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    25 April 2023, Volume 39 Issue 04
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    Exploration on Supervision Methods and Paths of Mineral Resources Development in Zhejiang Province
    SHI Lei , HAN Shuai , ZHANG Ying, LIU Yi , ZHAN Long, ZENG Yong
    2023, 39(04):  1. 
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    In 2021，the National Natural Resources Supervision Agency carried out mineral resources supervision for key provinces within its jurisdiction for the first time. In this paper，the relevant inspection process and method path are established for the three key contents of the approval and registration of mining rights and the comprehensive promotion of competitive assignment，the order of development and utilization of mineral resources，and the implementation of ecological restoration of abandoned open-pit mines.At the same time，on the basis of provincial research and judgment，key cities were selected for on-site inspection to test and improve the method path，and put forward relevant suggestions on the technical difficulties. This study can provide reference for mineral resources supervision in other cities.
    Risk Management and Control of Overseas Ore Procurement for a Copper-cobalt Ore Processing Enterprise
    ZHANG Shuchen, GAO Bangfei, ZHANG Leilei , YAO Gang, CHEN Weikang
    2023, 39(04):  7. 
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    For those companies who purchase ores from overseas mines for processing，it is easy to cause economic losses with poor management due to negative factors such as long ores procurement process， many factors involved，difficulties of management，poor economy and so on. In order to provide guidance for similar companies in risks preventing，taking a company that purchases copper-cobalt ores from overseas mines to produce copper-cobalt concentrate as an example，the experience of effectively preventing and con⁃ trolling the risks of ores procurement by improving management system，clarifying the division of responsi⁃ bilities，implementing separate pile management，verifying sampling and strict internal control management is introduced.
    Analysis of the Influence of Geological Structure on Mining Activities in Luohe Iron Mine
    HE Xiaowen
    2023, 39(04):  11. 
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    In order to efficiently develop mineral resources and ensure mine infrastructure and pro⁃ duction safety，through the analysis and study of the regional geological structure of Luohe Iron Mine，the morphological characteristics of folds and faults in the strata of the mining area are summarized，and the in⁃ fluence of mine geological structure on engineering geology and hydrogeology is analyzed，so as to provide basis for mining engineering design. The tectonic deformation is mainly Yanshanian orogenic movement. The development time of geological structure is F1 series，F3/F4 series，F2 series and fold from early to late，the basement uplift is later than the basement fault. F1 series faults are the main ore-controlling struc⁃ tures，and other faults and folds are formed later than ore bodies. F2 series fracture is the main water chan⁃ nel. The Z1 and Z2 series folds control the fluctuation of the roof and floor of the ore body and affect the sta⁃ bility of the ore rock. The original fracture of parent rock is beneficial to alteration mineralization.
    Analysis of Ore-controlling Regularity of Strata in Dahongshan Iron-copper Deposit， Xinping County，Yunnan Province
    YANG Xinghua
    2023, 39(04):  17. 
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    In order to further clarify the formation mechanism of Dahongshan iron-copper deposit，the previous related results and the geological work results of this deposit are comprehensively analyzed. The analysis shows that: ①The genesis of Dahongshan iron-copper deposit belongs to submarine volcanic erup⁃ tion-transport deposition-metamorphic transformation deposit，which is strictly controlled by stratigraphic lithology，but its metallogenic form is quite different from that of ′in-situ deposition′ deposit near volcanic edifice. ②The Manganghe Formation and Hongshan Formation of Dahongshan Group in the mining area have significant metallogenic specificity. ③Manganghe period volcanic mineralization and Hongshan period volcanic mineralization are two different volcanic metallogenic systems. The Manganghe period is dominated by volcanic exhalation，and the ore-bearing lithology is a local geological unit controlled by volcanic institu⁃ tions. ′Dahongshan′ iron ore is produced inside and near the volcanic structure. The Hongshan period is dominated by central volcanic overflow，and the mineralization is strictly controlled by the intensity of volca⁃ nic activity and sedimentary environment.
    Analysis of Metallogenic Potential of Sandstone-type Uranium Deposits in Zhaosu Basin，Xinjiang
    QIU Yubo, ZHANG Lei, HAO Yize
    2023, 39(04):  21. 
