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    25 August 2025, Volume 41 Issue 08
    Previous Issue   
    The Evolution of Six Dimensional Mine Construction
    ZHAN Jingzhen, LIAN Minjie
    2025, 41(08):  2-10. 
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    As an important pillar industry of the national economy，mining is the strategic guarantee of national security and core competitiveness. With the advancement of Chinese style modernization，the tra‐ ditional mine development model has been difficult to meet the needs of high quality development. Based on 17 years of practice and exploration，China Iron and Steel Mining has put forward the concept of "Six Dimen‐ sional Mine Construction"，coordinated the six dimensions of intrinsic safety，environmental harmony，re‐ source conservation，intelligent operation，considerable benefits and social identity，and constructed a new development model of Chinese style modern mines. The evolution process of six dimensional mine is divided into three stages: starting，exploration and practice. In the initial stage，mechanized operations are mainly used to improve production efficiency，but there are still problems such as low resource utilization and envi‐ ronmental pollution. In the exploration stage，through technological innovation and policy guidance，a devel‐ opment model of intrinsic safety，environmental harmony and resource conservation has been gradually formed，and remarkable progress has been made in the construction of green mines and intelligent mines. In the practice stage，Sinosteel Mining has realized the coordinated promotion of safe production，green devel‐ opment and social identity through measures such as science and technology，ecological restoration，effi‐cient utilization of resources and intelligent transformation. Six dimensional mine construction is an impor‐ tant practice and innovation achievement of Chinese modern mine construction，and it is the future develop‐ ment direction. It not only provides new ideas and models for the development and utilization of mineral re‐ sources in China，but also provides useful experience and reference for the construction of Chinese style modern mines. In the future，the construction of six dimensional mines will deepen technological innovation and intelligent application，and promote the development of mining industry in a green，efficient and sus‐ tainable direction. However，it still faces challenges such as unbalanced level of intelligence，prominent contradiction between resources and environment，and insufficient social recognition. Therefore，it is neces‐ sary to strengthen industry-university-research cooperation，improve ecological restoration mechanism， strengthen safety management，and enhance policy support. The construction of six dimensional mines pro‐ vides a new path for the high quality development of mining industry，which is of great significance for realiz‐ ing the goal of "double carbon" and sustainable economic and social development.
    Intrinsic Safety of Six Dimensional Mine Construction
    ZHOU Zhongliang LIAN Minjie YANG Heping
    2025, 41(08):  11-17. 
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    In order to systematically improve the level of mine safety production，based on the six di‐ mensional mine construction framework，focuses on the intrinsic safety construction path，and comprehen‐ sively analyzes the four factors of human，material，environment and management that affect the mine safe‐ ty. Starting from the five elements of safety legal system，safety responsibility，safety investment，safety technology and safety culture，an intrinsic safety construction system covering five dimensions of structures and facilities，equipment，process technology，operation process and consciousness behavior is construct‐ ed. Through the practical cases of many mining enterprises in Sinosteel Mining Industry，the effectiveness of the system in improving system safety and reducing accident rate is verified. The research shows that the con‐ tinuous improvement and high-quality development of mine safety production can be realized through sys‐ tematic and multi-dimensional intrinsic safety construction.
    Environmental Harmony of Six Dimensional Mine Construction
    ZHAN Jingzhen, LIAN Minjie
    2025, 41(08):  18-23. 
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    In order to deal with the ecological destruction and social contradictions caused by mine development and promote the sustainable development of mining industry，based on the six dimensional mine construction framework，focusing on the dimension of environmental harmony，this paper systematical‐ ly analyzed the policy requirements and practical challenges of current mine construction in ecological civi‐ lization and green mine，and explains the main impact of mining activities on the environment and the con‐ flict between resource development and environmental protection. In order to realize the benign，coordinat‐ ed and circular development between the development and utilization of mineral resources and the protec‐ tion of ecological environment，not only the harmonious development of the ecological environment of mod‐ ern mine construction should be settled，but also the healthy development of the harmonious community en‐ vironment between the surrounding villages and communities of the mine shouldbe setted，and the harmoni‐ ous development of the whole ecosystem related to mining enterprises is promoted by creating a mining eco‐ system. The typical case of Sinosteel mining industry shows that this model can effectively promote the effi‐ cient utilization of resources，ecological restoration，community win-win and industrial synergy，and pro‐ vide practical reference for mining enterprises to achieve environmental friendliness，social harmony and economic benefit unification.
    Resource Conservation of Six Dimensional Mine Construction
    LUO Lin LIAN Minjie
    2025, 41(08):  24-28. 
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    Mineral resource conservation is the core strategy to deal with the contradiction between limited resources and ecological protection. Based on the theoretical framework of "six dimensional mine"， the core position and link role of resource conservation in mine construction is systematically expounded， and resource conservation running through multiple dimensions such as intrinsic safety，environmental har‐ mony，intelligent operation，economic benefits and social identity is emphasized. In the face of the coexis‐ tence of continuous growth of mineral resources consumption and waste of resources in China，it is proposed from a strategic perspective that the efficiency of resource utilization should be improved through the combi‐ nation of opening up sources and reducing consumption，technological innovation and management optimiza‐ tion. Combined with the practice of Sinosteel Mining Industry，the specific path and effect of promoting the construction of resource-saving mines are summarized from four aspects: forming a consensus on resource conservation and exploring optimization measures; strengthening the system construction and improving the policy guarantee system; comprehensive utilization of resources，the construction of tailless waste-free mine; strengthening scientific and technological innovation and ensuring investment in scientific and techno‐ logical research and development. Using this system，through technological innovation，management optimi‐ zation and policy coordination，the efficiency of resource utilization can be significantly improved，which provides theoretical reference and practical reference for resource conservation and sustainable development of mining enterprises.
    Smart Operation of Six Dimensional Mine Construction
    ZHAN Jingzhen, ZHOU Wenlue LIAN Minjie
    2025, 41(08):  29-35. 
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    Driven by the new generation of information technology，intelligent mine construction has be‐ come the core path of mining transformation and upgrading. Taking the construction practice of six dimensional mine of Sinosteel Mining Development Co.，Ltd. as an example，the key role of intelligent operation in the high-quality development of mines is systematically expounded. Through the integration of technology clusters such as the Internet of Things，big data，and artificial intelligence，a full life cycle management and control mechanism covering resource exploration，development，and ecological restoration is constructed to form a modern mining development paradigm of“safety-based，ecological priority，intelligence-driven，and value symbiosis”. The research puts forward that the intelligent operation is promoted in three stages: from point auto‐ mation to surface intelligence，and the whole mine intelligent management is finally realized. At present，the second stage of construction，such as digitization of geological survey and mining information，centralized con‐ trol of production，and intelligent early warning of safety，has been completed，which has significantly im‐ proved production efficiency and safety level. The key technologies include three-dimensional geological mod‐ eling，intelligent production center，environmental safety early warning network and big data decision-mak‐ ing platform，forming a three-tier architecture，four-dimensional system integration intelligent mine system. In the future，it will further promote the integration and application of cutting-edge technologies such as artifi‐ cial intelligence，Internet of Things and big data in metallurgical mines，focus on improving data standardiza‐ tion，intelligent mining control and real-time response mechanism，promote the intelligent ecological evolu‐ tion of mines to "self-perception-self-decision-self-execution"，and provide replicable technical paths andmanagement experience for the industry.
    The Significant Benefits of Six Dimensional Mine Construction
    GAO Zhiyong, LIAN Minjie
    2025, 41(08):  36-41. 
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    Mineral resources is an important material basis for Chinese-style modernization. Howev‐ er，the traditional mine development model often only focuses on development benefits，ignoring natural， safety and social benefits，and it is difficult to meet the needs of sustainable development. Based on the six dimensional mine concept (safety，environment，conservation，intelligence，society and benefit)，the main factors affecting the benefits of traditional mining are systematically analyzed，including low resource utiliza‐ tion efficiency，ecological environment destruction，severe safety production situation and community rela‐ tionship conflict. By introducing the "externality" theory and the "industrial ecology" theory，a six dimen‐ sional mine benefit creation cycle mechanism system is constructed. The ecological capital，safety benefits and other factors are included in the capital cycle framework，and six models of economic benefits，social impact，ecological environmental protection，safety production，resource utilization and community harmo‐ ny are proposed. Taking Cangshan Iron Mine of Sinosteel Group as an example，the feasibility and effective‐ ness of six dimensional mine construction in improving comprehensive benefits are verified，which provides a theoretical basis and practical path for the high-quality transformation of mining enterprises.
