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    15 April 2024, Volume 40 Issue 04
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    New Measures for Annual Index Management of Magnesite in Liaoning Province
    HAN Yu
    2024, 40(04):  1. 
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    In order to solve the excess capacity of magnesite industry caused by the imbalance of mag⁃
    nesite ore supply in Liaoning，the price of magnesite ore and magnesite products should be increased.In
    view of the previous problems in the process of ore supply management which lead to the imbalance of mag⁃
    nesite supply，such as over-index mining，lack of flexibility in index management，lack of binding force in
    index management，and lack of functions of competent departments are six new measures to achieve effec⁃
    tive supervision and management of indicators by improving the scope of index management，scientifically
    determining annual indicators，coordinating the disposal of stock magnesite，adjusting the structure of ore
    supply，accelerating the construction of regulatory service platform，and strengthening supervision and law
    enforcement，which effectively solve the imbalance between supply and demand of magnesite ore，and real⁃
    ize the high-quality development of Liaoning magnesite industry.
    Supply and Demand Situation Analysis and Guarantee Degree Study of Iron Ore
    in Anhui Province
    CAO Liang PAN Qian MA Lianxin LYU Jianwei ZHA Zhongjian SHANG Defeng SONG Yang
    2024, 40(04):  4. 
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    In order to understand the demand and guarantee degree of iron ore in Anhui Province，the
    resource reserves of iron ore in Anhui province is identified and the production data of iron ore，pig iron and
    crude steel in recent years were comprehensively counted. The elastic coefficient method and regression
    analysis method were used to analyze the demand，and it was predicted that the demand of iron ore in Anhui
    Province in 2025 was about 122 million t，and in 2030 it was about 143 million t. With the studing and ana⁃
    lyzing of the iron ore production and reserves，it shows that the iron ore resources in Anhui Province are seri⁃
    ously insufficient，and some measures to ensure the safety of iron ore resources supply are put forward ，such
    as strengthening the exploration of iron ore resources，optimizing the ore deposit as soon as possible，promot⁃
    ing international cooperation in an all-round way，and establishing the iron ore resource reserve mechanism.
    Application of Intelligent Algorithm Based on Machine Vision in Mine Safety Monitoring System
    LU Shaobo
    LU Shaobo
    2024, 40(04):  10. 
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    In the mine safety monitoring system，the traditional manual detection method has been dif⁃
    ficult to meet the needs of modern mines.By discussing the application of intelligent algorithm based on ma⁃
    chine vision in mine safety monitoring system，the key technical requirements of mine safety monitoring sys⁃
    tem are analyzed，and the development suggestions are put forward.It is found that the current intelligent al⁃
    gorithm based on machine vision is mainly limited by environmental conditions in the application of mine en⁃
    gineering，and it faces challenges in real-time detection and accuracy of data processing.A multi-modal sen⁃
    sor is proposed to obtain more comprehensive data to enhance environmental perception.Lightweight network
    models such as MobileNets and ShuffleNets are added to the model to reduce the number of model parame⁃
    ters.By using the pan-connected compatible cooperative control system，multiple algorithms are run at the
    same time for comprehensive analysis to enhance the generalization ability of the system.
    Intelligent Transformation and Application of Transport Electric Locomotive in Miaogou Iron Mine
    MENG Xin ZHANG He
    2024, 40(04):  13. 
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    Aiming at the problems of low intelligent level，large number of workers and high labor in⁃
    tensity of the original electric locomotive transportation system in Miaogou Iron Mine，the intelligent trans⁃
    formation of the existing electric locomotive system is carried out.The intelligent system of electric locomo⁃
    tive is constructed，including electric locomotive network system，vehicle anti-collision system，video mon⁃
    itoring system，signal centralized closed control system，chute remote loading system，unloading station
    control system and traction substation power monitoring system，so as to realize remote control of electric lo⁃
    comotive loading and unloading and ore transportation operation.Through field practice，the system effective⁃
    ly reduces the number of operators and operation and maintenance costs，while greatly improving safety.
    Application of Intelligent Monitoring System in Coal Mine Rescue Work
    SHI Jun
    2024, 40(04):  17. 
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    Under the background of building intelligent mines，intelligent monitoring system has be⁃
    come a key tool to improve mine safety and rescue efficiency.This paper analyzes the current situation of
    mine rescue and the importance of intelligent monitoring system，and discusses the application and key tech⁃
    nology of intelligent monitoring system in mine rescue work.The key application technologies of intelligent
    monitoring system in mine rescue work include data acquisition and sensing technology，data processing
    and analysis，artificial intelligence and machine learning，communication technology，edge computing and
    cloud computing.The intelligent monitoring system greatly improves the safety and efficiency of mine rescue
    through real-time data analysis，efficient decision support and personalized training.Future research should
    focus on the effective combination of emerging technologies and traditional rescue methods to achieve scien⁃
    tific，safe and efficient rescue goals.
    Research on Automatic Ore Drawing Technology of Cylindrical Silo in Nanshan Mine
    YANG Xiaojiang WU Tongming HE Xianwen WANG Hebing HUANG LijunCHEN Zongyuan DING Wanchun
    2024, 40(04):  21. 
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    The ore loading mode of the electric locomotive in the cylindrical silo of Nanshan Mine is
    that the driver of the electric locomotive is responsible for controlling the self-turning of the ore loading，and
    the ore drawer in the central control room of the cylindrical silo is responsible for observing whether the self⁃
    turning is completed and ore drawing. The process is greatly affected by human factors and the efficiency is
    low.To this end，based on wireless network transmission and computer control technology，an automatic ore
    drawing system for electric locomotives in cylindrical silo is designed to optimize the ore drawing process in
    depth and realize the autonomous alignment and ore drawing of electric locomotive drivers.The system effec⁃
    tively avoids problems such as poor communication and buried channels，which greatly improves labor effi⁃
    ciency.At the same time，the automatic ore drawing system has self-diagnosis function，which can find and
    deal with system problems in time.
    Applications and Challenges of Intelligent Mineral Processing
    ZHOU Tong
    2024, 40(04):  24. 
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    In order to improve the intelligent level of mine production and promote the deep integra⁃
    tion of automation technology and mineral processing technology，aiming at the multiple challenges of im⁃
    proving production efficiency，reducing energy consumption and optimizing process control in mineral pro⁃
    cessing production，the mainstream implementation schemes of current automation technology in ore crush⁃
    ing，grinding，flotation，dehydration and tailings treatment are introduced in detail. Then，the PID control
    algorithm，fuzzy control algorithm，neural network control algorithm，expert control algorithm and optimiza⁃
    tion control algorithm for intelligent mineral processing are introduced. It is pointed out that artificial intelli⁃
    gence，5G technology，big data and cloud computing，and Internet of things technology will be the main de⁃
    velopment directions of automation technology in intelligent mineral processing in the future，and develop⁃
    ment suggestions are put forward for the challenges and opportunities faced by automation technology in in⁃
    telligent mineral processing.
    Construction Practice of Intelligent Mine in Taigang Mining Industry
    YUAN Zhiping
    2024, 40(04):  28. 
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    In order to explore the effective ways and methods of intelligent construction of metallurgi⁃
    cal mines，in view of the problems existing in the development background of metallurgical mines and the
    implementation of intelligent mine construction，such as the integration and integration of systems，the min⁃
    ing and application of system data value and the unreasonable technical framework of integrated manage⁃
    ment and control application，combined with the construction practice of intelligent mines in Taiyuan Iron
    and Steel Mining Co.，Ltd.，studies the planning and design of intelligent mines，the integration and upgrad⁃
    ing of information management platform，the intelligent upgrading of equipment and the establishment of in⁃
    telligent mine management index evaluation system. It is concluded that scientific planning and design，full
    application of modern new technology，and identification of entry points and important starting points. Estab⁃
    lishing and improving the construction of intelligent mine management evaluation index system is an effec⁃
    tive way and method to steadily promote the construction of intelligent mines and realize the intelligent trans⁃
    formation and high-quality development of metallurgical mines.
    Digital Twin Based Practice of Establishing Information Physical System in Grinding
    and Magnetizing Workshop of Guanbaoshan Iron Mine
    GAI Junpeng LIU Chunhui HU Jian DING Jianing ZHANG Xingfan
    2024, 40(04):  35. 