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    The metallogenic potential of sandstone-type uranium deposits in Zhaosu Basin is analyzed to provide a reserve mineral base for Yili Basin. Based on the geological survey of uranium deposits in Zhao⁃ su Basin in recent years，the ore-controlling factors of sandstone-type uranium deposits such as structure， lithology，lithofacies and interlayer oxidation zone are studied，and the metallogenic conditions of sand⁃ stone-type uranium deposits in Zhaosu Basin are analyzed and evaluated. The research shows that the tec⁃ tonic activity of Zhaosu Basin is strong，but there is a relatively stable area in the tectonic activity area， which has the metallogenic conditions of forming interlayer oxidation zone sandstone type uranium deposit. The Jurassic ore-bearing formation is widely developed and distributed in the northern depression zone of the basin to the north of the Adentao Mountain. The Jurassic Xishanyao Formation and Toutunhe Formation sand bodies and interlayer oxidation zones are more developed，and uranium mineralization or uranium anomalies such as Qiulakemeisi are found. The sand body，interlayer oxidation zone and uranium mineraliza⁃ tion are developed in the northern side of the Adentao Mountain and the piedmont area of the northern Wu⁃ zongbulake，and the burial depth is relatively shallow，which can be used as the preferred area for the next exploration and evaluation work.
    Study on Metallogenic Geological Characteristics and Metallogenic Potential of Longtiangou Man⁃ ganese Deposit
    WEI Jun
    2023, 39(04):  26. 
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    The Longtiangou manganese deposit in Lingshou County，Hebei Province has only sparse work on Mn2，Mn3 and Mn5 mineralized bodies，and the direction and depth of the mineralized bodies are unclear. This paper focuses on the geological conditions of Mn2，Mn3 and Mn5 mineralization bodies，and evaluates the metallogenic potential of manganese deposits in this area. There are four mineralized bodies in the Longtiangou manganese deposit，which occur in the Paleoproterozoic Linshan Formation and the Qing⁃ tong Formation. They are layered，lenticular，and angular，which are basically consistent with the occur⁃ rence of surrounding rocks. Mn1，Mn2，Mn3 mineralization bodies have small scale and high grade. The Mn5 mineralization zone is large in scale and low in grade. The analysis shows that the deposit is small and the metallogenic potential is not good. At the same time，it is considered that the prospecting prospect of this type of manganese deposit is not good.
    Analysis of Geological Structure Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of Longtan Gold Deposit in Southern Jiangxi
    WANG Lei
    2023, 39(04):  30. 
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    The spatial occurrence state of gold ore body in Longtan mining area is mainly controlled by SN direction fracture-fault system in the area. Through the analysis of the fracture-fault interspersed cutting relationship in the mining area，it is considered that the SN direction fracture-fault in the area is two groups of X-type torsional fractures with small intersection angle and nearly SN direction associated with the Cale⁃ donian cycle Chengongpai inverted anticline. Under the action of the NE-NNE direction tectonic stress in the Yanshan period，the X-type torsional fractures further expand and penetrate，becoming the ore-bearing structure of the mining area. The EW direction faults in the area were formed in the early Yanshan period and alternately developed with NE-NNE direction faults，mainly pre-mineralization faults. The late Yansha⁃ nian mineralization ended，showing strong fault activity，generating a series of NE-NNE and EW direction destructive fault structures.The fracture-fault structure in the area is characteried by multi-stage，compres⁃ sion-torsion-tension-torsion.
    Engineering Geological Exploration of a Tunnel Based on Audio Magnetotelluric Sounding Method
    LU Xia, TANG Yuxin, WANG Chaojin, WANG Guanghui, YAN Xue
    2023, 39(04):  33. 
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    The economical and efficient audio magnetotelluric sounding method is used to detect the central axis of the tunnel，and then the data are processed by SSMT2000，MTsoft2D and other software. Finally，the electrical structure characteristics of the study area are analyzed by the inverted apparent resistivity profile，so as to speculate the geological structure characteristics，water-rich conditions and spatial distribution of unfavorable geological bodies. Audio magnetotelluric sounding method is sensitive to low-resis⁃ tance anomalies in high-resistance geological bodies in the study area. Low-resistance areas are mostly weak strata such as water-bearing faults or karst caves. Such unfavorable geological bodies are the main targets for research and are of great significance to the development of the project.