    Social Identity of Six Dimensional Mine Construction
    ZHANG Shuai LIAN Minjie
    2025, 41(08):  42-45. 
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    In order to improve the social identity of mining enterprises and promote the sustainable de‐ velopment of mining industry，based on the national policy guidance and industry practice，aiming at the problems of cognitive differences，transformation dilemma and imperfect mechanism in the social identity di‐ mension of six dimensional mine construction，from the four aspects of national policy，upstream and down‐ stream enterprises，the public and mine workers，the construction path and method of social identity are systematically serted out by specific case. The results show that improving the differentiated management system，building a long-term community communication mechanism，optimizing the ecological environment of the mining area，deepening the practice of social responsibility，improving the treatment of employees， and strengthening the protection of employees' rights and interests are the key ways to enhance social identi‐ ty. Social identity is an important support for the construction of six dimensional mines. It is necessary to sys‐ tematically enhance the social identity of mining enterprises through comprehensive paths such as policy co‐ ordination，interest balance，community integration and humanistic care，so as to lay a foundation for sus‐ tainable development of mining industry and national resource security.
    Current Situation and Development Trend of Green Intelligent Mining of Metal Mines
    LI Yunsong LI Shuai ZHAI Qingxiang YE Shuang TAN Lilong YU Dening HE Yanjun LIU Ya
    2025, 41(08):  46-50，70. 
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    As a big country of mineral resources，China 's mining industry plays an important support‐ ing role in economic development. In order to realize the high quality and sustainable development of mining industry，the research on green intelligent mining is carried out. Firstly，the connotation of green intelligent mining is defined，and its key value in improving resource utilization efficiency and reducing environmental impact is expounded. Secondly，it systematically analyzes the multi-dimensional challenges faced by the current green intelligent mine construction，including the imperfect management and standard system，low technology integration，insufficient implementation of ecological restoration concept and the transformation dilemma of small and medium-sized enterprises. Finally，the key technologies and development paths in the construction of intelligent mines are discussed，including the practice of intelligent dispatching of under‐ ground mine cards and unmanned driving of scrapers. Combined with typical engineering cases，the environ‐ mental and economic effects are analyzed in depth. According to the research，green，intelligence and safety should be the core concepts of mining development，and the coordination of the three can effectively pro‐ mote the transformation of mining industry from traditional extensive to efficient and sustainable.
    Development and Application of Digital Twin Blasting Effect Prediction and Evaluation System for Open-pit Mines
    QIN Lijie WU Donghai HE Wenxuan SONG Ming WU Hao MA Xinbo
    2025, 41(08):  51-58. 
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    To solve the problems of cumbersome，heavy workload，reliance on human experience and strong subjectivity in the design of blasting parameters in open-pit mines，a digital twin blasting effect predic‐ tion and evaluation system for open-pit mines is developed by integrating digital twin，artificial intelligence， numerical simulation and visual analysis technologies，in order to achieve intelligent and scientific design of blasting parameters and improve design efficiency and accuracy. The research adopts the systematic think‐ ing，constructs the system topology and functional architecture，and designs subsystems such as data acquisi‐ tion，data management，blasting simulation，effect prediction and evaluation. Web-end and APP-end appli‐ cations are developed .After in-depth research and development，a digital twin blasting effect prediction and evaluation system for open-pit mines has been successfully constructed，achieving automatic collection and update of geological data，intelligent analysis of blasting parameters，scientific prediction and evaluation of blasting effects，as well as visual display based on digital twins.This has significantly improved the scientific‐ ity and convenience of blasting parameter design in open-pit mines. It provides strong technical support for precise blasting in mines. This system is expected to become an important tool in the field of open-pit mine blasting operations，promoting the development of mine exploitation towards intelligence and refinement.
    Research and Application of Underground Mine Disaster Avoidance Simulation System Based on Mixed Reality
    SONG Ming WU Donghai QIN Lijie MA Xinbo
    2025, 41(08):  59-64. 
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    To solve the problems of strong limitations and low efficiency of safety training in traditional disaster avoidance simulation methods for underground mines，a disaster avoidance simulation system and functional architecture based on mixed reality were established，and a disaster avoidance simulation system for underground mines was designed. This system is based on mixed reality devices. Through the Unity 3D development platform，the three-dimensional model of the mine and the mixed reality scene is established， the underground road network is designed，and the A* path optimization algorithm is improved to realize functions such as the display of basic mine information，the display of shaft and ore body models，and the vi‐ sualization of disaster avoidance simulation path information. And the system application test is carried out on the HoloLens 2 mixed reality device. The results show that the underground mine disaster avoidance simu‐ lation system based on mixed reality established can effectively help underground workers comprehensively understand the information of underground mines through natural interaction and improve the disaster avoid‐ ance ability，which provides strong data and technical support for the new method of underground disaster avoidance work，and has broad application prospects and promotion value.
    Research and Application of Process Parameters and Filling System for Sharply Inclined Phosphate Rock Mining and Filling
    ZOU Biao
    2025, 41(08):  65-70. 
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    In response to the problems such as significant safety hazards，high geological disaster risks and difficulties in efficient resource utilization faced in the process of sharply inclined phosphate rock mining，research and application of filling systems in phosphate rock mining have been carried out. First‐ ly，based on the production scale of this phosphate mine，the average daily filling volume and the annual filling capacity are calculated to provide key data support for the subsequent filling system design. In terms of the preparation process of the filling slurry，phosphogypsum was selected as the filling aggregate. The processing flow of the filling material was detailedly planned. According to the crushing and screening of waste rock，the storage and transportation of cement，and the material ratio，the qualified slurry was mixed in the mixer and then transported to the mining site. At the same time，a filling system covering three parts of crushing and screening of filling aggregates，batching and stirring of filling materials，and conveying of filling materials was constructed. The results show that the average filling volume of the mine is 626.3 m³/d and the filling capacity is 206 700 m³/a. In the application of the filling system，the ZBG80/8 type filling industrial pump and other equipment were reasonably selected. Through meticulous system con‐ trol and complete pressure reduction，pressure monitoring and exhaust facility settings，the safety and stabil‐ ity of the filling operation were ensured. This filling scheme has achieved remarkable results in practical ap‐ plications and can comprehensively assist in the efficient and safe mining of mines.
    Multi-factor Coupling Analysis and Parameter Optimization of Metal Mine Roadway Support System
    WANG Xiaoling DONG Yaning LYU Yongjian
    2025, 41(08):  71-78，83. 
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    In tunnel engineering，the rational selection of support methods and parameters is of vital importance，as it affects the safe production and economic benefits of mines. If the support methods and pa‐ rameters are not reasonably chosen，there will be significant safety hazards. Based on the results of loose ring detection and surrounding rock classification obtained from the on-site investigation of Baixiangshan Iron Mine，the research analyzed the support effect of the existing support methods，and conducted sam‐ pling and tests on site to obtain the mechanical performance parameters of the surrounding rock on site. Based on the existing analysis results of support effects，for roadways of different types and surrounding rock categories，multi-factor coupling orthogonal tests are designed according to four influencing factors: anchor bolt length，diameter，spacing and row spacing. Based on the results of mechanical tests，the parameters of anchor net support were optimized and studied by using FLAC3D numerical simulation software. The results show that in the current support scheme，there is an excess of support in Class II，III and IV surrounding rocks. However，in the support of Class V surrounding rock，there exist situations such as low support effi‐ ciency and insufficient strength. Based on the above research results and taking the classification of sur‐ rounding rock as the standard，a new support scheme was proposed to adjust the current support scheme of Baixiangshan. For the roadways with Class II，III and IV surrounding rock，the support strength can be ap‐ propriately reduced in the subsequent support，while for the roadways with Class V surrounding rock，rein‐forcement is required in the subsequent support. Research can provide references and theoretical basis for the support of mines under similar conditions.
    Design Method and Engineering Practice of Local Ventilation in a Single Head Excavation Roadway of a Certain Metal Mine
    WANG Linhong LI Dingkun YU Tong ZHOU Wei ZHANG Hao JIA Mintao WU Lengjun LI Xiaodong
    2025, 41(08):  79-83. 