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    In recent years，intelligence has become the trend of the times，in order to adapt to the
    "new normal" of mining development，China's mining enterprises are vigorously pursuing industrial up⁃
    grading to meet their own high-quality development goals. At present，our country is still in the primary
    stage of condition monitoring and operation and maintenance of ore dressing grinding and magnetic equip⁃
    ment，in order to improve the efficiency and reliability of ore dressing and magnetic equipment，for predic⁃
    tive maintenance can not be implemented in a timely manner and other key scientific issues，the use of
    digital twin technology to establish the Guanbaoshan plant grinding and magnetic workshop of the informa⁃
    tion physics system，the data mapping relationship between the digital space and the physical space is
    sdudied accordingly. Based on the operation mechanism of the ore dressing and grinding magnetic equip⁃
    ment，the operation model of the ore dressing and grinding magnetic equipment in digital space was estab⁃
    lished，and the unmanned inspection and automatic inspection at the site were realized for the reference of
    related researches.
    Rare Earth Mineralization Characteristics of Different Iron Ore Types in a Deposit
    in Inner Mongolia
    YAN Zhao GUO Bin MENG Wenxiang YUAN Xingyu HONG Guomin JIA Ruimin HOU Xinyu TIAN Ji YANG Jinjun
    2024, 40(04):  41. 
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    In order to clarify the relationship between different iron ore types and rare earth mineraliza⁃
    tion characteristics of a deposit in Inner Mongolia，based on the basic analysis data of rock/ore types and
    rare earth and iron exposed by massive and systematic exploration projects in the mining area，the iron and
    rare earth resources are further classified on the basis of the existing iron ore classification.A total of 6 differ⁃
    ent types of iron-rare earth ore types were divided，and the metallogenic scale，intensity and spatial distri⁃
    bution characteristics of rare earth in each type were characterized.Studies have shown that there are great
    differences in rare earth mineralization and enrichment intensity in different types of iron ores，and the scale
    of rare earth mineralization and enrichment in the shallow part is greater than that in the deep part.There is a
    certain correlation between rare earth and iron mineralization in spatial output，but it is not formed by fluid
    mineralization in the same system.
    Geological Characteristics and Genesis Analysis of Erdaohe Iron Deposit
    in Dahongshan Mining Area
    FU Wenchun HUANG Jinlong BAO Zengzhi QIU Chengfu
    2024, 40(04):  46. 
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    Drilling，pit exploration，sampling，hydraulic ring geological survey and other geological
    work were carried out in the mining right of Erdaohe iron mine，and the deposit was systematically exposed
    and controlled.Based on the comprehensive analysis of the survey results，it is considered that the ore-bear⁃
    ing strata of the Erdaohe iron deposit are the Hongshan Formation of the Dahongshan Group，and the ore⁃
    bearing surrounding rock is the metamorphic sodium lava. The occurrence of the ore body and the formation
    are obviously similar.The ore body is characterized by slow up and steep down，the thickness change is com⁃
    plex，and the complexity of the internal structure of the ore body is medium.The deposit belongs to the sub⁃
    marine volcanic sedimentary-metamorphic transformation type deposit，which is formed by the submarine
    volcanic eruption and formed by the later metamorphic transformation and enrichment.It is considered that
    the contribution of diabase intrusion to the mineralization of Erdaohe iron deposit is two-way，which is not
    only beneficial to mineralization，but also has a certain ore-breaking effect on the formed iron deposit，but
    the metallogenic effect is greater than the ore-breaking effect.
    Geological Characteristics and Genesis Analysis of Jidu Marble Deposit in Huaping County，
    Yunnan Province
    YANG Jichun
    2024, 40(04):  51. 
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    The Jidu marble deposit is located in the northern part of the Yanyuan-Lijiang passive con⁃
    tinental source of the Yangtze block. The structure is not well developed，the magmatic activity is strong，
    and the metamorphism is weak.Through the analysis of regional geological background and geological charac⁃
    teristics of the mining area，the geological characteristics and genesis of the deposit are determined.Two mar⁃
    ble ore bodies are delineated in the mining area. The ore-bearing strata are the Yangxin Formation of the
    Middle Permian. The ore body is large in scale and stable in thickness. Porcelain white marble，beige mar⁃
    ble and silver gray marble are developed.Combined with the metallogenic geological conditions and ore min⁃
    eral characteristics of the deposit，it is considered that the deposit belongs to marine chemical and biological
    sedimentary marble deposit，and the ore-bearing layer has great prospecting potential in the northeast exten⁃
    sion direction.
    Study on the Properties of F8 Fault and Prediction of Prospecting Potential of No.8 Vein in Wangu
    Mining Area of PingjiangCounty，Hunan Province
    JING Jiangge WANG Meng
    2024, 40(04):  54. 
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    Wangu mining area is an important deposit in the gold metallogenic belt of northeast Hu⁃
    nan. The different sizes of faults and faults strictly control the ore body shape and occurrence position of
    each vein in the mining area.In the past，the research on the faults in the mining area was mostly concentrat⁃
    ed on the NW-trending ore-bearing faults，while the research on the NE-trending F8 fault as the ore-con⁃
    trolling structure in the mining area was insufficient.In order to further explore the influence of F8 fault on
    the metallogenic structure of the mining area，starting from the unknown fault in the underground -380 m
    middle section project，the geometric model and data comparison method are used to verify that the fault is
    the extension of the surface F8 fault in the underground part.The study shows that the F8 fault may be a
    right-lateral reverse fault，and it is formed in the same period as the northeast-trending fault around it，
    which together acts as the ore-controlling structure formed by the ore veins in the mining area.The hanging
    wall traction fold is affected by the fault structure and can often form joint veins.The research is of great help
    to improve the resource reserves of the mining area and improve the prospecting efficiency.
    Metallogenic Regularity and Prospecting Criteria of Honglongchang Copper Deposit in Yuanjiang
    County，Yunnan Province
    HUANG Shaoming
    2024, 40(04):  58. 
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    Honglongchang copper deposit is one of the important metal deposits in Yuanjiang copper
    deposit area. The geotectonic location is located on the northeast side of the Honghe deep fault in the Sich⁃
    uan-Yunnan platform anticline.Based on the previous research results，combined with the new progress of
    exploration and research in the mining area in recent years，by combing the regional metallogenic back⁃
    ground and geological characteristics of the mining area，in order to obtain new understanding in the metallo⁃
    genic regularity of the deposit.The research shows that the metamorphic rock series and complex structural
    pattern of the regional Kunyang group provide extremely favorable metallogenic background conditions.The
    Honglongchang copper deposit is strictly stratabound. The ore bodies mainly occur at the bottom of the milky
    dolomite or overlying gray dolomite in the second member of the Luoxue Formation.The secondary folds and
    secondary faults of the Qingyang fault in the mining area control the distribution of strata and mineralization，
    providing thermal dynamic conditions and occurrence space for mineralization.The deposit is mainly formed
    in the oxidation-reduction environment，and the minerals are mainly accumulated in the low-lying areas of
    the weak reduction environment，which belongs to the typical sedimentary-metamorphic-modified layered
    copper deposit.The ore-bearing strata and strong tectonic activities in the mining area can be used as impor⁃
    tant prospecting indicators. The next step should be to strengthen the geological prospecting work on the foot⁃
    wall of the F3 fault and the deep edge of the northeast section of the main ore body.
    Research on Distribution Regulation of Phosphorus Resources in CaojiagouTailings Reservoir of
    Haikou Phosphate Mine, Yunnan Province
    YU Can, ZHOU Han, FU Jun, MEI Kaipin FENG Zhihong
    2024, 40(04):  63. 
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    There are abundant 'secondary resources' in the tailings discharged from mining and bene⁃
    ficiation. With the increasing demand for mineral resources, the recovery and reuse of tailings associated re⁃
    sources has become a research hotspot.In order to find out the distribution law of mineral elements and re⁃
    source reserves in Caojiagou tailings reservoir of Haikou Phosphate Mine, based on detailed field geological
    survey and drilling engineering exposure, the potential economic value of Caojiagou tailings reservoir was
    evaluated by DIMINE three-dimensional mining software.The results show that: The content of phosphorus
    in tailings has a certain stratification phenomenon with the change of depth, showing a significant 'secondary
    enrichment' phenomenon, showing good industrial utilization potential.Based on the systematic collation of
    laboratory data, the geological database of Caojiagou tailings reservoir was constructed. It was concluded that
    the grade of P2O5 in tailings was normally distributed, with an average grade of 11.23%.On the plane, the tail⁃
    ings resources are fan-shaped from the discharge port to the outside, and the grade of phosphate rock gradu⁃
    ally decreases from the discharge port to the center of the dam area, showing significant strata control in the
    vertical direction.The P2O5 grade is used as a regionalized variable to construct a variogram model. The analy⁃
    sis shows that the enrichment law of P2O5 grade in the plane is more significant than that in the vertical direc⁃
    tion, and the distance power inverse ratio method is used to estimate the tailings in the reservoir area. The
    amount of ore is 1.186 3 million tons, which has the potential for resource recovery and reuse.