    Precision Optimization of Laser Scanning Mapping System in Mine Surveying
    QING Xianhua
    2023, 39(04):  36. 
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    Aiming at the shortcomings of complex surveying and mapping process，low surveying and mapping efficiency and poor accuracy of laser scanning surveying and mapping system in mine surveying， the optimization measures are put forward by analyzing the principle of the problem. The optimization of laser scanning mapping accuracy is realized by using attitude dynamic compensation based on double inclination sensor，high precision correction of external coordinates based on flexible target and high precision measurement system of absolute angle. The practical application shows that the scheme can improve the surveying and mapping efficiency by 74.6 % and make the surveying and mapping accuracy reach 97.6 %.
    Study on the Width of Isolated Pillar under the Lateral Pressure of Caving Rock
    TAN Fusheng
    2023, 39(04):  39. 
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    In order to determine the width of the isolated pillar under the lateral pressure of the caving rock，FLAC3D was used to simulate the stability of five different widths of isolated pillars.Under the action of lateral pressure，there is obvious stress concentration at the bottom of the isolated pillar，and the tensile stress and horizontal displacement on the side of the goaf are significantly greater than those of the twostep pillar.The stress and horizontal displacement of the isolated pillar decrease with the increase of the width，and the critical width to ensure the stability of the isolated pillar is 15 m.Considering the influence of geological factors and blasting vibration，it is recommended that the width of isolated pillar should be 20 m.
    Study on Long-term Stability of Underground Mining in an Anhydrite Mine
    LIU Hailin, LI Hongfei, LI Pengcheng, TANG Zhengxin, CHEN Yi
    2023, 39(04):  43. 
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    In order to study the long-term stability of an anhydrite mine，the whole process of mining is numerically simulated and analyzed by constructing a mining model and using Burgers creep constitutive model. The results show that as the duration of the goaf becomes longer，the horizontal displacement difference and vertical displacement of the goaf in each middle section become larger and larger，the increase range gradually decreases，and the deformation of the surrounding rock tends to be stable. The maximum principal stress value of gypsum mine within 100 years after simulated mining is 21.7 MPa，the maximum vertical displacement of surrounding rock is 35~40 mm，the maximum horizontal displacement in Y direction is 36 mm，and the maximum horizontal displacement in X direction is 26 mm，which are all within the allowable strength and deformation range. The long-term stability of the surrounding rock of the gypsum mine is good，which provides a reference case for the long-term stability analysis of similar gypsum mines.
    Comprehensive Room-pillar Mining and Process Optimization of Gently Inclined Thin Ore Body in Chang'an Gold Mine
    LIU Yongwen, ZHOU Zonghong, ZHANG Junyang, HE Hong, YANG Shidong
    2023, 39(04):  47. 
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    The ore bodies below 1 500 m in Chang′an ore section are slightly inclined-inclined，extremely thin-medium thick ore bodies，with complex occurrence forms and complex mining conditions. According to the geological conditions of the deposit and the economic conditions of mining technology，an improved comprehensive room-pillar method is proposed by combining the advantages of the comprehensive method and the room-pillar method. Based on the results of rock mass quality classification，the empirical formula is used to calculate and analyze the structural parameters of the stope. The reasonable stope span is 8.5~12.5 m，the roof exposure area is 700 m2，the column diameter is 3 m，and the spacing is 6~7 m. The scheme has received good application results and can be used as a reference for similar mines.
    Stress Distribution and Microseismic Activity Law of Island Filling Working Face in Yunhe Coal Mine
    LI Peng, SONG Jiefang
    2023, 39(04):  50. 