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    In order to solve the problems of poor air quality，low wind speed，and accumulation of harmful gases in the exploration vein level roadway of a certain metal mine at -560 m，combined with the ac‐ tual conditions of the roadway engineering，a three-dimensional research method combining theoretical cal‐ culation，software simulation，and on-site measurement was adopted，and fluid mechanics and ventilation engineering theory were applied to establish a local ventilation system solution model. We have carried out local ventilation design for single ended tunnels from the aspects of ventilation mode，required air volume of the working face，resistance，local fan model，matching air duct size and layout form. Ventilation software is used to calculate and simulate the rationality of the design scheme，which conducts on-site experiments in the mine. The results show that in the process of mining through vein roadway excavation，a composite venti‐ lation method of "pressure type main+induced draft fan guidance" is adopted. DJK50- № 8/2 × 30 kW coun‐ ter rotating fan is selected，and a flexible flame retardant air duct with a diameter of 800 mm is matched to supply air to the working face. JK40-1 № 6.5/11 kW fan is arranged 150 m away from the fan to connect with a flexible flame retardant air duct with a diameter of 600 mm to divert the polluted air in the roadway. The average wind speed of the on-site testing work face remained above 0.6 m/s，meeting the requirements of the "Safety Regulations for Metal and Non Metal Mines". During the operation of the system，the actual air volume of the local fan reached 120% of the design value，and the air quality in the tunnel was signifi‐ cantly improved，effectively ensuring the health of underground workers and the safety of excavation con‐ struction，providing quantifiable engineering reference for solving the ventilation problem of single head ex‐ cavation in similar mines.
    Support Technology for the Collapse and Crushing Zone of the Top Plate at the Tail End of the Final Mining Period in the 1302 Working Face of Yuwu Coal Industry
    YIN Yuyang
    2025, 41(08):  84-87，111. 
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    In response to the large-scale fragmentation during the final mining period of the 1302 working face of Yuwu Coal Industry Co.，Ltd.，accompanied by local leakage and collapse phenomena，the tail end supports numbered 124# ~130# experienced severe pressure relief，severe support compression， and difficulty in movement. The coal pillars in the end area and the return airway in the advance area were severely fractured，posing a serious threat to the safety of mining in the working face. It has been deter‐ mined that the main causes of roof fracture are the multi stress shear failure of the roof，low support strength，and large suspended roof area. Joint support methods such as "artificial false roof + composite beam anchor cable+pipe shed grouting+portal sliding steel shed" have been proposed. The actual applica‐ tion effect shows that after adopting joint support，during the later stage of mining，no collapse was ob‐ served on the roof of the tail end. The maximum subsidence of the roof in the end area was reduced to 0.17 m，and the maximum subsidence length of the coal pillar at the end was reduced to 0.8 m. The maximum subsidence of the roof in the leading area along the groove was 0.14 m，and the maximum convergence of the two sides was 0.29 m. The maximum bottom bulge was 0.33 m，and the distance between the end faces was reduced to 0.28 m. The mining speed was increased to 6.4 m/d.
    Study on the Eeffect of Linear Charge Density and Residual Height on Crack Formation by Presplitting Blasting
    AN Xiong LI Zijian, KANG Fujun SHAN Jinlong
    2025, 41(08):  88-94. 
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    As an effective means of slope control and rock mass protection，presplitting blasting tech‐ nology has a wide range of engineering application prospects in open-pit mines. In order to clarify the influ‐ ence of line charge density and reinforcement parameters on the formation effect of pre-cracking，the physi‐ cal and mechanical parameters of different lithology are obtained through rock mechanics test，and the hole wall pressure and reasonable hole spacing range are deduced by theoretical calculation. On this basis，the explicit dynamic finite element simulation method is used to construct the presplitting blasting model respec‐ tively，and the failure mode and crack width evolution process of rock mass under different linear charge density and reinforcement setting conditions are compared and analyzed. The results show that the linear charge density is the key factor affecting the formation of pre-cracking. With the increase of density，the width of pre-cracking increases，and the function relationship can be obtained by fitting. The reinforcement has little effect on the change of crack width，but increasing the reinforcement properly can effectively pro‐ long the action time of detonation products and promote the formation of complete cracks in the uncharged section. The study result provides theoretical support and numerical basis for the optimization design of pre‐ splitting blasting parameters under complex geological conditions，and has important guiding significance for improving blasting control accuracy and ensuring slope stability.
    Study on Optimization of Key Parameters of Roof Cutting and Pressure Relief in Gob-side Entry Retaining in Jinda Coal Mine
    CAO Jiayue ZHANG Hualei
    2025, 41(08):  95-100. 
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    Aiming at the problems of large displacement of roof and floor and two sides of gob-side en‐ try retaining roadway and stress concentration of roadway，taking 12101 thin coal seam working face of Jinda Coal Mine as the background，the theoretical minimum values of roof cutting height and angle are obtained by theoretical calculation. Secondly，in order to further optimize the derivation results，FLAC3D numerical simulation software is used to simulate the roof cutting and retaining roadway under different key parameters. The results show that the stress state of the surrounding rock of the roadway can be effectively optimized by implementing the 18 m roof cutting height and the 10 ° roof cutting and retaining method. Compared with the vertical roof cutting，the roof cutting angle of 10 ° can reduce the roof subsidence by 22.8 %. Through theo‐ retical analysis，numerical simulation and other means，it is found that in the range of 0~30 m from the working face，the deformation speed of the surrounding rock of the retaining roadway is faster，and then be‐ comes more gentle. At about 65 m，the deformation of the surrounding rock reaches stability，thus effective‐ ly controlling the deformation of the surrounding rock of the roadway，which provides some reference value for the retaining roadway in the working face under similar conditions.
    Study on the Stability of Isolated Pillar in Multi-stage Cooperative Mining of Deep Steeply Inclined Ore Body
    HU Gaofeng TU Xudong ZHANG Qingsong, WANG Yuding, WANG Jing
    2025, 41(08):  101-106. 
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    Based on the mining of a steeply inclined ore body by caving method to filling method，com‐ bined with the Platts theory method，material mechanics method，load transfer intersection line method and K.B.Rubeneit formula，the reasonable thickness of isolated pillars in the two areas is calculated. At the same time，the stability of isolated pillars in the process of multi-stage collaborative mining is analyzed by numer‐ ical simulation technology. The results show that based on the coupling analysis of various theoretical calcu‐ lation methods，the reasonable thickness of the isolated pillar of the steeply inclined ore body is determined to be 31 m，and the safety factor is 1.5. Under different mining schemes，the ground pressure activity does not change much，and the first mining of the first and third middle sections helps to reduce the ground pres‐ sure activity. The effective transfer stress of the filling body improves the stability of the mining process. The deep mining has little effect on the vertical displacement of the isolated pillar，and the pillar remains stable during the mining process. The plastic failure is mainly concentrated on the boundary of the filling stope. The first mining of the second and fourth middle sections can significantly reduce the plastic failure zone and improve the stability of the stope.
    Optimization of Open-pit Boundary in the Process of Reconstruction and Expansion of J Gold Mine in Xinjiang
    ZHANG Xingzhi YAN Dongjin
    2025, 41(08):  107-111. 
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    In view of the insufficient reserves of mineral resources in the existing mining boundary of J Gold Mine in Xinjiang，it is difficult to meet the needs of the current market economy. In order to realize the efficient and rational utilization of mineral resources and prolong the service life of the mine，the mining boundary optimization research is carried out. Firstly，the key prerequisites such as the occurrence charac‐ teristics of mineral resources in the mining area，the distribution of resource grade in the boundary，the diffi‐ culty of mining，economic benefits and mine safety conditions are systematically analyzed. On this basis， the MICROMINE mining software is used to construct the ore block model and calculate the economic and reasonable stripping ratio. Based on the open-pit optimization program of the software，the multi-scheme op‐ timization of the mining boundary of the deposit is completed based on the principle of LG graph theory，and the optimal open-pit mining boundary is accurately delineated by Surpac software. The research results show that the selection of No.3 optimized boundary as the end boundary foundation pit can effectively im‐ prove the utilization rate of mineral resources，significantly prolong the service life of open-pit mining，and provide technical support for the sustainable production of mines.