    Metallogenic Conditions and Metallogenic Model of Shiganghe Tin-Tungsten Deposit
    in Yunnan Province
    SHEN Liang JIANG Yongguo ZHENG Yizhou YANG Jinfu LIANG Xingyu
    2024, 40(04):  69. 
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    The Shiganghe mining area is generally held between the Nujiang fault zone and the Lan⁃
    cang River plate junction zone. On the basis of systematically collecting the geological data of the mining ar⁃
    ea，combined with detailed field geological survey work，the metallogenic geological background of the min⁃
    ing area is systematically determined，and the metallogenic conditions and metallogenic models of the depos⁃
    it are summarized.It is concluded that the spatial distribution of the tin-tungsten ore belt in the deposit is
    controlled by the‘歹’-shaped structural system in western Yunnan. The Shiganghe tin-tungsten deposit is
    generally produced in the interlayer fracture zone，and the spatial location is located in the outer contact
    zone of the Zhibenshan rock mass.The magmatic activity in the area is intense and frequent，and the acidic
    granite from the late Yanshan period to the Himalayan period is closely related to the mineralization of the
    deposit.The geological structure in the mining area is complex. The Zhibenshan anticline，the Shiganghe hor⁃
    izontal fold and the NW-trending fault group jointly control the output of the ore (mineralization) body.The
    deposit is strictly controlled by tectonic-magma-metamorphism，and generally belongs to high-medium
    temperature hydrothermal deposit related to migmatization derived magma.
    Study on Optimization of Stope Structure Parameters Based on EWM-GRA
    Comprehensive Evaluation
    YANG Zhigang ZHOU Fan ZHANG Jianan DONG Jian ZHENG Kui YUAN Mingli, TANG Zhishu YIN Yu,
    2024, 40(04):  74. 
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    In order to achieve the goal of increasing production of an underground phosphate rock，the
    EWM-GRA comprehensive evaluation model was constructed by combining the EWM entropy weight meth⁃
    od and the GRA grey correlation method under the comprehensive consideration of mining safety，technical
    and economic factors. Based on the evaluation model，nine groups of different stope structure parameter
    schemes were analyzed. The results show that the scheme with the route width of 3.5 m and the route height
    of 3 m is the best. From the field practice，the mining volume per meter of the 3.5 m × 3 m stope structure
    parameter scheme is 27.37 % higher than that of the original design scheme，which can achieve the goal of
    increasing production. Compared with the original scheme，the economic benefit of each approach has in⁃
    creased by 28.33 thousand yuan，which is greater than the increased mining cost，indicating that the opti⁃
    mized stope structure parameter scheme is reasonable and feasible. The research results can provide refer⁃
    ence for the design of structural parameters of phosphate mine stope.
    Study on Safety Thickness of Goaf Roof in Open-pit Mining Boundary
    of Daxigou Iron Mine
    LI Youcang WANG Yaqiang ZHAO Yanfeng GUO Jinping LI Zechen WANG Xiaolin WANG Zhao
    2024, 40(04):  79. 
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    The safety of open-pit mining in Daxigou Iron Mine is affected by the residual goaf in the
    original underground mining.In order to ensure the safety of bench mining in the boundary，four theoretical
    calculation methods and numerical simulation are used to determine the safe thickness of the roof in different
    span goafs，and the functional relationship between the safe thickness of the roof and the span of the goaf is
    established.The goaf in the boundary is classified，and the disposal time is determined in combination with
    the safe thickness of the roof of the goaf.The results show that the safety thickness of the roof of the goaf in⁃
    creases quadratically with the increase of the span，and the five mined-out areas that have been discovered
    in the open-pit mining boundary are all Class I mined-out areas that are simple and easy to deal with.At the
    current stage，two goafs should be treated at the elevation of 1 343.9 m. In the future，two goafs should be
    treated at the elevation of 1 368 m，and one goaf should be treated at the elevation of 1 356 m，and the treat⁃
    ment means are blasting collapse.The research results lay a foundation for the safe disposal of goaf in the
    boundary of Daxigou Iron Mine.
    Optimization and Application of Shaft Safety Pillar Based on Rock Mass Quality
    LIU Zhiquan LI Pengcheng, SUN Lijun, LIU Hailin,
    2024, 40(04):  84. 
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    In order to balance wellbore stability and reduce unnecessary waste of resources，based on
    the conventional method of delineation of wellbore safety pillar with rock strata movement angle，the engi⁃
    neering analogy method is used to optimize the size of wellbore safety pillar in the surrounding rock part of
    Grade II rock mass to 80 m，forming a safety pillar with a cylinder at the lower part of the upper platform. At
    the same time，the protective mining measures of controlling the exposed area of the stope roof and stratified
    filling are taken for the optimized overlying resources around the security pillar. The numerical simulation re⁃
    sults show that after mining the surrounding ore body according to the optimized security pillar range，the de⁃
    formation of the surface derrick，the winch room and the inner wall of the wellbore does not exceed the maxi⁃
    mum allowable deformation value，indicating that the optimization scheme is feasible.
    Analysis of Blasting Vibration Law of Uncoupled Charge of a Finished Emulsion Explosive
    TAN Yiming XIE Liangbo, LI Erbao, GU Hongjian,
    2024, 40(04):  88. 
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    In order to reduce the influence of blasting vibration on the surrounding environment of an
    open-pit iron mine，a field test was carried out to compare and analyze the blasting vibration law of 110 mm
    and 170 mm finished emulsion explosives uncoupled charge structure，and the matching scheme of blast
    hole diameter and finished emulsion explosives was optimized. The results show that the air-uncoupled
    charge structure can adjust the energy of the explosion shock wave action zone within a certain range of ac⁃
    tion，weaken the peak stress of the shock wave，and then reduce the peak stress and influence time of the
    seismic wave action zone.With the increase of the distance from the explosion center，the vibration velocity
    of each measuring point shows a trend of significant attenuation of vibration velocity in the near area and
    slow attenuation in the far area.The blasting vibration velocity under the uncoupled charging scheme of 110
    mm finished emulsion explosive is lower，with an average decrease of 25.86%.
    Study on High-efficiency Mining Technology after Secondary Anti-reflection by CO2 Fracturing
    in Outburst Coal Seam Mining Face
    YIN Mingheng GAN Lujun ZHAI Wenjie LI Ming ZHANG Junsheng GUO Shuaifang
    2024, 40(04):  92. 
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    The gas content of No.15 coal seam in Tianchi Coal Mine is high and difficult to extract.
    There is a hidden danger of gas overrun in coal mining，and a coal cutting cycle takes more than 6 h，which
    seriously restricts the mining speed of the working face. In order to improve the mining efficiency，using the
    technical method of CO2 fracturing coal rock，the CO2 fracturing secondary anti-reflection and high-efficien⁃
    cy mining technology of outburst coal seam mining face is proposed. Through the experiment，it is found that
    after CO2 fracturing，the gas emission is reduced by 16.7% on average，and the efficient gas extraction un⁃
    der the condition of dense drilling can be realized，and the mining speed can be improved. The coal cutting
    speed increased from 2.11~2.91 knives/d before fracturing to 3.38~4.59 knives/d，with an average increase
    of 1.63times.
    Feasibility Study on Paste Filling Replacement Mining Technology under Layered Mining
    of Thick Coal Seam
    ZHANG Fuqiang CHENG Liqun YU Liang
    2024, 40(04):  95. 
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    Filling mining is an effective way to liberate the‘three unders’coal，prevent surface sub⁃
    sidence and realize the sustainable development of coal resources.Based on the background of Dongshan Gu⁃
    cheng Coal Mine in Shandong Province，the feasibility of paste filling replacement mining for coal under
    buildings is analyzed，and the optimization measures are put forward.The results show that the implementa⁃
    tion of paste replacement mining filling project can effectively solve the problem of coal mining under build⁃
    ings in Gucheng Coal Mine，alleviate the shortage of coal resources，reduce the impact of surface subsid⁃
    ence，and improve the economic benefits of coal mines.The proposed optimization measures provide techni⁃
    cal reference for similar mines.
    Study on Law of Ground Pressure Appearance and Prevention and Control Measures
    in Fault-bearing Metal Mines
    WANG Jilin
    2024, 40(04):  99. 