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    The advanced abutment pressure of the working face is complicated due to the control of the subsidence of the overlying strata of the roof，and the roof breaking form is also different from the conventional island working face. In order to better control the surrounding rock of the island filling working face，taking the C8301 working face of Yunhe Coal Mine as the background，the change trend of the advance abutment pressure and the deformation of the coal pillar are studied，and the microseismic activity law during the mining process of the working face is also analyzed. The results show that : ①The first weighting step of the island filling working face increases obviously，and the first weighting occurs when the working face advances to about 120 m. ②The overall deformation of coal pillars on both sides of the island filling face is small，which can maintain the relative stability of coal pillars. ③In the mining process of island filling working face，there are obvious characteristics of pressure，but the pressure intensity is much smaller than that of normal island working face. This study provides guidance for the safe mining of deep island filling working face.
    Investigation and Analysis of“Three Rates”Standard for Coal Resource Development and Utilization
    ZHANG Kun
    2023, 39(04):  55. 
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    Taking 2020 as the base period，based on the survey data，the occurrence and development and utilization of coal resources in China are comprehensively sorted out，and the‘three rates’index of coal resources in China is analyzed in depth. The results show that the average recovery rate of coal mining is 86.14%，that of open-pit coal mine is 94.82%，that of processing ratio is 80.60%，and that of coal gangue comprehensive utilization rate and mine water comprehensive utilization rate are 84.54% and 91.54% respectively. The‘three rates’standard of rational development and utilization of coal resources plays a role in promoting the improvement of enterprise technical equipment level，the protection and rational utilization of coal resources，the improvement of mining management efficiency，and the improvement of the utilization rate of associated resources.
    Application of Equipment Recovery Technology in Fully Mechanized Mining Face of Feitian Coal Mine
    SHANG Jinhai
    2023, 39(04):  59. 
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    In order to study the equipment recovery process and process application after mining in fully mechanized mining face，taking 111601 fully mechanized mining face of Feitian Coal Mine as the background，the equipment recovery process and the parameter selection of related equipment in the recovery process are analyzed. According to the actual situation of the mine，a scientific and accurate recovery scheme was formulated，and the fully mechanized mining equipment was determined to be transported from the two routes of the transportation gateway and the return air gateway. Through theoretical calculation and field measurement，the number of winch traction hydraulic support is determined，and the roof and gas are standardized in the recovery process. Different roof support schemes are designed for different roof conditions of the mining face，and the safety technology in the recovery process is summarized.
    Study on Strength Test of Steel Slag-based Cementitious Material and Pipeline Transportation Characteristics of Filling Slurry
    YANG Zhiqiang, WANG Lijie , WANG Sheguang , WANG Fuquan , DENG Yanxia
    2023, 39(04):  62. 
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    The strength test of a new steel slag-based filling cementitious material was carried out with a high-mud tailings as aggregate. Under the same conditions of cement-sand ratio and slurry concentration，the strength of the high-mud full tailings backfill is significantly higher than that of 42.5 cement， and the cost is lower. On this basis，the pipeline transportation characteristics test of high-mud full tailings filling slurry with different slurry concentration and cement-sand ratio was carried out，including the flow parameters and stability parameters of the slurry，and the mathematical model of the pipeline transportation characteristics of the filling slurry was established. The results show that when the slurry concentration increases，the consistency，bleeding rate and stratification of the filling slurry gradually decrease. When the cement-sand ratio increases，the slurry consistency gradually increases，while the bleeding rate gradually decreases.
    Construction Technology and Support Technology of Fully Mechanized Mining Face Crossing Fault
    LI Peng
    2023, 39(04):  66. 
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    During the crossing of F7 fault in 15032 working face of Xinjing Coal Mine，there are technical problems such as large amount of rock breaking and high failure rate of shearer，large amount of residual coal in goaf and broken surrounding rock during crossing fault. The mining scheme of crossing fault is analyzed，and the mining technology of deep hole pre-splitting blasting is put forward，and the combined support of ′grouting reinforcement + JW anchor cable shed′ is adopted for the roof during the working face crossing fault. The application results show that the deep hole pre-splitting blasting method can realize the presplitting effect of fault rock mass in advance，reduce the difficulty of rock breaking of shearer，and reduce the failure rate of shearer from 17% to 4%. After the combined support technology is adopted in the fault zone，the deformation and fragmentation of the surrounding rock are controlled. The end face distance of the roof is reduced to 0.4 m，and the depth of the coal wall is reduced to 0.7 m，which ensures the safe mining of the working face.