    Research Progress of Titanium-Based Ion Sieve Materials in Lithium Extraction from Salt Lakes
    LIU Yumo NA Yu LI Zhao CHEN Min DAI Shujuan HUANG Junwei
    2025, 41(08):  112-117. 
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    Lithium is a strategic metal in the field of new energy，and its efficient development is cru‐ cial to global energy transformation. Salt lake brine accounts for 60%~65% of the world's lithium resource reserves. However，the separation problem caused by high ratio of Mg to Li makes the traditional lithium ex‐ traction method face problems such as poor selectivity，high energy consumption or environmental pollution. Titanium-based lithium ion sieve has become a hot research topic in lithium extraction from salt lakes due to its high lithium selectivity and stability of titanium-oxygen skeleton. The development technology of global liquid lithium resources，the synthesis method of titanium-based lithium ion sieve，the mechanism of lithium extraction and the latest achievements of doping modification are analyzed and reviewed focusing on the re‐ search progress of titanium-based ion sieve materials in lithium extraction from salt lakes. The existing prob‐ lems are pointed out and the future development is prospected，which provide reference for the material de‐ sign，synthesis process，theoretical mechanism and strengthening modification of titanium-based lithium ion sieves.
    Comparative Experimental Study on High and Low Alkalinity Copper-sulfur Separation Processes in Dabaoshan Copper Mine
    XU Chong, HU Wenying ZHAO Guanfei HUANG Chunfu ZHONG Guojian DING Shengqiang QIU Tingsheng
    2025, 41(08):  118-122，127. 
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    In order to explore and optimize the low alkalinity copper-sulfur separation flotation pro‐ cess suitable for Dabaoshan Copper Mine in Guangdong Province, to solve the problems of high lime dosage, large circulation of middle ore and high cost of beneficiation reagents in the traditional high alkalinity pro‐ cess. A new reagent JY-1 (copper sulfide collector) was used to replace the existing collector ethylthiocarba‐ mate and Jiangtong No.1, and JD-1 (pyrite inhibitor) was used to replace the original inhibitors lime, sodium humate and sodium sulfide. The comparative test of high and low alkalinity copper-sulfur separation process was carried out in laboratory test. The results show that the copper concentrate with copper grade of 17.13% and copper recovery of 78.24% can be obtained under the condition of high alkalinity process (pH=9.5). The copper concentrate with copper grade of 16.89% and copper recovery of 81.62% can be obtained under the condition of low alkalinity process (pH=8). Therefore, compared with the high basicity copper-sulfur separa‐ tion process, the low basicity copper-sulfur separation process can improve the copper recovery rate of cop‐ per concentrate by 3.38 percentage points under the premise of similar copper concentrate grade. The com‐ parative experimental study shows that the low alkalinity copper-sulfur separation process test can efficient‐ ly separate copper-sulfur ore and improve copper recovery rate. The process has simple reagent system and low production cost.The results has important guiding significance for the innovation and progress of copper�sulfur separation technology in Dabaoshan Copper Mine.
    Experimental Study on Beneficiation of a Refractory Gold Ore Containing Carbon
    LI Chengwei, SUI Haibo, XU Qingyan,
    2025, 41(08):  123-127. 
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    The grade of gold and carbon of a gold ore containing carbon in Indonesia is 12.92 g/t and 1.74%，respectively. The carbon mainly exists in the form of carbonate，followed by graphitic carbon and or‐ ganic carbon. In order to realize efficiency utilization of the gold ore，based on the detailed research of pro‐ cess mineralogy，direct cyanide leaching，gravity separation tests and flotation tests were carried out. The re‐ search results show that due to the high carbon content，with the increase of grinding fineness and the leach‐ ing time，direct cyanidation can hardly leachate gold. By adopting the combined process of gravity separa‐ tion and flotation，under the condition that the grinding fineness of -0.074 mm accounts for 65%，via one stage shaking table gravity separation，gravity separation concentrate with gold grade of 7 902.05 g/t and gold recovery rate of 30.60% can be obtained. Using butyl ammonium aerofloat and butyl xanthate as collec‐ tor，2# oil as frother，through the flotation process of one roughing，two cleaning and two scavenging，the flo‐ tation concentrate with gold grade of 85.59 g/t and gold recovery of 64.58% is obtained. The total gold recov‐ ery reaches 95.18%.
    Effect of Grinding Medium on Grinding Product Index of Concentrated Magnetic Separation Concentrate in a Mine
    LIU Jianhua PEI Dejian, YANG Xifei LI Shuqin, WANG Wei,
    2025, 41(08):  128-134. 
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    The grinding process is a key link in the beneficiation process，which directly affects the disso‐ ciation effect of valuable minerals and the subsequent separation index. Taking the concentrated magnetic sepa‐ ration concentrate of a third stage grinding and classification system in a mine as the research object，aiming at the problems of high energy consumption，high steel consumption and serious overgrinding in the traditional steel forging grinding medium，the effects of three kinds of grinding media，steel forging，steel ball and porce‐ lain ball，on the indexes of grinding products were systematically discussed. Through laboratory tests，the parti‐ cle size distribution characteristics of grinding productd under different grinding parameters of grinding time， medium filling rate，grinding concentration were analyzed，and the grinding effect and energy consumption of each medium were compared. The results show that the grinding of ceramic balls is excellent in grinding rate and overgrinding control，especially the grinding effect of mixed ball diameter ceramic balls (ϕ25mm，ϕ20mm， ϕ15mm ratio of 5∶3∶2) is the best. The yield of -0.075 mm particle size is 87.64%，the degree of overgrinding is 31.67%，and the unit energy consumption is 27.43% lower than that of steel forging. In addition，the ceramic ball + steel ball mixed grinding scheme also shows good adaptability in dealing with emergencies. When the grinding concentration is 70% and the medium filling rate is 38%，the product particle size distribution of ce‐ ramic ball grinding is more uniform，which is beneficial to the subsequent magnetic separation operation. The research results provide theoretical basis and technical support for the optimization of mine grinding process， and show that it is feasible and economical to replace the traditional steel forging medium with ceramic balls.
    Resource Utilization Study of Iron Tailings from Ultra-Lean Vanadium-Titanium Magnetite
    LI Zhuguo WANG Meng MI Hongcheng LIU Zhe
    2025, 41(08):  135-139. 
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    To realize the resource utilization of the iron tailings of an ultra-poor vanadium titanium magnetite in Chengde area，the detailed process mineralogy analysis and systematic recovery of valuable ele‐ ments were carried out by taking representative tailings samples. The results showed that the useful elements were phosphorus and titanium，and the grade of P2O5 and TiO2 were 1.52% and 1.91%，respectively. The valuable minerals include apatite，ilmenite，rutile，and sphene. The fine dissemination size of the valuable minerals and the easy sliming of silicate minerals are the main factors affecting the recovery of phosphorus and titanium. When the grinding fineness is - 74 μm 53%, the phosphate concentrate with P2O5 grade of 30.10% and P2O5 recovery of 87.61% was obtained by using sodium carbonate and BK116A as regulator, BK410B as collector. Then, the phosphate tailings were subjected to wet low intensity magnetic separation, wet high intensity magnetic separation, low intensity magnetic rough concentrate and high intensity magnetic rough concentrate combined and reground, then via wet low intensity magnetic separation and shaking table cleaning, and the ilmenite concentrate with TiO2 grade of 32.10% and TiO2 recovery of 29.66% was obtained. The research results have guiding significance for the efficient utilization of this kind of ultra-poor vanadi‐ um-titanium magnetite tailings.
    Experimental Study on the Preparation of Super Iron Concentrate Powder from a Magnetite Concentrate Powder in Hebei
    ZANG Jun FANG Xin MA Ming LI Changsheng
    2025, 41(08):  140-142. 
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    The iron minerals in the iron concentrate powder of an iron mine in Chengde area of He‐ bei Province are mainly single magnetite. The total iron grade of the iron concentrate powder is 65.45%， and the magnetic iron grade is 65.00%. The mineral composition of the iron concentrate powder is single and the impurity content is low. The process of pre-magnetic separation (magnetic field intensity 160 kA/m) -tower mill grinding (P95=-0.038 mm) -two stage magnetic separation (first stage magnetic field intensity 320 kA/m，second stage magnetic field intensity 96 kA/m ) -elutriation concentration was adopted. The su‐ per iron concentrate with yield of 72.73%，iron grade of 71.69% and iron recovery of 79.21% can be ob‐ tained. The iron concentrate can be used as raw material for preparing lithium iron phosphate battery mate‐ rials with high added value，and the high quality and excellent use of iron concentrate can be realized. At the same time，the tailings produced during the test can be sold.