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    Fault is a weak link in the stability of goaf in metal mines，and it is also a difficult point in
    the treatment of ground pressure.Taking Jinshandian Iron Mine as the background，based on the field inves⁃
    tigation results，the law of ground pressure appearance in fault-bearing metal mines is analyzed by means of
    microseismic monitoring and numerical simulation.The results show that under the dual action of tectonic
    stress and self-weight stress，the faults near the goaf have a significant impact on the stability of the sur⁃
    rounding rock in the goaf.When the fault is located inside the goaf，it is mainly manifested as local damage
    through the fault roadway，but has little effect on the upper and lower roadways.When the fault is located on
    the hanging wall of the goaf，with the increase of the goaf area or the decrease of the width of the isolated pil⁃
    lar，it will lead to the superposition of the fault and the pillar stress concentration area in the goaf，resulting
    in a large-scale yield failure.The countermeasures of secondary support for local failure of roadway passing
    through fault are put forward.For the large-scale yield of pillars in faults and goafs，the layout of develop⁃
    ment and preparation roadways in stress concentration areas should be avoided as much as possible.The re⁃
    sults of this study can provide a reference for the treatment of ground pressure in fault-containing mines.
    Construction Technology of Shaft Excavation in Caofang Intake Shaft of Zhaozhuang Coal Industry
    JIAO Shuantai
    2024, 40(04):  105. 
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    Combined with the geological conditions of the construction area of Caofang intake shaft in
    Zhaozhuang Coal Industry，the technical scheme of shaft excavation construction is designed. The surface
    soil and bedrock weathering section and bedrock section.During the shaft excavation，the mechanized con⁃
    struction technology of FJD9 C umbrella drill + HZ6 B central rotary rock grab + deep hole smooth blasting
    is adopted，which can improve the efficiency of bedrock excavation.Commercial concrete + bottom unload⁃
    ing bucket + integral formwork is used to realize the support of shaft surrounding rock.The water prevention
    and control technology scheme of ground grouting，wall grouting plugging and drainage is adopted，which
    can meet the needs of wellbore water prevention and control.The engineering practice shows that the excava⁃
    tion scheme adopted in the intake shaft of Zhaozhuang Coal Industry has high construction efficiency，which
    is helpful to shorten the construction period of shaft excavation.
    Research on Continuous Strengthening Control Technology of Roadway Roof Strata
    WANG Xin GUO Hanqing DUAN Changkun MA Fei WANG Lu LIU Lei
    2024, 40(04):  109. 
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    In order to control the stability of roadway roof strata under complex conditions，the support
    scheme was studied with the track roadway of 11503E working face in Zhaizhen Coal Mine as the research
    background. Aiming at the problems of high support density and insufficient support reliability of roadway，
    the continuous strengthening control technology of roadway roof strata is put forward. Based on the continu⁃
    ous strengthening control mechanism of roof strata，a multi-stage thick anchored rock beam strengthening
    support technology of 'one-level normal support-two-level strengthening support-three-level pressure re⁃
    lief and anti-scour' is proposed，and the technical parameters of support are determined. According to the
    performance comparison and practical application with the original support，the optimized support scheme
    can play a better support effect，and can effectively reduce the cost of roadway support，improve the econom⁃
    ic benefits of enterprises，and play a reference role for the control of roof strata in the same type of roadway.
    Design Analysis of Bracing Support for Soft Soil Foundation Pit under Unbalanced Height Difference Site Conditions
    CHEN Wenhua ZHANG Yushan LIU Jifu
    2024, 40(04):  114. 
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    In order to study the supporting scheme of soft soil foundation pit under unbalanced height
    difference field，taking the typical soft soil foundation pit in Zhuhai area as the research background，Midas
    GTS NX finite element numerical analysis software is used to simulate and analyze the three supporting
    schemes，and the supporting design points suitable for unbalanced height difference field are obtained.The
    research shows that the earth pressure on both sides of the soft soil foundation pit with large height difference
    is unbalanced，and the displacement of the deep side foundation pit to the pit is larger under the condition of
    bracing support，and the displacement of the shallow side foundation pit to the outside of the pit can be
    caused.The support form of reinforcement in the pit + active soil reinforcement outside the pile has a signifi⁃
    cant inhibitory effect on the deformation of the foundation pit. If it is combined with the construction mea⁃
    sures of the shallow side excavation first，it is more favorable to further control the deformation of the founda⁃
    tion pit.It is feasible to use finite element numerical analysis software to make decision and selection of dif⁃
    ferent support schemes.
    Analysis of the Influence of Over Excavation on Stability of Soft Soil Foundation Pit
    MA Qin
    2024, 40(04):  121. 
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    In order to study the influence of over-excavation on the stability of soft soil foundation pit，
    combined with the typical case of soft soil foundation pit in Zhuhai area，the influence of over-excavation on
    foundation pit support engineering and foundation engineering is analyzed.Combined with the theoretical cal⁃
    culation，the deformation and bending moment of the supporting structure of the foundation pit under the
    condition of no over-excavation and over-excavation are studied.The research shows that under the condi⁃
    tion of local over-excavation，due to the rheology and thixotropy of soft soil，the displacement of the main
    foundation pit supporting structure will exceed the limit，and even the bottom heave，deep slip and the de⁃
    struction of engineering piles will occur.It is suggested that one or more methods should be combined to en⁃
    sure the safety and stability of the foundation pit，such as widening and deepening the reinforcement in the
    pit，strengthening the mixing pile after the pipe pile and increasing the slope of the pile top.The research re⁃
    sults provide theoretical reference for the over-excavation construction of similar soft soil foundation pits.
    Experimental Study on Microstructure and Thermal Damage Law of Green Sandstone
    at Different Temperatures
    LI Wei LIU Jian ZHENG Jinye XIN Lin WANG Licai SUI Jiancai
    2024, 40(04):  124. 
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    In order to explore the microstructure changes and thermal damage law of green sandstone
    under different temperatures，the apparent morphology and microstructure changes of green sandstone after
    heat treatment were studied by means of scanning electron microscope and other experimental methods.The
    results show that temperature has an important influence on the microstructure of green sandstone.The criti⁃
    cal temperature of the apparent morphological change of the specimen is 400 ℃.When the temperature is
    higher than 600 ℃，the number of microcracks inside the sandstone increases significantly，and the connec⁃
    tivity of the fracture network increases.The increase of microcracks is the most significant at 1 000 ℃.The
    main reason for the change of the microstructure of the green sandstone is that the different properties of the
    internal mineral particles lead to different microscopic changes in different temperature reactions.
    Application Research on a New Type of Molybdenum Collector MK-01 in Separation of
    Molybdenum of Mackeng Iron Tailings
    WANG Lan
    2024, 40(04):  128. 
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    In order to explore the effect of a new molybdenum collector MK-01 on the recovery index
    of molybdenum from iron tailings in Makeng Mining，the laboratory test and industrial test of conventional
    collector kerosene and new molybdenum collector MK-01 were carried out respectively. The results show
    that when the first-stage grinding particle size is -0.074 mm accounting for 65.38%，and the regrinding par⁃
    ticle size is -0.037 mm accounting for 83%，sodium silicate is used as the regulator，sodium sulfite+ zinc
    sulfate is used as the inhibitor，and 2# oil is used as the foaming agent，the molybdenum concentrate with
    molybdenum grade of 44.938% and recovery rate of 66.54% can be obtained in the laboratory closed-circuit
    test by using MK-01 as the collector，compared with kerosene as the collector，the molybdenum grade and
    recovery rate are increased by 0.636 and 2.96 percentage points，respectively. Molybdenum concentrate
    with molybdenum grade of 42.26% and recovery of 62.71% can be obtained by industrial test. Compared
    with kerosene as collector，the grade of molybdenum is similar，the recovery rate is increased by 0.72 per⁃
    centage point，and the dosage of collector is reduced from 52 g/t to 42 g/t. It shows that the new molybdenum
    ore collector MK-01 can replace the traditional molybdenum ore collector in Makeng Mining.
    Experimental Study on Tungsten Recovery from a Low-grade Tungsten-molybdenum Mine
    in Sandaozhuang，Luanchuan County
    CHE Wenfang, WU Di WANG Hongling MIN Xiangchuan
    2024, 40(04):  132. 