    Effect Analysis of New Hollow Steel Pipe Support and Hollow Thread Pipe Support
    FENG Shihua , YAN Yajun
    2023, 39(04):  69. 
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    The supporting effect of the new hollow steel pipe support and the hollow thread steel pipe support on the fracture zone is compared through experiments，which provides a reference for the application of new materials. The test results show that the stress of the new hollow steel pipe support is reduced by 22.2%~28.6% compared with the hollow screw steel pipe，and the range of the loose circle around the support body is reduced by 23.5%~36.4%. During the support period，the support stress of the new hollow steel pipe increases with the increase of the fragmentation zone. The internal filling material has a certain buffer⁃ ing effect，which can inhibit the rapid development of the fragmentation zone and reduce the range of the loose circle. The new hollow steel pipe support technology has more obvious advantages in controlling the deformation of surrounding rock.
    Study on Consolidation Treatment of Deep Soft Foundation in Dump of Open-pit Mine
    ZHAO Mengsheng, XU Wenhan, LI Boyi, WANG Heng
    2023, 39(04):  73. 
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    The reinforcement of deep soft soil foundation is of great significance to the stability of dump slope. Based on the consolidation theory of sand well，the consolidation of deep soft foundation in a dump is studied. The consolidation degree of deep soft foundation under different time and different loading thickness is analyzed. The depth and spacing of vertical drainage system are determined，and the preloading time and layered height of deep soft foundation are optimized. The results show that the average consolida⁃ tion degree under surcharge preloading increases logarithmically with time，while the shear strength of the foundation increases exponentially with the increase of consolidation degree. The stability of the reinforced dump is analyzed by GeoStudio，and the safety factor of the dump is 1.190，which meets the safety requirements. The research results can provide technical support for the drainage consolidation treatment project of deep soft foundation in dump.
    Analysis on the Key Points of Fine Calculation of Mine Dump Stability
    XIA Luqing, WAN Daochun, LI De
    2023, 39(04):  78. 
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    In order to avoid the misjudgment of the stability of the mine dump due to the deviation of the calculation results of the stability of the mine dump，based on the research results of the stability of multiple primary and secondary dumps，the method of combining specific calculation with on-site practice is used to clarify the accurate acquisition of the physical and mechanical parameters of the basement rock and soil layers and dump materials in the dump. The idea of modeling the upper-middle-lower three-zone layered structure of the single step of the dump and incorporating the saturated layer into the calculation within the surface infiltration depth is proposed. The example calculation shows that the stability coefficient calculated by the single-step generalized three-zone layered structure model is reduced by about 2%. The stability coefficient calculated by setting the 10 m depth range of the surface layer of the dump as the transient saturated layer and assigning the physical and mechanical indexes of the saturated material is reduced by about 6%. When both are considered，the stability coefficient is reduced by about 8%. It reflects the real situation of the stability coefficient of the dump，indicating that the fine calculation of the stability of the mine dump is achievable.
    Three-dimensional Seepage Field Analysis of a Valley Tailings Reservoir Based on GTS
    WU Wuhai
    2023, 39(04):  81. 
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    Aiming at the problem of seepage field of a valley tailings reservoir，based on the measured topographic map of the reservoir and the survey data of rock and soil strata，according to the method of terrain generalization，the terrain generator of MIDAS/GTS software is used to import the actual terrain，and a three-dimensional numerical calculation model reflecting the terrain and geological structure characteristics of the tailings reservoir is established. The GTS seepage analysis module is used to simulate the three-di⁃ mensional seepage field of the tailings reservoir，and the spatial distribution position of the tailings reservoir saturation line is obtained. The results show that the geometric shape of the valley tailings reservoir is controlled by the complex terrain of the valley，the boundary shape is complex，and the distribution of the seepage field is relatively disordered. The results of GTS seepage analysis are in line with the actual law and can be used as a reference for engineering.
    Analysis of Support Structure Selection and Control Index of Deep Soft Soil Foundation Pit in Zhuhai Area
    MA Qin , ZHANG Yushan
    2023, 39(04):  85. 
