimensional nu⁃ merical simulation of the low-temperature oxidation process of the coal remaining in the 42201 fully mecha⁃ nized caving goaf was carried out by using the FLUENT software，and the reasonable air distribution volume of the 42201 working face was determined as 1 920 m3/min，and the reasonable advancing speed is 4 m/d. At the same time，the monitoring of the on-site temperature and oxygen concentration can better control the development process of spontaneous combustion of coal leftovers in the goaf. The study results show that in the initial stage of working face mining，the heating rate of the maximum coal temperature in the gob is first fast and then slow in the direction of the trend，and then gradually decreases after reaching the maximum point.When the gob moves inside，the temperature is higher.Speeding up the advancing speed can reduce the maximum temperature of the coal left in the gob.
    Review of Laws and Policies Related to Comprehensive Utilization of Mine Solid Waste
    JIANG Ying, LIU Ting, ZHU Yuanle
    2022, 38(11):  232. 
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    With the continuous exploitation of mineral resources，the production and storage of mine solid waste are increasing year by year. In order to solve the problems of resource waste，environmental pol⁃ lution and safety hazards caused by mine solid waste，China has issued a series of laws，regulations，poli⁃ cies，standards and norms to lead and standardize the resource utilization of mine solid waste and improve the comprehensive utilization rate of mine solid waste. In order to promote the comprehensive utilization and safe disposal of mine solid waste，the relevant laws，regulations and policies of comprehensive utiliza⁃ tion of mine solid waste in China are sorted out.
    Design Points of Dam Surface Drainage Ditch of a Tailings in Severe Cold Area
    JIA Jun, LIU Tao
    2022, 38(11):  237. 
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    In view of the shortcomings of the conventional design of the drainage ditch on the dam surface of the tailings pond，combined with the current specifications of the tailings pond，the design stan⁃ dard and plane layout principle of the drainage ditch on the dam surface are clarified，and the structural types of common drainage ditches in tailings pond are compared and analyzed.In view of the serious prob⁃ lem of freezing damage in the conventional design of the dam surface drainage ditch of a tailings pond in the severe cold area，the key points in the design of the dam surface drainage ditch of the tailings pond are analyzed，and the material requirements and structural types to improve the anti-freezing damage ability of the dam surface drainage ditch are discussed，which can provide reference for the design of the dam surface drainage ditch of tailings pond in the severe cold area.
    Study on Quality Evaluation of Safety Dual Prevention System Construction Based on Extension Theory——A Case Study of Hualian Mining Company
    WANG Lei, DONG Huizhong
    2022, 38(11):  241. 
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    In the work of the enterprise safety management double prevention system，the construc⁃ tion path of the system is limited to the application of the construction template in the enterprise against the local standard，and the evaluation of the construction results is limited to the quantitative calculation of the score value assigned by the scoring standard，resulting in the safety management is still limited in the stan⁃ dard formulation and implementation level，the lack of in-depth theoretical research.Taking the double pre⁃ vention system construction of Hualian Mining Company as an example，this paper quantitatively calculates the scores and final evaluation levels of each level index in the construction of the double prevention system by using quantitative model method，determines the evaluation levels of the system construction through the calculation results，and identifies the weak links in the system construction.At the same time，through the use of AHP and extension theory model to evaluate the construction results of the double prevention system of Hualian Mining Company，verify the correctness of the evaluation indicators in the assessment method of the double prevention system，which provides the reference of similar study.
    Leakage Analysis and Treatment of Drainage Chute in a Tailings Reservoir
    QIU Yongfu
    2022, 38(11):  245. 
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    The leakage problem of drainage chute in a tailings reservoir in China was investigated and analyzed，and the causes of sand leakage were determined.The deformation of drainage chute under the accumulation of overlying tailings with different thicknesses was simulated and calculated，and the deforma⁃ tion was obtained.At the same time，aiming at the problem of drainage chute leakage，a double liquid grout⁃ ing plugging scheme is proposed.After implementation，good treatment effect has been achieved，which can provide reference for mines to solve similar problems.
    High-position and Large-Diameter Directional Drilling Technology Practice for Gas Treatment in Upper Corner
    WANG Lei
    2022, 38(11):  248. 
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    In view of the large gas emission and gas accumulation in the upper corner of the fully mechanized top coal caving face in Wangzhuang Coal Mine，a directional drilling technology with large di⁃ ameter is proposed to control the gas overrun in the goaf and upper corner. By studying the evolution pro⁃ cess of goaf fractures along with the advance of the working face，the development height of roof fractures is analyzed，and the optimal hole layout layer and drilling structure of large diameter high-level directional long boreholes are determined，and the engineering practice is carried out. The results show that the gas concentration in the boreholes is relatively high at the beginning through the arrangement of large-diameter high-level directional long boreholes in the high gas working face，but with the continuous progress of the working face，the gas concentration in the boreholes began to decline，and the large-diameter high-level directional long boreholes continued to extract gas from the upper corner for a long time，and the net amount of gas extracted was stable. The average net amount during the drilling drainage was 4.3 m3/min， and the average concentration of the boreholes was 11.1%，It effectively solved the problem of gas overrun at the upper corner and ensured the safe mining of the working face.
    Induced Impact Law and Relieving Measures of 40309 Working Face in Xiaozhuang Coal Mine
    LI Peng
    2022, 38(11):  251. 