    Experiment on the Flotation Recovery of Titanium from Pre-enriched Concentrate of a Vanadium Titanium Magnetite Ore in Sichuan Province
    LI Daozhong, SHEN Wei, WENG Xiaoqing,
    2025, 41(08):  143-147. 
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    The grade of TiO2 in the pre-enriched concentrate of a vanadium-titanium magnetite in Si‐ chuan was 12.142%. Aiming at the problem of recovery and utilization of titanium resources in pre-concen‐ trated concentrate，the reagent system was optimized by desulfurization-roughing flotation test. It was deter‐ mined that sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide were used as pH regulators，lead nitrate + benzohydroxamic acid was used as combined collector，and sodium silicate was used as inhibitor. On the basis of condition test，the titanium concentrate product with TiO2 grade of 46.38% and flotation recovery of 64.63% was ob‐ tained by closed-circuit process of desulfurization one roughing，four cleaning and one scavenging titanium flotation. The TiO2 grade of flotation tailings was 4.86%. The comprehensive recycling of titanium resources is realized.
    Analysis of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Rocks and Slope Stability in Yangjialing Mine
    YUE Yuanqing
    2025, 41(08):  148-151，157. 
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    Slope stability is the key to determining the safe and efficient mining of open-pit mines， and study on the physical and mechanical properties of rocks is an important foundation for slope stability analysis. This study takes Yangjialing Limestone Mine as the engineering background，uses drilling core engineering geological logging method to complete rock engineering geological investigation and analysis， and evaluates the quality of slope rock mass using relevant specifications. The physical and mechanical properties of rocks were detained through on-site sampling testing and indoor experiments. Uniaxial com‐ pression tests and triaxial compression tests with different confining pressures were conducted based on geological data and rock mechanics parameters of mining rock engineering，and numerical simulation meth‐ ods were used to evaluate the stability of mining slopes. The research results indicate that the uniaxial and triaxial compressive strength，elastic modulus，Poisson's ratio，cohesion，and internal friction angle of dif‐ ferent rock formations are obtained through a series of rock mechanics experiments. Based on the limit equi‐ librium method，the mechanical response of the South No.2 Line slope is simulated，and the cloud maps of horizontal displacement and maximum principal stress of the mine are obtained. The minimum safety factor of the slope is 2.30，which is much higher than the allowable safety factor of the slope，and there is no risk of landslide.
    Research on Sliding Failure Mechanism of Slope of the Abandoned Waste Dump in Dagushan of Ansteel Based on FDEM
    SUN Yunhuan LI Yachuan YANG Yide WANG Jian
    2025, 41(08):  152-157. 
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    The slope of abandoned waste dump has a weak surface due to the difference in accumula‐ tion layers，and thus there is a risk of landslide damage. Natural factors and human activities around the slope also affect the stability of the slope. To explore the sliding failure mechanism of the dump slope and propose effective control techniques，starting from the engineering geological characteristics of the slope and the mechanical properties of the rock mass，and based on the actual situation of the dump body，the dump slope is divided into four different medium layers from bottom to top. Corresponding mechanical parameters are assigned to different media，and the S1 and S2 calculation sections are constructed in combination with the finite element method. By using the FDEM method，the slope toe excavation calculations of the S1 and S2 sections were carried out respectively in the natural state and the saturated state. Meanwhile，the calcula‐ tion results of slope toe excavation + horizontal vibration of slope toe were compared. By comparing the fail‐ ure modes and displacement monitoring in the simulation results，it is concluded that in the natural state， the excavation at the foot of the slope leads to changes in the contact stress between the media，causing the sliding of the upper soft soil. The vibration caused by the rotation of the concrete mixer promotes the sliding of the soil layer at the foot of the slope. However，as the distance from the vibration source increases，its in‐ fluence relatively weakens. An increase in the saturation of soil mass will enhance the damage degree of landslides. The research proposed treatment measures such as slope reduction and load reduction on the steep vertical surface behind the landslide，filling cracks，and establishing drainage and interception facili‐ ties for the landslide body and the surrounding surface，providing an important reference basis for the stabili‐ ty assessment and risk control of similar waste dump slopes.
    Research on the Stability Analysis and Treatment Countermeasures of the Slope in a Mining Area
    WANG Zhen ZHANG Chun
    2025, 41(08):  158-161，166. 
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    To improve the stability of the slope of a certain domestic mine，combined with the land‐ slide project of the stope slope，an in-depth analysis of its landslide cause reveals that rainfall infiltration and blasting vibration are important inducements for the instability and failure of the slope. Heavy rainfall causes the groundwater level inside the stope slope to continuously rise，reducing its stability and lowering the safety factor. Blasting vibration leads to a reduction in the degree of friction between structural surfaces， a decrease in cohesion，a continuous decline in the safety factor，and the slope is in an unstable state，re‐ sulting in deep-level damage. In response to the causes of slope landslide instability，the mechanical param‐ eters of rock mass and sliding surface were obtained through triaxial shear tests in the laboratory and inver‐ sion analysis. The safety and stability of the slope were achieved by measures such as lowering the water lev‐ el lines at different heights within the slope body，layer-by-layer slope cutting and load reduction，and us‐ ing anchor (cable) frame beams. Research shows that the mechanical parameters obtained in the laboratory are larger in value and have higher stability compared with those of sliding surfaces. The mechanical strength parameters of rock mass structural planes obtained through inversion analysis are relatively reason‐ able in engineering treatment measures. The adoption of slope cutting and load reduction measures，along with the re-support of the slope body using frame beams，anchor cables (rods)，and anchor shotcrete to en‐ hance the resistance of the slope against sliding sections，and the auxiliary use of drainage pipes to divert water and lower the internal water level of the slope，can effectively improve the stability of the slope，espe‐cially in cases where the slope body，rock mass joints and fissures are well developed，rock mass quality is poor，and there are structural plane cutting slopes. Its comprehensive management measures have achieved remarkable results，providing a new approach for the treatment of rock slopes.
    Research on Optimization of Angle of the Composite End Slope of Fractured Rock Mass in Open-pit Mines
    XU Zhizhong FAN Lijun SUN Changsheng
    2025, 41(08):  162-166. 
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    The upper part of the terminal slope of the northwest side of the open-pit mining pit of Jiaji‐ abao Iron Mine is the artificial crushed stone slope of the waste dump，the middle part is the thick soil slope of the quaternary，and the lower part is the composite rock soil slope of the fractured rock mass slope. Some sections of the original terminal slope angle are too steep，and some sections are too conservative. It is neces‐ sary to further optimize the composite slope angle to achieve the stability of the mine slope and the economic nature of mining. The research systematically sorted out the data on the geological and hydrological condi‐ tions of the slope，rock mass structure，etc.，and conducted a detailed analysis to identify the characteristics such as the rock mass structure and fault distribution of the stopes slope. It innovatively carried out the study of slope zoning，mainly using the limit equilibrium method for calculation and analysis and supplemented by the numerical simulation method. The results were compared and analyzed to calculate the slope stability pa‐ rameters of each zoning slope under different working conditions and comprehensively evaluate the stability coefficient of the composite slope. The results show that the hydraulic connection characteristics between the water seepage field in the slope rock mass and the surface water，as well as the dynamic changes with min‐ ing，the slope is generally in a stable state and has a certain amount of safety redundancy. The optimized slope angle increases from 40.3° to 43.3°，the outer boundary circle contracts inward by 18.6 m，and the dis‐ tance between the bottom toe line of the waste dump and the outer boundary circle increases by 18.6 m. This can reduce the amount of rock stripping by 115 000 m3 . This method can provide a reference for the engineer‐ ing research of composite slopes in similar open-pit mines.
    Analysis of Slope Stability and Treatment Countermeasures of Waste Dump under Weak Base Layer
    ZHANG Yakun ZHAO Wukun
    2025, 41(08):  167-170，177. 