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    In order to study the supporting structure of deep foundation pit under the condition of deep soft soil layer in Zhuhai area，combined with the case of foundation pit，the key and difficult points of foundation pit support are analyzed，and the design points of foundation pit support are clarified. Based on the comparative analysis of the key points of supporting structure design，plane layout，technical economy and construction period，the supporting structure of deep soft soil foundation pit is finally determined. The case foundation pit adopts the supporting structure of pile top slope + cast-in-place pile + internal support + pre⁃ stressed anchor cable to meet the design and specification requirements. It is an effective idea for the design of foundation pit support in deep soft soil layer to compare and analyze the control indexes，clarify the key points of support design，and then determine the support structure of foundation pit.
    Influence of A Hematite Concentrate Proportion on Pellet Production
    HUANG Xicong , ZHOU Feng
    2023, 39(04):  89. 
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    Based on the actual pellet production process of Ezhou Pellet Co.，Ltd.，the influence of hematite concentrate proportion on pellet production process was studied. The results showed that the proportion of hematite concentrate has an important effect on the temperature and pressure of grate，rotary kiln and ring cooler，as well as the yield and quality of product. When the proportion of hematite concentrate is 40%， temperature in the rotary kiln head and furnace cover of ring cooler both are the lowest. Also，the PH section of the grate has the lowest negative pressure，the output of pellet production can reach 630 t/h，and the average compressive strength is 2 687 N/piece. With the increase of the proportion of hematite concentrate，the consumption of coal gradually increased. When the proportion of hematite concentrate is greater than 40%， the system has a remarkable reheating effect，which is more conducive to saving fuel consumption.
    Experimental Study on Beneficiation of a Sulfide Copper Ore in Jiangxi
    MIAO Yabing , GUO Lingmin
    2023, 39(04):  92. 
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    The main valuable components in the deep copper ore of a copper mine in Jiangxi Province are copper，gold，silver and sulfur. Chalcopyrite which is the main copper minerals，is embedded in the form of disseminated，lumpy and fine veins. The gold minerals are mainly natural gold and electrum. The silver minerals are mainly hessite，and the main sulfide minerals are pyrite. In order to determine the efficient and reasonable comprehensive recovery process of the ore，the beneficiation tests were conducted. The results showed that under the condition of coarse grinding fineness of -0.075 mm accounting for 65%，the cop⁃ per concentrate with Cu grade of 20.32%，Au content of 1.85 g/t，Ag content of 89.20 g/t，Cu recovery rate of 92.38%，Au recovery rate of 36.05% and Ag recovery rate of 42.30% was obtained by adopting the technological process of two roughings，three cleanings and one scavenging，in which the tailings of the first cleaning and the scavenging concentrate were combined and then grinded to - 0.045 mm accounting for 90%，and then returned to the roughing process for copper separation. The sulfur concentrate with S grade of 48.14% and recovery rate of 79.37% was obtained from copper tailings through one roughing，two cleanings and one scavenging process. The test results achieved the comprehensive recovery of copper，sulfur，gold and silver in the copper sulfide ore.
    Research on the Application of HPGR in a Copper Concentrator in Jiangxi
    LIU Chang, LU Chen
    2023, 39(04):  96. 
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    With the extension of mining depth in a copper mine in Jiangxi，the grindability of the ores decrease，which directly affects the production capacity and product index of the concentrator. In order to eliminate these negative effects as much as possible，combined with the actual situation of concentrator，the HPGR test and ball grinding work indexes tests were carried out，and compared HPGR open-circuit scheme with leftover return scheme in terms of process，equipment layout and operation cost. The results showed that the HPGR process is suitable for the concentrator. Compared with open-circuit scheme，leftover return scheme has obvious advantages in reducing the number of system equipment and reducing the operating cost of grinding system，which is the preferred transformation scheme for HPGR in concentrator.
    Research and Application of Novel Inhibitor S-601 Replacing Lime in Copper Flotation Aming at a Copper-zinc Sulfide Ore
    AN Chang, ZHENG Siyong, QI Huaqiang
    2023, 39(04):  100. 