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    A low-grade tungsten-molybdenum ore in Sandaozhuang，Luanchuan，Henan contains
    about 0.1% WO3. Tungsten mainly exists in the form of scheelite. Due to the fine grain size of tungsten，the
    variety and complex properties of gangue minerals，it is difficult to recover tungsten. The tungsten recovery
    test was carried out for the low-grade ore. The polysaccharide organic inhibitor LM was used to replace the
    sodium silicatein the tungsten roughing separation，and the collector ZF with relatively good collecting and
    selectivity was used. The low modulus sodium silicate was used in the tungsten cleaning，which reduced the
    consumption of the inhibitor. Finally，the tungsten concentrate with WO3 grade of 31.22% and recovery rate
    of 82.84% was obtained from the feed ore with WO3 grade of 0.097 %，which realized the efficient flotation
    recovery of the low-grade tungsten resource.
    Experimental Study on Mineral Processing of an Iron Ore in Inner Mongolia
    WU Jinxiao WANG Jingang SI Xiaolong WANG Jun GAO Shuanglong HU Jinshuan
    2024, 40(04):  136. 
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    In order to efficiently develop and utilize an iron ore resource in Inner Mongolia，on the ba⁃
    sis of the study of the mineralogical properties of ore technology，the whole process of high-pressure roller
    grinding，wet magnetic separation，tail throwing，tower mill and magnetic separation was carried out. The
    results show that the - 1 mm particle size fine ore was obtained by the high-pressure roller grinding ma⁃
    chine，and the wet pre-separation concentrate with a total iron grade of 36.63% and a magnetic iron grade of
    31.31% was obtained under the condition of 400 mT，and the wet pre-separation concentrate tower was
    ground to -0.030 mm accounting for 95%，and the iron concentrate with an iron grade of 65.78% and a re⁃
    covery rate of 66.22% was obtained by one roughing and one cleaning magnetic separation，and the test re⁃
    sults could provide a feasible process for the iron ore separation.
    Research of HPGR Influence on a Copper Mine Flotation
    YU Wei
    2024, 40(04):  140. 
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    In order to study the influence of subsequent flotation indexes on a low-grade copper ore in
    China by high pressure grinding roller，single factor analysis method was used to carry out high pressure
    grinding roller test，flotation optimization condition test and flotation open circuit comparison test. The re⁃
    sults show that under the conditions of grinding fineness of 65% passing -0.074 mm，calcium oxide dosage
    of 1 000 g/t，MAC-12 dosage of 20 g/t，butyl xanthate dosage of 10 g/t，MAC-12 dosage of 10 g/t，butyl
    xanthate dosage of 5 g/t，one roughing and one scavenging flotation process，the coarse concentrate with cop⁃
    per and sulfur grade of 4.31% and 22.46% respectively and copper and sulfur recovery of 74.382% and
    79.053% respectively can be obtained by conventional crushing product flotation. The copper and sulfur
    grades of the rough concentrate of the flotation of the high pressure grinding roller product are 4.76% and
    23.06%，respectively，and the copper and sulfur recovery rates are 88.137% and 87.082%，respectively.
    The grade of copper and sulfur increased by 0.45 and 0.6 percentage points respectively，and the recovery
    rate of copper and sulfur increased by 13.755 and 8.029 percentage points respectively. It can be seen that
    the copper and sulfur grade and recovery rate of the copper ore can be improved by high pressure grinding
    roller operation.
    Experimental Study on Optimization of Grinding and Mineral Processing of Meishan Iron Mine
    GAN Maowu
    2024, 40(04):  144. 
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    In order to reduce the production operation cost and further increase the ore processing ca⁃
    pacity，the beneficiation optimization test was carried out on the grinding of Meishan Iron Mine. The two pro⁃
    cess schemes of grinding (grinding fineness -0.075 mm accounted for 65%) -floating sulfur-sulfur tail low
    intensity magnetic-high intensity magnetic process（scheme 1）and grinding coarse grinding (grinding fine⁃
    ness -0.075 mm accounted for 50%) -gravity magnetic pulling tailings-gravity magnetic pulling concentrate
    regrinding (grinding fineness -0.075 mm accounted for 65%) -floating sulfur-sulfur tail low intensity mag⁃
    netic-high intensity magnetic separation（scheme 2）were compared respectively. The experimental results
    show that by the process of scheme 2，the iron concentrate with yield of 49.88%，TFe grade of 58.29%，sul⁃
    fur content of 0.20% and TFe recovery of 77.89%，and the sulfur concentrate with yield of 1.81%，sulfur
    grade of 38.11%，TFe grade of 45.44% and sulfur recovery of 49.62% are obtained. The economic and tech⁃
    nical indicators are good，which can provide a basis for actual production.
    Research on Dry Polishing Test of Fine Products from a Mineral Processing Plant
    in Anhui Province
    ZOU Zongbin CHENG Chuanlin HU Huangmao DENG Xiulan FANG Tianran
    2024, 40(04):  147. 
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    The iron grade of raw ore from a concentrator in Anhui is 20.65%，the sulfur content of
    harmful elements is 3.80%，and the phosphorus content is 0.21%. The distribution rate of magnetite，the
    main iron-bearing mineral in the raw ore，is 63.13%. It also contains a small amount of pyrite and iron car⁃
    bonate. In order to improve the grade of the abrasive，reduce the selection ratio and the operation cost of the
    plant，the pre-discarding test was carried out on the finely crushed products of the plant. The results show
    that the optimal process parameters for the discarding of fine products (-16 mm) by dry magnetic separation
    are as follows: the magnetic field strength is 278.66 kA/m，the separation plate distance is 22 cm，and the
    belt line speed is 2.0 m/s.Under these conditions，the total iron grade of concentrate is 22.58%，the tailings
    yield is 24.42%，and the magnetic iron content in the tailings is 2.92%. By simulating the production status，
    the dry rough concentrate was rolled to -5 mm to carry out the tailings discarding test of wet coarse magnetic
    separation. The test results show that after the tailings discarding of dry concentrate by wet magnetic separa⁃
    tion，the grinding grade can be increased to 29.77%，and the abrasive grade can be significantly improved.
    The test results can provide technical basis for process transformation.
    Study on Process Mineralogy and Separation Performance of a Copper and Molybdenum Ore in Peru
    WANG Lizhen
    2024, 40(04):  150. 
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    In order to improve the utilization rate of a copper-molybdenum ore in Peru, a detailed pro⁃
    cess mineralogy study was carried out on the material composition and mineral occurrence state of the ore.
    The results show that the recoverable element Cu content in the ore is 0.65%, of which 96.92% of copper ex⁃
    ists in the form of sulfide, and the Mo content in the ore is 0.01%, of which 91.00% of molybdenum is molyb⁃
    denite. The copper minerals in the ore are unevenly embedded in medium-fine particles, molybdenite is
    evenly embedded in micro-fine particles, and pyrite is unevenly embedded in medium-coarse particles. The
    recommended beneficiation process is as follows: the mixed flotation operation of copper, molybdenum and
    sulfur is carried out under the condition of -0.075 mm 50% grinding fineness to comprehensively recover all
    metal sulfides including copper minerals, pyrite and molybdenite, and then the copper and sulfur separation
    operation is carried out on the mixed flotation concentrate to obtain copper concentrate 1 and sulfur concen⁃
    trate 1 products respectively. After that, the sulfur concentrate product was finely ground to -0.075 mm ac⁃
    counting for 65%, and the copper-sulfur separation operation was carried out again to obtain copper concen⁃
    trate 2 and final sulfur concentrate product. The copper concentrate 1 and copper concentrate 2 are mixed in⁃
    to a comprehensive copper concentrate product, and then the copper-molybdenum separation operation is
    carried out to obtain the final copper concentrate and molybdenum concentrate products.
    Characteristics of Fluorite and Its Inclusions from the Bayan Obo Iron Ore
    SHEN Maosen HAO Meizhen GUO Aifang YU Junfang MENG Wenxiang
    2024, 40(04):  155. 
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    In order to recover fluorite from Bayan Obo iron ore and improve the grade of fluorite con⁃
    centrate，the occurrence state and inclusions of fluorite in Bayan Obo iron ore were determined by light
    sheet method. The results show that the fluorite gangue in Bayan Obo iron ore is a kind of extremely difficult
    ore with fine disseminated particle size. In the area where iron minerals are enriched，the density of inclu⁃
    sions in fluorite can be as high as 2 100 grains/mm2 . Due to the influence of inclusions，the grade of fluorite
    concentrate in Bayan Obo is lower than that of ordinary fluorite ore under the same separation conditions. In
    Bayan Obo iron ore，most of the fluorite particles of -75 μm are concentrated in 30~5 μm，and the particle
    size of 75~30 μm is very small. Further fine grinding to increase the proportion of -30 μm particle size will
    not significantly increase the dissociation degree of fluorite. It is suggested that the production site should be
    organized by 'low quality and high yield'. Under the current grinding particle size，it is more feasible to do a
    good job of 'cleaning'.