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    Through the stability calculation and the analysis of monitoring data of a waste dump slope，it can be known that the slope is in an unstable state，and there is a weak layer at the foot of the edge slope of the waste dump，which is prone to instability failure under high water level conditions. Through indoor triaxial shear tests，the variation laws of the strength parameters C and ϕ values of bulk materials in the waste dump with soil saturation were mastered. Measures such as optimizing the slope structure parameters，lowering the water level line，and implementing reverse pressure at the foot of the slope are adopted. Research shows that when there is soil with low mechanical properties at the base and the water level is relatively deep，continuous stacking and drainage are prone to bottom drum failure. By optimizing the stacking and drainage of the overall slope of the waste dump with the approach of "small sec‐ tions of high height，wide platforms，and gentle slope angles"，the slope angle is slowed down. In the silt area at the foot of the slope，block stones were thrown and filled，and materials were compacted in layers to increase the density of the materials and enhance the strength parameters C and ϕ values. The safety fac‐ tor of the slope met the specification requirement of 1.15，and the slope was in a stable state. The treat‐ ment effect was remarkable，providing a new method and a new idea for the comprehensive management of geological disasters.
    Geological Characteristics of Mineralization and Prospecting Direction of Zhoujiaping Gold Deposit in Chongyang County，Hubei Province
    LI Yuan, YIN Jin, CHEN Zhuo, LIU Feng, LI Jing LIU Hongliang SHE Jianchao, ZHANG Liya, LI Wei,
    2025, 41(08):  171-177. 
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    Zhoujiaping Gold Mine is a small gold mine discovered in the southern part of Hubei Prov‐ ince in recent years. Based on the general survey work，the geological characteristics of the mineralization in the mining area were summarized and the genesis of the deposit was discussed，and the direction of the next step of mineral exploration was pointed out. The results show that the deposit is located on the northern mar‐ gin of the Dahu Mountain rock mass. The exposed strata in the mining area are the Cambrian Huayan Tem‐ ple Formation - Silurian Xintan Formation，while the Ordovician Baota Formation and Huangnigang Forma‐ tion are missing. There are three groups of faults in the mining area，namely the near-east-west (F1)，north‐ east-east (F2，F5，F6)，and northeast-northwest (F3，F4) faults. The near-east-west longitudinal fault F1 is a regional ore-storing structure，while the northeast-east fault F6 is a regional ore-guiding structure. The F1 and F6 faults are closely related to mineralization. The ore body is vein-shaped and occurs in the strata of the Ningguo Formation，Liujuqiao Formation of the Ordovician and the Longmaxi Formation of the Ordovi‐cian - Zhiliu System. It is significantly controlled by faults. The ore-bearing lithologies are silicified frac‐ tured rocks，quartz-bearing shale，quartz-bearing siltstone and gallead-bearing quartz veins，accompanied by silicification，pyritization，decarbonization and lead-zinc mineralization. The ore mineral is natural gold. Preliminary analysis suggests that the deposit belongs to the quartz vein type gold mine. The Dahu Mountain rock mass in the southern part of the mining area and the older strata in the region may have provided heat and materials for the mineralization in this area. The deep part of the discovered ore body and the F6 fault passing through the HT3 anomaly in Xiacaiyuan are favorable sections for mineralization. It is recommended to carry out the next exploration work.
    Analysis of Gold Mineralization Conditions and Prospecting Prediction in Xifengjian Area， Qingyang County
    YAN Lijun
    2025, 41(08):  178-182. 
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    The Tongling area is located in the middle section of the copper-gold-sulfur-iron mineral‐ ization belt in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. In recent years，several mineral deposits have been discovered in the Tongling mining area，including the Shujiadian copper-gold deposit，Yangli‐ chong gold deposit，Hamaling copper-gold-molybdenum deposit，Dilongchong gold deposit，and Mao‐ zhuyuan gold deposit. These deposits are located in the Shujiadian anticline and Yongcunqiao anticline，and the ore bodies are hosted in the contact zone between the Silurian sandstone and shale and the diorite-like rock mass and its vicinity. Moreover，several gold polymetallic ore bodies have been found in the deep part of the Hamaling copper-gold-molybdenum deposit at the interface between the Ordovician and Silurian stra‐ ta，which indicates that the Indosiperiod tectonic position，Yanshan period magmatic activity，and the Silu‐ rian sandstone area in the mining area have great potential for gold mineral exploration. The Xifengjian area in Qingyang County is located on the southwestern edge of the Tongling mining area，and the mineralization position is favorable. Based on the geological exploration work and previous research results，this paper com‐ prehensively analyzes the geological conditions for mineralization and concludes that the Xifengjian area has good potential for hydrothermal vein-type and skarn-type gold polymetallic mineral exploration，and it is ex‐ pected to discover gold polymetallic deposits of a certain scale.
    Geological Characteristics of Mineralization and Prospecting Direction of Copper Polymetallic Ore in Yangtan Area of Shexian County
    LUO Chaoping LIANG Haihui HU Jiawei
    2025, 41(08):  183-188. 
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    The Yangtan area of Shexian County is located in the northern part of the eastern section of the Qinzhou-Hangzhou mineralization belt. It is a mineralization belt of metals and non-metals such as cop‐ per，tin，tungsten，tantalum and niobium，uranium，gold，silver，lead and zinc. The folding，fault struc‐ tures and magmatic rock activities are intense. It has also developed favorable mineralization strata such as the Lantian Formation，Xiuning Formation and Hetang Formation，and has good mineralization potential. In previous geological exploration work，two copper polymetallic mineralized bodies have been discovered in the study area，mainly located in the upper section of the skarn alteration zone of the Xiuning Formation and the fractured zone of the Hetang Formation. Surface mineralization tracing control has found that the scale of mineralization is limited，but it can point out the direction for the next mineral exploration. By comprehen‐ sively analyzing the geological and physicochemical exploration anomaly characteristics in the area，con‐ ducting rock and mineral identification and rock mass dating work，analyzing the relationship between min‐ eralization and the strata，structures and magmatic rock activities in the area，summarizing the mineraliza‐ tion laws，it is comprehensively concluded that: The high-abundance elemental strata such as the Lantian Formation，Hetang Formation and Xiuning Formation in the study area provide effective material sources for mineralization. The highly developed fold structures offer favorable space for mineralization. Multiple sets of fault structures in the northeast，northwest and north-south directions provide good migration channels for deep magmatic hydrothermal fluids. Eventually，mineralization is enriched at the superposition of rock mass‐es and favorable surrounding rocks，as well as at the folds and fault structures. The research pointed out the next direction for mineral exploration in the area，with the aim of achieving a breakthrough in mineral explo‐ ration.
    Geological Characteristics and Process Characteristics of Clay Mine in Shizishan，Guangde City
    SUN Peng DUAN Chuanbo
    2025, 41(08):  189-193. 
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    The clay rock mines used for pottery making in Yixing City，Jiangsu Province are increas‐ ingly depleted，and the clay mines are important raw materials for making purple clay teapots. During the census project of the Shizishan Clay Mine in Guangde City，Anhui Province，it was found that this area has the same ore-bearing layer as the purple clay mine in Yixing，Jiangsu Province. The clay ore is mainly pur‐ plish red，with other colors mixed in. Its hardness is less than 2.5，and its chemical composition meets the industrial index requirements. It has good plasticity and sintering performance. Three samples were collected for pottery-making experiments and successfully fired into teapots. The research results show that the Shizis‐ han Clay ores meet the raw material requirements for purple clay products and can fill the growing gap in do‐ mestic demand for purple clay raw materials.
    Experimental Study on Preparation of Filling Materials by Baixiangshan Ultrafine Tailings
    CHANG Luping WANG Ronglin LI Guoping YANG Songfu FAN Chuangang ZHANG Ji LI Jiamao
    2025, 41(08):  194-199. 