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    Lime was used as the depressant of pyrite in a copper-zinc-sulfur polymetallic ore concentrator in Sichuan，in which exists some problems such as complicated preparation process of lime liquid， high single consumption and larger difficult in safety and environmental protection work. In order to practice the concept of green mine construction and sustainable development，novel inhibitor S-601 was selected to carry out substitution test. The results showed that S-601 appeared a high-efficiency inhibition effect on pyrite in the test. Under the condition of dosage of 800 g/t，the grade of copper concentrate is increased by 0.81 percentage points ，and the recovery rate is increased by 0.43 percentage points，zinc concentrate grade increased by 3.11 percentage points，recovery rate increased by 0.23 percentage points，sulfur concentrate grade increased by 0.61 percentage points，recovery rate increased by 3.63 percentage points. S-601 can be directly prepared into 2.5% solution for adding，the preparation and adding method are simple，S-601 is used as an inhibitor to replace lime，not only significantly simplified the process，saving human and material resources，and is safety and environmental protection，tons of raw ore production costs also decreased by 2.14 yuan. Therefore，the use of S-601 achieved cost reduction and efficiency increase significantly.
    Experimental Study on Stabilizing Sulfur-selection Indexes in Jinduicheng
    YAO Hui, WANG Yiqing, HE Hanbing, WANG Hui , KOU Qingjun
    2023, 39(04):  104. 
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    In order to solve the problem of large fluctuation of sulfur concentrate index in Jinduicheng Molybdenum Industry Co., Ltd., Mining and Metallurgical Branch, the tests were carried out based on the on-site process flow, including the fineness of feeding grinding, the source of butyl xanthate, the timeliness of use after the preparation of liquid medicine and the concentration of liquid medicine. The results showed that the suitable grinding fineness of floating sulfur from molybdenum tailings is -200 mesh accounting for 55%. The source of butyl xanthate had no significant effect on sulfur selection. Butyl xanthate should be used immediately after it was ready. The suitable concentration of butyl xanthate is 6%. The correlation index could be obtained by carrying out sulfur selection practice according to the experimental conclusion.
    Preconcentration Test of Zinc-containing Substance in Ultra-fine Blast Furnace Ash by Hydrocyclone
    YAN Jinlei, YANG Yihong, ZHANG Jianhui
    2023, 39(04):  107. 
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    Ultra-fine blast furnace ash (yield of -20 μm greater than 75%) has small particle size and high zinc content which produced in iron and steel enterprise production process. It has high economic and environmental protection value to efficiently separate zinc from ultra-fine blast furnace ash using hydrocyclone.In order to determine the reasonable technical parameters of separation process，the hydrocyclone diameter，underflow port diameter and pipeline pressure tests were carried out. The results showed that when the hydrocyclone with diameter of 75 mm was used，under the condition of feed concentration of 8% and pipeline pressure of 0.09 MPa，the zinc-rich overflow yield rate was 69.75%，the zinc grade was 26.13%，the enrichment ratio is 1.73，and the underflow zinc grade is significantly reduced to 11.96%. Enrichment of zinc by hydrocyclone has the advantages of low cost，high efficiency and reducing carbon emis⁃ sions.
    Test on Advanced Treatment of Overflow Water from Polymetallic Tailing Pond and Its Reuse in Fluorite Flotation
    XUE Ke, LI Wenfeng, ZHOU Yulin, MIAO Yabing, CHEN Wensheng
    2023, 39(04):  110. 
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    In order to solve the problem of environmental pollution and water resource waste caused by the difficult in utilization of the overflow water from polymetallic tailings pond in Hunan Province，a feasibil⁃ ity study was conducted on the reuse of treated wastewater for flotation fluorite from on-site tungsten tailings （CaF2 content of 20% to 22%）. The results showed that the wastewater with high alkalinity and high COD treated by sodium hypochlorite oxidation，electro-oxidation，activated carbon adsorption and Fenton oxidation process could effectively reduce the COD of wastewater，and electro-oxidation，activated carbon adsorption and Fenton oxidation process could reduce the turbidity of wastewater. Compared with the wastewater directly reused for fluorite flotation，the flotation effects of the treated wastewater from each process were improved，with the best effect of the activated carbon adsorption process. The concentrate index of fluorite flotation was close to the laboratory clear water，with CaF2 concentrate grade of 95.63% and recovery rate of 43.16%，which means the treated water by the activated carbon adsorption process can be reused in fluorite flotation process.