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    Aiming at the problem that it is difficult to accurately prevent rock burst，the induced burst law of working face was studied with Xiaozhuang Coal Mine as engineering background. Considering the difference of dynamic and static load monitoring methods，the source monitoring work is carried out. With the help of microseismic method，the dynamic load after coal rock rupture is monitored in the whole mine，and the key working face is monitored by the ground sound method. The static load of coal in local dangerous area is monitored in real time by means of on-line stress monitoring and drilling cuttings sam⁃ pling monitoring. According to the obtained distribution characteristics of dynamic and static load of rock burst in working face，the targeted hierarchical monitoring of rock burst hazard source and the measures of ‘divide source to solve the danger’are put forward，and the solution scheme of rock burst danger for head⁃ ing face and top coal in heading face is formed. This study provides ideas for reasonable prevention of rock burst.
    Study on Water Prevention and Control Technology in Coal Working Face
    WEI Xiangjun
    2022, 38(11):  255. 
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    Taking No. 1 Coal Mine of Datong Coking Coal Mine Company as the research back⁃ ground，the previous geological and hydrological work and its existing problems are systematically ana⁃ lyzed. In view of the water filling characteristics and water hazard threat degree of the 4#，5# and 8# coal seams in the mine，combined with the mining and excavation connection plan of the mine in recent years， coal seam floor high-pressure limestone water mining technology under pressure，the water prevention and control measures for the tunneling roadway and the mining face are put forward，and applications of tran⁃ sient electromagnetic method，induced polarization method and controllable source audio frequency mag⁃ netotelluric method in detecting water accumulation in old goaf of coal mine are expounded，which pro⁃ vides guidance and reference for the prevention and control of water in the coal mine.
    Water Inflow Estimation and Prevention and Drainage Measures from Open-pit to Underground Mining of a Copper Mine in Heilongjiang Province
    LIN Kehui
    2022, 38(11):  259. 
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    For the open-pit to underground mining，the shallow open pit becomes a rainwater catch⁃ ment area，and the caving zone or water-conducting fracture zone formed by the deep ore body caving meth⁃ od has established a good channel for surface water to enter the tunnel system，and the deep ore body water filling conditions have changed，which makes surface water to become the main source of water inflow.Tak⁃ ing a certain copper mine in Heilongjiang Province as an example，the reasonable pit water inflow data is obtained by estimating the rainfall runoff infiltration amount and superimposing the underground water in⁃ flow amount，so as to provide the basis for the layout of the underground drainage system.Seepage channels and rock cushion are adopted to prevent the catchment at the bottom of the open pit from suddenly pouring into the tunnels and threatening the safety of personnel and equipment.
    Analysis and Preliminary Scheme of Reducing Medium Consumption in Shuiyu Coal Preparation Plant
    LIU Wei, WANG Ziyang, HOU Ying
    2022, 38(11):  263. 
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    In order to reduce the medium consumption of heavy medium coal washing in the second workshop of Shuiyu Coal Preparation Plant，aiming at the problems of medium removal screen and medium running of magnetic separator，the magnetic material recovery rate of magnetic separator，slime removal rate and water spraying structure of medium removal screen surface，water spraying pressure and distribu⁃ tion of weir sieve plate were studied. The test results show that when the length of the nozzle on the sieve surface of the medium removal sieve is staggered，the spray water pressure on the sieve surface is in⁃ creased，the narrow back width arc sieve plate is used，and the slime content in the feed of the magnetic separator is reduced，the medium consumption is significantly reduced，and the medium consumption is expected to be reduced to about 1.0 kg/t. While the non-technical loss has been reduced to the lowest lev⁃ el，the medium consumption can be reduced by optimizing the process parameters of the medium sieve and the magnetic separator，and the economic benefits of the plant can be improved.
    Research on Paper Recommendation Method Based on Data Warehouse
    WANG Yijie, SHA Mengfan, ZHAO Peng, ZHOU Jianping
    2022, 38(11):  266. 
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    In order to promote the development of journal convergence media, improve the knowledge service ability of magazine website and provide readers with online paper recommendation service, a paper recommendation method based on data warehouse is proposed. First, set up a data warehouse, and establish papers recommended theme library, data extraction paper title, abstract, keywords and other data to estab⁃ lish a feature data set; then, the semi-structured word segmentation feature data set is obtained by prepro⁃ cessing these feature data sets. The above data is stored in the ODS layer of the data warehouse, the datasin original data layer are formatted and ETL，the dimension missing items are cleaned，then the datas are stored in the DWD layer. The dimension-paper weight matrix is stored in the created DWS layer, and the summary recommendation data is stored in the ADS layer of the top application layer. Finally, the similarity of the paper to be recommended is calculated from the word segmentation feature data set in the ADS layer topic table, and the similar literature is recommended for the target paper according to the similarity value. The results show that the proposed method improves the real-time and accuracy of paper recommendation, and the application effect is good.
    Blasting Demolition Design of Brick-concrete Structure Chimney under Constraint of Bottom Kiln
    WANG Gang
    2022, 38(11):  270. 
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    In view of the blasting demolition condition of highly weathered brick- concrete structure chimney under the constraint of the bottom kiln body，the collapse direction，notch height and blasting pa⁃ rameters of the chimney are determined by fully analyzing the structure and mechanical characteristics of the chimney body and combining with the characteristics of the surrounding environment. The blasting vi⁃ bration and the impact range of flying rocks are calculated through theoretical formulas，and the corre⁃ sponding blasting safety protection measures are formulated. In order to verify the rationality of blasting scheme design，ANSYS/LS-DYNA numerical simulation software is used to establish a three-dimensional finite element model of the chimney based on the integral modeling method and apply notch element failure to simulate the collapse effect of the chimney. The simulation results show that the bottom kiln body has rel⁃ atively little influence on the collapse process of the chimney，and the chimney collapses along the design direction. After the on-site drilling and blasting，the chimney collapse impact caused the top part of the kiln body to be broken，the chimney did not shift to both sides as a whole，collapsed along the design di⁃ rection，the cylinder was completely separated from the ground，and the blasting vibration and flying rock hazards were within the controllable range.