    Application of Transient Electromagnetic Method in Advanced Prediction of Water Disaster
    in a Coal Mine Working Face
    WANG Jiangong
    2024, 40(04):  159. 
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    Aiming at the problem of water disaster exploration in a coal mine working face，firstly，the
    hydrological and geological conditions in the area are analyzed. Then，according to the basic principle of
    transient electromagnetic method，the geophysical prospecting scheme of the working face is formulated，
    and the geophysical prospecting results are inverted and analyzed.The analysis results show that the water ac⁃
    cumulation area on the upper part of the working face is located in the strike of 400~1 200 m，which is
    caused by the characteristics of the goaf of the overlying coal seam，which is low in the east and high in the
    west.After drilling，the boundary of the water accumulation area was verified，and the water accumulation
    area was determined to be 420~1 200 m along the strike of the working face. According to the analysis of the
    water outlet characteristics，the water source was determined to be goaf water.The drilling results are basical⁃
    ly consistent with the geophysical results.
    Design of Mobile Mud Purification Equipment for Uranium Geological Drilling
    #br#
    WANG Lin SUN Qibin ZHAO Yanliang LIU Zhongcun SUN Xiaofeng
    2024, 40(04):  162. 
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    The importance of environmental protection requirements and mud performance mainte⁃
    nance in geological exploration has become increasingly prominent，making the standards for mud cleaning
    treatment in uranium drilling construction more stringent.Based on the characteristics of short single-hole
    construction period，high frequency of machine moving and small amount of mud treatment in uranium drill⁃
    ing，a mobile mud purification equipment suitable for sandstone-type uranium drilling was developed.The
    equipment adopts modular integrated design，which is mainly composed of mud collection system，desand⁃
    ing system，automatic control system and so on. It integrates many traditional mud treatment equipment fa⁃
    cilities and processes such as mud collection，purification and discharge，and can realize dragging and walk⁃
    ing. It can effectively save personnel and materials when the machine is relocated in a short distance.The
    field test proves that the equipment has achieved excellent environmental protection and economic benefits
    in the drilling process of sandstone-type uranium deposits，achieved the goal of one-time slurry porous use
    and zero slurry discharge，and improved the drilling quality.
    Method of Constructing Vein Ore Body Model Based on 3Dmine and CAD
    ZHU Min ZHU Feilin, XIE Wei
    2024, 40(04):  166. 
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    Three-dimensional geological modeling has become an important means of geological inter⁃
    face morphology description and deep metallogenic prediction. It is of great significance to improve the effi⁃
    ciency and accuracy of modeling.Based on the section modeling system，taking a copper-zinc mine in Tibet
    as an example，this paper introduces the geological data needed to construct the vein ore body model based
    on the mining engineering software 3Dmine combined with Auto CAD，and the method of constructing a
    large number of sections from two-dimensional to three-dimensional ore body model.The practice shows that
    the method overcomes the problems of complicated and time-consuming work of 2D to 3D conversion of a
    large number of profiles manually.Using two kinds of software to construct the ore body can improve the mod⁃
    eling efficiency，and the modeling accuracy is high.
    Application of Microseismic Monitoring Technology in Safety Management of Ground Pressure Disaster in Dongguashan Copper Mine
    LIU Xiang ZHANG Jun YANG Sujun,
    2024, 40(04):  170. 
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    The underground rock burst disaster in Dongguashan Copper Mine is prominent，especially
    in the back mining column，it is easy to induce roof caving，which brings challenges to the safety manage⁃
    ment of mine ground pressure disaster. Combined with the characteristics of rockburst disaster in Dong⁃
    guashan Copper Mine，the monitoring area was selected to carry out the network design of microseismic mon⁃
    itoring system，and the method of quantitative analysis of rock burst disaster activity based on three-dimen⁃
    sional visualization model space partition was proposed.By analyzing the temporal and spatial distribution
    characteristics of microseismic data and the correlation between microseismic event activities and produc⁃
    tion activities，effective measures for rock burst disaster control are obtained. For example，adjusting the
    working surface to bypass the stress concentration area，optimizing the blasting parameters to reduce the dis⁃
    turbance to the surrounding rock，timely filling and strengthening the support measures in the dangerous ar⁃
    ea in advance.The microseismic monitoring technology can grasp the situation of rockburst disaster in time，
    and then provide a scientific evidences for the safety management of ground pressure disaster.
    Application of Microseismic Monitoring System in Qixiashan Lead-zinc Mine
    WEN Longxin YANG Chenhui JIAO Peng YU Wei HU Jingyun
    2024, 40(04):  174. 
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    In order to grasp the change of ground pressure and the transfer of ground pressure in the
    main section of Qixiashan Lead-zinc Mine in real time，a 12-channel microseismic monitoring system was
    established to monitor the microseismic events in the mining process.According to the monitoring data，the
    law of ground pressure in the monitoring area is analyzed，and the potential safety production risk is evaluat⁃
    ed.The practice shows that when the disturbance factors of the operation are considered，the early warning of
    the microseismic monitoring system in the stope shows that the ground pressure activity reaches the 'active'
    level.In addition，the ground pressure activity is relatively stable and does not reach the early warning limit.
    The ground pressure activity early warning system based on microseismic monitoring has certain practicabili⁃
    ty and accuracy. In the next step，the system layout range will be optimized considering the change of mining
    area.
    Application Analysis of Active Seismic Wave CT Inversion Technology to Predict Rock Burst Risk
    BIAN Ge LI Yu WANG Shaochen HE Junjiang GAO Hongbing
    2024, 40(04):  177. 
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    In order to prevent the occurrence of rock burst accidents，based on PASAT-M CT micro⁃
    seismic detection system，active CT inversion technology was used to detect the unmined area of 309 work⁃
    ing face in Tingnan Coal Mine.According to the detection results，combined with the impact risk assessment
    model，the prediction of the impact risk area of the working face is carried out to guide the subsequent pres⁃
    sure relief and anti-impact work.The coal strata in the detection area are generally in the middle impact risk
    level.The impact risk assessment model considering the seismic wave velocity anomaly coefficient and the
    seismic wave velocity gradient coefficient is used to predict，and the results are basically consistent with the
    actual situation.The combination of active seismic wave CT inversion technology and impact risk assessment
    model can effectively detect the potential impact risk area in the mining area and provide accurate guidance
    for the next stage of pressure relief and anti-impact measures.
    Research on Stress Distribution on Artificial Base and Surrounding Rock
    of Stope with Steeply Inclined and Thin Orebody
    LI Hua RONG Hui HE Rongxing ZHANG Xingyu
    2024, 40(04):  182. 
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    Steeply inclined and extremely thin vein is a common form of ore body in nonferrous and
    gold mines. Most of them are mined by artificial base retention method or cutting wall filling method. It is of
    great significance to study the stress distribution of surrounding rock and artificial base in the process of min⁃
    ing for the design of base parameters and safe mining. Based on the engineering background of the cutting
    and filling stope of a gold mine，the stress variation law of artificial base and surrounding rock during mining
    is simulated and studied. The maximum principal stress and the minimum principal stress of the surrounding
    rock of the upper and lower plates decrease after mining，and the roof stress in the mining area is concentrat⁃
    ed. The vertical pressure at the center of the base is the smallest，and the closer to the upper and lower side
    walls，the more vertical pressure increases. With the increase of mining height，the vertical pressure of each
    part of the base increases and finally shows a convergence trend. The artificial base is mainly caused by
    shear stress failure. The base failure is mainly caused by the shear stress generated by the high-level stress
    of the upper and lower plates that does not act on the same axis. According to the variation law of bulk solid
    pressure and mining stress，it is proposed to use concrete to lay the bottom every 10 m in the stope，increase
    the concrete strength and vertical reinforcement in the artificial base，and improve the shear strength of the
    base，so as to improve the safety of deep stope mining and the stability of the artificial base.
    Risk Investigation and Evaluation of Geological Disasters in Dangtu County Based on ArcGIS
    #br#
    #br#
    TANG Chao
    2024, 40(04):  187. 