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    In order to explore the feasibility of preparing cemented filling materials with Baixiang‐ shan ultrafine tailings，based on the analysis of the physical and chemical properties of the materials，the strength of the filling body and the fluidity of the filling slurry were tested，and the curing mechanism was analyzed by XRD and SEM.The results show that the whole tailings of Baixiangshan belongs to low-sulfur and low-silicon iron tailings，which are ultra fine tailings with poor gradation. Compared with desulfuriza‐ tion gypsum，the use of anhydrite in the fluid cementitious material significantly improves the strength of the filling body sample at each age. When the concentration of tailings slurry is 55%，the cement-sand ra‐ tio is 1:6，and the flow gelling material is BX6，the compressive strength of the filling body sample at 3，7 and 28 d is 0.55，1.32 and 2.42 MPa，respectively，and the fluidity is 123 mm，which can meet the filling requirements of Baixiangshan Mine. The phase composition and microstructure analysis show that the fill‐ ing body sample is mainly composed of quartz，ettringite and C-A-H gel. The hydration products are inter‐ woven and filled with each other，effectively wrapping the fine particles in the whole tailings，which is ben‐ eficial to improve the density and mechanical properties of the material. Compared with solid cementitious materials such as general cement，the developed fluid cementitious material has the characteristics of high efficiency and low cost，and has good economic and environmental benefits，which can provide data sup‐ port and theoretical guidance for the application of ultra fine total tailings in iron mine filling.
    Design of New Tilting-sweping FKD Mine Local Ventilator
    WANG Yongqun ZHANG Mingfeng WU Lengjun
    2025, 41(08):  200-203. 
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    Local ventilation is required for long-distance single-head roadway excavation during mine infrastructure construction and production. Due to the limited space of the local working environment in the mine，there are high requirements for the air supply distance，operating efficiency and operating noise of the local ventilator. The blade of the new tilting-sweping FKD mine local ventilator adopts a tilting-sweping counter-rotating structure design. The blade profile adopts a progressive arc-shaped structure，and the an‐ gle adopts a tilting-sweping structure. The angle is optimized at 10°~50°，and the range of variation is wide. Through the change of the above blade shape and angle parameters，the fan has the advantages of high effi‐ ciency，energy saving，low operation noise and convenient installation and disassembly. The performance test data of field standard test show that the design performance curve of the ventilator is stable，and the air volume，air pressure and efficiency of the effective working range reach the design goal，which can meet the performance requirements of local ventilator for mine infrastructure ventilation and underground long-dis‐ tance single-head roadway excavation in metal mines.
    Experimental Study on Strength Characteristics of Lead-Zinc Tailings Cemented Paste Backfill under Sulfate Environment
    DONG Qing JIA Lifeng LIANG Bing YIN Wanlei
    2025, 41(08):  204-208. 
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    To investigate the effect of sulfate and fly ash content on the uniaxial compressive strength of lead-zinc tailings cemented paste backfill，the specimens were soaked in distilled water，solutions with sulfate ions concentrations of 5 000 mg/L and 15 000 mg/L，in which the mass fractions of fly ash were 0%，15% and 30%. The uniaxial compressive strength of specimens and solution pH value were tested in 180 days. The influence of sulfate ions and fly ash on the strength and microstructure of cemented paste backfill were analyzed. The results indicated that the compressive strength of the cemented paste backfill increased first and then decreased with the increase of soaking age. When the concentration of sulfate ions was 5 000 mg / L，sulfate exhibited a significant early strength agent effect. The content of fly ash was 15%，and the compressive strength of the specimen was the highest. The pH value of the soaking solution decreased over time，and in the early stage，the pH value of the sulfate solution soaking was higher than that of distilled water. The pH value of the sulfate solution remained below 9.5 on the 180th day. The scan‐ ning electron microscope results indicated that the size and number of internal pores and cracks in the structure increased under sulfate conditions，while the quantity of cementitious materials reduced. The re‐ search results can provide a theoretical basis for analyzing the safety of sulfur-containing tailings filling.
    Experimental Study on the Preparation of Cementitious Materials from Iron Tailings of the Suspension Roasting Magnetic Sparation of Jiuquan Iron and Steel Company
    YU Xi, YANG Renxin, CHEN Zhou, YUAN Qidong, WANG Shuai,
    2025, 41(08):  209-211，216. 
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    In order to develop and utilize the iron tailings of suspension roasting magnetic separation in Jiuquan Iron and Steel Co.，Ltd.，the properties of tailings and the preparation of cementitious materials were studied. The results show that the main component of the tailings is SiO2，with content of 41.11%，fol‐ lowed by iron，with content of 14.61%，the content of Al2O3 is 2.69%，and the content of CaO is 5.28%， which belongs to low silicon and low aluminum type low activity slag. When the ratio of cementitious materi‐ al is 30% of suspended roasting magnetic separation tailings，55% of cement and 15% of slag powder，mi‐ cro-activator is added for chemical activation. The activator sodium fluoride content is 4% of the cementi‐ tious material，the coagulant aluminum sulfate content is 4%，and the reinforcing agent glass fiber content is 5%. The fine tailings of Baixiangshan concentrator are used as aggregate to carry out tailings cementation test. Under the condition of cement-sand ratio of 1∶4 and solid mass concentration of 66.67%，the compres‐ sive strength of mortar test block at 3，7 and 28 d is 2.02，2.60 and 3.55 MPa，respectively，which can meet the requirements of mine tailings filling strength.
    High-speed Excavation Technology Based on Integrated Anchor Drilling Equipment
    MA Qiang
    2025, 41(08):  212-216. 
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    Manual operation for traditional anchor net and cable support is cumbersome and ineffi‐ cient. The layingof metal mesh is difficult to automate，which has become a key bottleneck restricting the ef‐ ficiency and safety of comprehensive mining，greatly limits the further improvement of underground excava‐ tion efficiency. In order to solve the problem of low efficiency in underground coal mine，after analyzing the tunnel excavation process，it was determined that anchor support and metal mesh setting are the main fac‐ tors affecting the speed of tunnel excavation. Therefore，a high-speed excavation technology based on inte‐ grated anchor drilling equipment was proposed. This process is based on the integrated support technology of anchor drilling，which realizes the continuous operation of six independent processes including anchor drill‐ ing，drill rod handling，adding anchor agent，anchor rod setting，anchor agent mixing，and anchor rod pre tightening. With the core technology of automatic spraying of surface protection coating，automatic spraying roof protection is used instead of metal mesh roof protection to achieve automatic operation of underground tunnel roof protection. Accurate monitoring of tunnel deformation in low light and high dust environments has been achieved through dynamic monitoring technology for tunnel deformation. The industrial application underground shous that the new high-speed excavation technology has achieved continuous operation of un‐ derground roadway support while ensuring the safety of underground operations. It can reduce the installa‐ tion period of anchor rods by 44.2%，reduce the number of simultaneous operators by 66.7%，and increase the excavation speed of tunnels by 31.8%，greatly promoting the development of underground high-speed excavation technology.
    Experimental Study on Adsorption of Diatomite to Polymetallic Mineral Processing Wastewater
    ZHANG Jinghui XU Daogang LONG Bing LU Bin LIU Jie GUO Yuanfa
    2025, 41(08):  217-220. 
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    The adsorption effect and mechanism of diatomite on COD and heavy metal manganese ions in wastewater were discussed by taking the multi-metal beneficiation wastewater of Shizhuyuan in Hunan as the object. By comparing the treatment effects of different adsorbents (activated carbon，D401 chelating res‐ in，alumina，diatomite)，it was found that diatomite had the highest COD removal rate (more than 60%) and good adsorption capacity for manganese ions. The results of further optimization of adsorption conditions showed that the effect was the best when the diatomite dosage was 7.5 g/L，pH=8 and reaction time was 60 min. The kinetic analysis showed that the adsorption process of COD and manganese ions by diatomite was more in line with the pseudo-first-order kinetic model，indicating that it was mainly physical adsorption. Studies have confirmed that diatomite，as a low-cost，efficient and environmentally friendly adsorption ma‐ terial，has significant application potential in the treatment of multi-metal beneficiation wastewater，and provides a feasible solution for wastewater reuse.
    Research on Classification Model of Ground Objects in Airborne LiDAR Point Cloud Mining Area Based on PointNet++
    YAN Long
    2025, 41(08):  221-225，233. 