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    Geological disaster risk investigation and evaluation is an important method to prevent geo⁃
    logical disasters and reduce risks.Through the combination of quantitative analysis and statistical evaluation
    model by ArcGIS software，the susceptibility，risk and vulnerability of geological disasters in Dangtu Coun⁃
    ty were evaluated，and the risk assessment of geological disasters was carried out accordingly.The survey
    and evaluation results show that Dangtu County can be divided into risk，low risk and risk-free areas of geo⁃
    logical disasters，which account for 1.40%，2.27% and 96.33% of whole county area respectively.The risk
    areas of geological disasters in Dangtu County are mainly distributed in the middle and high hilly areas of
    Baizhu Mountain and the south of Daqing Mountain.The evaluation results can provide technical support for
    regional geological disaster prevention and risk prediction，land space planning and urban construction.
    Study on Influencing Factors of Geological Disasters in Mining Areas Based on CatBoost
    GAO Jiewang, WU Xiaogang, QIN Ke, ZHOU Yuxin, TANG Kai,
    2024, 40(04):  191. 
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    The analysis of the distribution characteristics of regional geological disasters and the influ⁃
    encing factors of disasters is conducive to disaster prevention and mitigation and sustainable development in
    mining areas.Taking Panzhihua City，a steel base，as the research area，471 historical geological disasters
    in the research area were collected，189 main mines were sorted out，and elevation，slope and fault zone
    were selected as analysis factors.The kernel density analysis of geological disasters and mines is carried out
    to study the spatial correlation between the two.On this basis，the CatBoost machine learning method is used
    to quantitatively analyze the influence of each influencing factor on geological disasters in the study area.The
    results show that there is a strong spatial correlation between geological disasters and mines.The nuclear den⁃
    sity and rainfall of mine have the greatest impact on geological disasters，which are 32.00% and 25.10%，re⁃
    spectively，followed by the distance from the railway and active faults to the area. The research shows that
    the mining activities in the study area have a significant impact on the occurrence of geological disasters.It is
    recommended to rationally plan regional mining activities，do a good job in geological disaster monitoring
    and early warning，and promote regional sustainable development.
    Application of Nitrogen Injection Fire Prevention Technology in Goaf of
    Fully Mechanized Mining Face
    SUN Houming
    2024, 40(04):  197. 
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    In order to solve the problem that the residual coal oxidation in the goaf caused by the min⁃
    ing of the working face through the structural area threatens the safe production of the working face，the geo⁃
    logical conditions of the working face，the spontaneous combustion of the coal body and the principle of nitro⁃
    gen injection fire prevention and extinguishing are analyzed，and the nitrogen injection fire prevention and
    extinguishing technology is used to control the goaf.The Fluent numerical simulation software was used to cal⁃
    culate the nitrogen injection position. The interval nitrogen injection was designed at the position of 50 m be⁃
    hind the working face，and the nitrogen injection amount was 2 200 m3 /h.The results show that after the ni⁃
    trogen injection fire prevention and extinguishing measures are taken in the working face，the CO concentra⁃
    tion decreases from 0.009 6% to the highest 0.000 2%，which ensures the safe production of the working
    face.
    Investigation on Water-bearing Characteristics of Stope Filling Body Under the Condition
    of No Filter Well
    XU Wanshou XU Yanfang LU Yugen QIAN Zhengqian
    2024, 40(04):  200. 
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    The filling stope of a copper mine has not been effectively filtered in the early stage，and
    the seepage of water-bearing filling body poses a safety threat to the production of the lower and middle
    stope.In order to find out the water-bearing characteristics of the water-bearing filling body in each middle
    section of the stope，the water exploration hole survey and transient electromagnetic detection were carried
    out，and the hypothesis of different water-bearing states was proposed and verified by the water exploration
    verification hole.According to the water-bearing characteristics，the design scheme of water exploration and
    drainage is formulated.The results show that water mainly exists in the first to third layers of the lowest sec⁃
    tion of the filling body in each middle section of the stope，and there is no water in the surrounding rock of
    the upper and lower plates.The drainage holes are constructed upwards in each mining joint，and the isolat⁃
    ed roof column and the first layered false roof in the upper middle section are penetrated to the interior of the
    stope filling body，so as to drain the water in the stope.This study has reference significance for the investiga⁃
    tion of water-bearing characteristics and safe mining of similar water-bearing filling bodies.
    Three-dimensional Seepage Stability Analysis of a Large Valley Tailings Reservoir
    LI Yueqiang
    2024, 40(04):  204. 
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    The position of saturation line in the dam is one of the important factors for the safety and
    stability of tailings reservoir. Taking a large valley tailings reservoir as the background，the three-dimension⁃
    al seepage numerical model of the tailings reservoir is established by using the seepage analysis in the finite
    element analysis software MIDAS/GTSNX. The three-dimensional seepage field simulation analysis of the
    tailings reservoir dam body is carried out，and the influence of seepage discharge measures on the seepage
    field is considered respectively. The distribution law of saturation line position and hydraulic gradient under
    normal and flood operating conditions is obtained by simulation. The location of the saturation line in the tail⁃
    ings reservoir dam is significantly affected by the drainage facilities，and the reasonable setting of the drain⁃
    age facilities is conducive to the seepage stability of the tailings reservoir.
    Application of Comprehensive Gas Control Technology for Working Face of High-gas Coal Seam
    HU Yaojie SUN Zhiwei
    2024, 40(04):  207. 
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    In order to optimize the layout of working face，improve the recovery rate and alleviate the
    tension of mining and excavation，the layout of working face changed from U + L type to simple single U
    type. According to the occurrence of coal seam and the characteristics of gas emission，on the basis of rea⁃
    sonable ventilation system and sufficient air distribution，comprehensive gas control measures are also ad⁃
    opted. The excavation adopts the technical measures of excavation and drainage + release drilling，and the
    mining adopts the technical measures of unilateral bedding directional coal seam drilling + roof tendency di⁃
    rectional drilling + upper corner buried pipe gas extraction. Through above gas control technology，the gas
    problem in the mining process of single U ventilation working face in high gas coal seam is effectively
    solved，and the economic and social benefits are remarkable.
    Surrounding Rock Support Optimization of Large Section Soft Rock Roof Roadway in a Mine
    LI Zhengwei
    2024, 40(04):  212. 
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    In view of the large deformation of surrounding rock after the original bolt-mesh-cable⁃
    shotcreting support in large section soft rock roadway in a mine，the causes of roadway deformation and fail⁃
    ure are analyzed.The combined support method of bolt-mesh-cable-shotcreting + grouting reinforcement is
    proposed to improve the overall support strength of surrounding rock and control the large deformation and
    roof fall of surrounding rock.Through engineering practice，in the 180 days of monitoring，the deformation of
    surrounding rock is more severe in 30 ~ 90 days，and gradually tends to be stable after 120 days. The maxi⁃
    mum deformation of roof and floor and the convergence of two sides are 192 and 117 mm respectively，and
    the control effect is obvious.
    Analysis and Preventive Measures of Safety Accidents in Mineral Processing Plants
    ZHU Mengyao LUO Huihua XIAO Qingyu LIU Minxin
    2024, 40(04):  216. 
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    Beneficiation is a systematic project to enrich useful minerals，the process is complex，
    large machinery and equipment are often used，and safety accidents occur frequently in the production pro⁃
    cess. In order to reduce the safety accidents in mineral processing plants，the accidents of five major mineral
    processing plants in the country from 2017 to 2022 were statistically analyzed. The main unsafe factors in the
    production process of mineral processing plants were object strikes，mechanical injuries，dust，noise，radio⁃
    active hazards，burns，poisoning，falling from heights，drowning and so on. In addition to the above possi⁃
    ble dangerous factors，there were also dangerous and harmful factors such as lifting injuries，electric shock
    and asphyxiation. It indicates that the centre of gravity of safety accidents in mineral processing plant has
    been shifted from process safety accidents to the direction of machinery and equipment accidents，while the
    factors of machinery accidents are still mainly caused by human factors. Therefore，preventive countermea⁃
    sures are proposed by 4M elements and 5S management for unsafe factors，so as to reduce the occurrence of
    safety accidents.
    Research Status and Application Trends of Electrolytic Manganese Residue Resource Utilization
    GU Haoyu ZOU Zhibin YE Tao LAI Yang WANG Guifang,
    2024, 40(04):  220. 
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    Electrolytic manganese residue has a huge accumulation，low utilization rate and high envi⁃
    ronmental risk. To realize the reduction，harmlessness and resourcefulness of electrolytic manganese resi⁃
    due，the current status of research on the sorting，landfill，chemical treatment and solidification treatment
    technology of electrolytic manganese residue is summarized for the problems of low treatment efficiency of
    electrolytic manganese residue process technology and the difficulty of industrialization of resourceful utiliza⁃
    tion. In addition，an overview of the current status of research on the resource utilization of electrolytic man⁃
    ganese residue，including the ways of valuable manganese metal recovery，construction materials，adsor⁃
    bent materials，chemical fertilizers and other functionalized materials. Among them，the use of electrolytic
    manganese residue to recover manganese and ammonia nitrogen and the preparation of adsorbent materials，
    microcrystalline glass and other functionalized materials are the future research directions for high value⁃
    added products of electrolytic manganese residue，which provide new ideas for realizing the reuse of manga⁃
    nese slag resources.
    Analysis on the Environmental Geological Impact and Ecological Restoration Model
    of Abandoned Mines
    ZHANG Xian'ang BAO Yaqing HUANG Guowei WU Yarui HU Jinsong HUANG Kebin
    2024, 40(04):  226. 
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    During the mining and excavation process of mineral resources，it is inevitable to cause
    damage and pollution to the ecological environment and geological landscape of the mine. With the continu⁃
    ous deepening of green mining construction and sustainable development concepts，it is urgent to carry out
    ecological restoration of abandoned mines that have been mined. In order to provide some reference for mine
    restoration and research work，the current research status of mine restoration has been summarized. This ar⁃
    ticle summarizes the various impacts of abandoned mines on the environment，including terrain and land⁃
    scape damage，land resource damage，aquifer damage，and geological disasters. It is pointed out that evalu⁃
    ating the environmental impact，geological hazard risk，soil and groundwater pollution risk of mines before
    and after mining is an indispensable step. Finally，in response to the multifaceted impact of mines on the en⁃
    vironment，two directions for mine restoration were introduced: restoring the ecological environment after
    mining and restoring mine stability.
    Design Optimization of Aggregate Grading for Coal Gangue Paste Piping Backfill
    BA Lei FU Rui WANG Jing ZHUO Qingfeng CEN Wang XIAO Bolin
    2024, 40(04):  230. 
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    The aggregate grading is a key parameter in the design of cemented paste backfill. In re⁃
    sponse to the problem that original coal gangue is coarse and cannot be directly used for preparing coal
    gangue paste，research on crushed coal gangue grading design and optimization for backfill are performed
    through laboratory experiments and hydration simulation. The results show that the dry density of coal
    gangue sampled on site is 1.614 g/cm3 ，with a specific gravity of 2.518. More than 70% of the particle diame⁃
    ter is greater than 1 mm，belonging to block stones and gravel，and the grading is unreasonable. Using the
    Taibol theory to design the grading of crushed coal gangue，within the Taibol index range of n is 0.3 to 0.7，
    the packing density of the crushed coal gangue has a parabolic relationship with n. When n=0.35，the de⁃
    signed crushed coal gangue aggregate has the maximum packing density of 2.222 g/cm3 ，with fine particles
    below 75 µm accounting for 14.2%，which can meet the preparation standards of the paste. There is a clear
    linear relationship between the Taibol index n and the featured particle diameter，while the relationship for
    curvature coefficient cc and the non-uniformity coefficient cu is not significant. Using VCCTL hydration simu⁃
    lation software，it is verified that the hydration degree of coal gangue paste with the grading of n=0.35
    reached 0.78 after 28 days. The microstructure of the paste was denser，with higher predicted mechanical
    properties，which are related to the filling and nucleation effects of fine particles. The rationality of gradation
    optimization design is verified from the perspectives of indoor experiment and hydration simulation. The
    study provides an important theoretical basis and guiding significance for the design and optimization of coal
    gangue paste fill.
    Experimental Study on Cemented Backfill of Tailings from Reverse Flotation
    of Jinsha Phosphate Mine
    LI Bin DUAN Linsong WU Hongyun LIU Zhongqiang WEI Xiaoming LI Wenchen
    2024, 40(04):  236. 
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    In order to extend the service life of the tailings pond and treating the goaf，it is urgently
    necessary to carry out experimental research on phosphate filling in Jinsha phosphate mine，providing basic
    data for the process design of the backfill system. By sampling of filling materials，the physical and chemical
    properties parameters of phosphate tailings were tested and analyzed. Based on the flow performance，bleed⁃
    ing rate，and filling ratio test of the filling slurry，the influence of factors such as filling concentration and
    sand-ratio on the mechanical properties of the backfill was comprehensively determined. Furthermore，the
    strength growth mechanism of the backfill was analyzed by SEM-EDS microscopic test method. The main
    reason for the strength growth of the backfill was that the cement hydrated to form fibrous C-S-H gel，over⁃
    lapped with fine tailings particles to form a whole，and filled the internal pores of the specimen. The re⁃
    search results can provide reference for determining the cemented filling parameters of tailings in similar
    phosphate mines in China.
    Application of Intelligent Depositing Materials System Transformation
    in Sizhou Mineral Processing Plant
    LIU Aijun
    2024, 40(04):  241. 
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    The distribution of ore bins in mineral processing production directly affects the efficiency
    and level of on-site production. In view of the actual production distribution process，dust affects the moni⁃
    toring of the material level meter，causing the distortion of the material level meter and causing the phenome⁃
    non of full warehouse and empty warehouse，which affects the normal production. It is proposed to use the
    belt scale to monitor the amount of materials in and out of the ore bin，based on which the material level pre⁃
    diction model is established to assist in correcting the monitoring results of the material level meter，and
    then the intelligent distribution decision system is used to control the movement of the trolley to realize the
    scientific and accurate distribution of the ore bin. The practical application shows that after the intelligent
    distribution system is put into use，the system can accurately monitor the material level of each silo，intelli⁃
    gently control the movement of the distribution trolley，and realize the unmanned distribution function.
    There is no full warehouse and empty warehouse phenomenon，which significantly improves the intelligent
    level of the concentrator and reduces the labor intensity of the personnel.
    Exploring Belt Conveyor Fault Prediction and Maintenance Strategies
    BO Yuliang, ZHANG Yikun, ZHANG Qingbo, LI Wenju, LI Lin,
    2024, 40(04):  246. 
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    In order to improve the operation efficiency of the belt conveyor and reduce the downtime
    caused by the fault，the key problems of the fault prediction and maintenance strategy of the belt conveyor
    are analyzed in depth. By comprehensively investigating traditional methods，machine learning techniques，
    and advanced prediction methods based on deep learning，the performance of different methods in fault de⁃
    tection accuracy and early warning ability is compared. The research shows that the traditional method is ef⁃
    fective in dealing with simple faults，and the deep learning method shows significant advantages in dealing
    with complex fault modes and early prediction. The possibility of combining predictive technology to opti⁃
    mize preventive and repairable maintenance strategies is further explored to improve equipment reliability
    and operational efficiency. The importance of adopting data-driven and intelligent maintenance strategies
    were emphasized，and pointed out that the future development trend will focus on using artificial intelli⁃
    gence technology to optimize the maintenance system and realize the efficient and reliable operation of the
    belt conveyor
    .
    Application of Nano Ceramic Ball and Rubber Magnetic Lining Plate in Complex Multi Metal Ore
    Tower Mill
    XIE Rui WEI Huifu HAN Bin HONG Yonghua
    2024, 40(04):  251. 
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    The ore processed of a mineral processing workshop in Dulong mining area of Yunnan Prov⁃
    ince is mainly zinc and tin, accompanied by copper, iron, sulfur, indium, silver and other elements. The min⁃
    eral symbiotic relationship is complex and the dissemination size is uneven. The concentrator adopts stage
    grinding and stage separation process. The first stage grinding is carried out by semi-autogenous grinding +
    ball milling SAB process, and the second stage grinding is carried out by tower mill to regrinding the inter⁃
    mediate products, which realizes the efficient recovery of polymetallic minerals. The tower mill uses bearing
    steel balls and polyurethane liners as grinding media and cylinder liners respectively. There are problems
    such as high power consumption of mill operation, high unit consumption of steel balls, difficulty in starting

    without load, short service life of liners and difficulty in disassembly and assembly. The application of nano⁃

    ceramic balls and rubber magnetic liners in the tower mill of zinc rough concentrate was studied. The con⁃

    tent of -37 μm regrinding particle size of zinc rough concentrate reached more than 75%, and the content of
    -74 μm reached more than 70% in the tower mill regrinding system of cassiterite secondary concentrate and
    cassiterite middling. The grinding effect has been significantly improved. At the same time, the power con⁃
    sumption of the mill is 15% and the unit consumption of the medium is significantly reduced. The service
    life of the liner is more than 5 times that of the polyurethane liner, and the economic benefit is considerable.