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    Aiming at the problems that traditional point cloud classification methods cannot extract deep features，have low automation and complex processes，based on the deep learning segmentation algo‐ rithm PointNet++ network，experimental analyses are conducted respectively on the publicly available air‐ borne LiDAR point cloud test dataset of LASDU and the self-made airborne LiDAR point cloud data of the mine. And taking OA，F1 Score and Avg F1，etc. as evaluation indicators，the analysis，comparison and evaluation with PointNet and PointCNN are carried out. The research shows that，in terms of public datasets， PointNet++ achieved the best classification results in three out of the five categories of ground objects，and the results in the other two categories are also close to the best. Moreover，in terms of overall classification performance，The OA and Avg F1 of PointNet++ have increased by 2.77，1.59 percent points and 2.32，0.87 percent points respectively compared with PointNet and PointCNN. In terms of the classification of self�made mining area feature datasets，the OA evaluation index of the PointNet++ airborne point cloud classifi‐ cation method is 71.47%，and the Avg F1 evaluation index is 61.45%，both of which are higher than those of PointNet and PointCNN，especially in the classification of ground points and buildings. Pointnet ++ has achieved the best performance in multiple indicators and has obvious advantages in self-made mining area datasets. It is suitable for complex scenarios with rich structures，can improve the accuracy of airborne point cloud classification，increase the degree of classification automation，simplify the classification process，and provide strong support for the practical application of mining area feature classification. It also provides new ideas and a foundation for the optimization of future ground object classification models and the explora‐ tion of more advanced deep learning architectures.
    Research on Imaging and Identification Methods for Minor Faults in Fully Mechanized Coal Mining Faces
    LIU Shuo
    2025, 41(08):  226-229，238. 
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    Convolutional neural network technology is applied to the identification of small faults in coalfield earthquakes. In view of the characteristics of geological structure gradually revealed in the mining process of coal mines，the accuracy of the model is improved by using dynamically updated training sam‐ ples. The end-to-end three-dimensional fully convolutional network is studied and constructed. The origi‐ nal seismic data，the imaginary part of Hilbert transform and the instantaneous phase sine or cosine four�channel input are used. The learning step convolution layer is used to replace the traditional pooling opera‐ tion to retain the detailed features，and the exponential linear unit activation function is introduced to en‐ hance the nonlinear mapping ability. In the verification of the 110905 working face，the three fault areas ex‐ plained by this method were verified by mining，and 29 faults were exposed，including 11 faults with a drop greater than 1 m. The main faults of DF6 and DF12 and their associated structures were clearly identified， which were highly consistent with the location of the exposed faults. The results show that this technology sig‐ nificantly improves the accuracy of small fault identification，but in complex geological structure areas，it is still necessary to further optimize the network structure and multi-source data fusion strategy.
    Study on Purification Technology of 4N8 Grade High Purity Quartz Sand for Inner Layer of Quartz Crucibles
    QIAN Youjun
    2025, 41(08):  230-233. 
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    Taking a domestic vein quartz ore as raw material，aiming at the purity requirement of high purity quartz sand（4N8 grade，SiO2 content≥99.998%）for the inner sand of quartz crucible，a "surface-in‐ side" echelon impurity removal process route was proposed. Through the synergistic purification of crushing and screening-one-step acid leaching-roasting water quenching-two-step acid leaching-chlorination roast‐ ing-water leaching process，the removal effect of step-by-step acid leaching on different forms of impuri‐ ties was systematically explored. The results showed that one-step acid leaching（hydrochloric acid + sulfu‐ ric acid + hydrofluoric acid mixed acid）can effectively remove surface free impurities and mineral structure impurities，and increase the purity of quartz sand to 99.97%. Roasting water quenching（1 150 °C）com‐ bined with two-step acid leaching significantly reduced the content of fluid inclusions and lattice impuri‐ ties，and the total content of impurities decreased to 53.19 μg/g. Finally，the alkali earth metals & alkaline earth metals were converted into volatile or soluble chlorides by chlorination roasting（1 200 °C）. The total impurity content was further reduced to 15.87 μg/g，and the purity of SiO2 reached 99.998 4%. The 13 impu‐ rity elements of the product fully meet the requirements of GB/ T 45823-2025，and meet the standard of American silicon-based photovoltaic grade product（IOTA-CG）. The research results provide a reliable technical path for the large-scale preparation of 4N8 high-purity quartz sand by domestic vein quartz ore， which is of great significance to break through the international monopoly and ensure the supply of key raw materials in the photovoltaic industry.
    Upgrading and Transformation of Closed Reservoir Flood Regulation Capacity of Aoshan Total Tailings Reservoir
    TAO Xiumei LUO Changhai WANG Jiulin SHEN Yan ZHANG Wenbin
    2025, 41(08):  234-238. 
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    To enhance the safety and reliability of tailing reservoir after closure and strengthen their safety management，take Aoshan General Tailings Reservoir as the engineering carrier.It constructs an intrin‐ sic safety enhancement technology system based on multi-factor synergistic optimization in response to the core problem of upgrading the flood prevention capacity after closure. Combined with the topographic charac‐ teristics of the reservoir area，“one side of the mountain，three sides of the dam”，under the premise of meet‐ ing the specifications and design requirements of the tailing reservoir，the comprehensive management meth‐ od of beach slope remediation and surface drainage ditch construction is adopted.The beach surface is graded according to a slope of 0.5% to 2%，sloping downhill toward the surface drainage ditch and drainage well ar‐ ea；four new drainage ditches are constructed on the beach surface，with the slope of the bottom of the ditch designed at a rate of 0.35% to 1.5%. After the implementation of the project，it has been verified that the con‐ struction of the beach drainage ditch can enable the rapid collection and discharge of rainwater，reduce the residence time of rainwater on the beach surface，prevent the retention of precipitation on the beach surface， and achieve the effect of reducing seepage and lowering the infiltration line of the dam body. The reservoir flood control capacity is 463 700 m3 ，an increase of 56% compared with the pre-rehabilitation period，which effectively improves the flood control capacity of the tailings reservoir；the maximum rise in flood level is 1.15 m，the maximum discharge flow rate is 24.32 m3 /s，and the calculated safe over-height is 3.05 m. The res‐ ervoir's flood discharge capacity has been upgraded from the upper limit of the third-grade reservoir（500 a） to the upper limit of the second-grade tailings reservoir（1 000 a）. The practice of this project confirms that the safety performance of the tailings reservoir has been further improved through the relevant technical transformation，which is conducive to the safety management of the tailings reservoir after its closure.
    Application of Three-dimensional Pressure Monitoring and Early Warning System for Mining Ground Pressure in a Mine
    ZHONG Lianqiang
    2025, 41(08):  239-242. 
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    Repeated disturbances during mining have led to frequent occurrences of ground pressure disasters such as roof falls and collapses in mines，seriously affecting the normal and safe production of mines. The research analyzed the mechanical behavior，disaster evolution process and characteristics of ground pressure disasters in mines，expounded the necessity and basic principles of three-dimensional pres‐ sure monitoring in mines，and introduced the relevant practices of three-dimensional pressure monitoring in a certain super-large iron mine in Fujian. Research shows that the mining movement leads to the continuous increase of the pressure of the original pressure transfer and concentration in the stope acting on the pillar. The original pressure transfer is prone to gradually increase the pressure level of the rock mass concentrated at the top of the pillar，and the strength of the rock mass gradually decreases. Along with the pressure trans‐ mission from top to bottom，it causes frequent occurrence of ground pressure disaster accidents such as side slabs，roof falls，and collapses in the mine roadway，which damages the integrity of the ore body. This is one of the common causes of the instability of surrounding rock in mines. Strengthening the three-dimensional pressure monitoring of pillars around the stope is the most direct and effective monitoring method for the pre‐ vention and control of ground pressure disasters in mines. Three-dimensional real-time pressure monitoring is an active monitoring method for ground pressure，featuring mature technology and relatively low cost. It can directly display the magnitude and direction of the main pressure acting on the rock pillar，the degree of ground pressure hazard，and the safety status of the stope. Three-dimensional pressure monitoring methods
    can be applied to old goaf areas and have good applicability to the surrounding rock of mining sites with fre‐
    quent changes in ore and rock media，which can maximize the time for disaster early warning. Through ex‐
    tensive ground pressure monitoring at the case mine site，it was found that the maximum principal pressure
    was mainly in the WN direction，and the inclination Angle tended to be horizontal. In the area where the
    mine was monitored，there were 8 places with yellow ground pressure hazard level，1 place with orange lev‐
    el，and no red level was observed. After the implementation of ground pressure monitoring，no ground pres‐
    sure safety accident has occurred. The goal of "early detection，preventable，early warning，prompt response
    and safety guarantee" for the prevention and control of ground pressure disasters in mines has been
    achieved，effectively ensuring the safe and orderly production of mines. The research results have certain ref‐
    erence significance for the safe production of mines and the efficient exploitation and utilization of resources.