    Research Progress on Resource Utilization of Bauxite Tailings in China
    HAO Limiao, HUANG Feihui , CHENG Guoyuan, WANG Yongwei , XING Yanling , GUAN Yang , CHEN Yitao
    2023, 39(04):  114. 
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    In order to solve the potential environmental and safety problems that must be faced in the exploitation of bauxite ore resources，On the basis of brief introduction of Chinese bauxite resources，main sources and characteristics of bauxite tailings，this paper emphatically introduced the research and development status about resource utilization in preparation of porous ceramics and high performance ceramics，extraction of valuable metals，preparation of permeable brick，cement and cement mixture materials，preparation of wastewater treatment materials such as polyaluminum chloride water purifier and heavy metal ion adsorbent，preparation of absorbent materials，preparation of PVC plastic filler，etc. At the same time，it is pointed out that these utilization ways are also the main direction of the resource utilization of bauxite tail⁃ ings，and have a broad prospect. It is suggested to follow the principles of high value utilization，zero discharge and nearby utilization in the resource utilization. Finally，it points out the important practical significance of the resource utilization of bauxite tailings.
    A Process Design for Improving the Recovery Effect of Cassiterite from a Tin Polymetallic Ore
    HU Hui , ZHANG Zhengjun
    2023, 39(04):  119. 
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    Changsha Non-ferrous Metallurgical Design and Research Institute Co.，Ltd.） Abstract The mineral composition of a tin polymetallic ore in Hunan Province is complex，among which the main valuable metallic minerals are cassiterite，galena，brittle antimonite，chalcopyrite and sphalerite，and the main gangue minerals are quartz，topaz，feldspar，mica and chlorite. The cassiterite in the ore is distributed unevenly and easy to be crushed in the grinding process. In order to improve the recovery effect of cassiterite，in the new system，the SnO2 beneficiation process was optimized based on the test results and the original production process. High frequency fine screen was used as classification equipment to reduce the overcrushing of cassiterite. The classification-gravity separation technology was introduced to improve the separation of cassiterite by shaking. For the microfine cassiterite which was difficult to be recovered by gravity separation，the tin concentrate with Sn grade of 55% and recovery rate of 68.4% was obtained by flotation-centrifuge separator cleaning process after desliming. The production indexes and economic benefits by the new process are better than those by the original process.
    Study on Temperature Inversion of Coal Gangue Dump by Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing
    WANG Kaihua, SHI Juanjuan, ZHONG Liang, GAN Zheng, ZHANG Chenglong
    2023, 39(04):  123. 
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    In order to explore the recognition of coal gangue hills by surface temperature retrieved by thermal infrared remote sensing，based on Landsat TM satellite remote sensing image and meteorological data and vector data of the study area，the surface temperature of the study area was retrieved by single window algorithm. The inversion of the surface temperature anomaly area is compared with the actual distribution of coal gangue piles in Yangquan City to verify the accuracy of using the inversion results to identify coal gangue piles. The results show that the high temperature anomaly area in Yangquan mining area is not only related to the distribution of coal gangue，but also to the distribution of coal and factories in the mining area. The high temperature anomaly area extracted by the inversion results can be used as a reference for the accurate detection of the temperature of the coal gangue pile，thereby improving the efficiency of judging the spontaneous combustion position of the coal gangue pile.
    Design and Application of Intelligent Operation and Maintenance Expert System for Belt Conveyor
    XI Cungen
    2023, 39(04):  127. 
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    In order to realize the status monitoring，fault warning，preventive maintenance，remote maintenance，maintenance decision，optimized operation，overhaul guidance and other functions of the belt conveyor transport system and equipment，an expert system for intelligent operation and maintenance of belt conveyor equipment is built with the operation，maintenance，overhaul and equipment management of belt conveyor as the center. The system collects real-time data and fault records of the belt conveyor through underground ring network，and combines mechanical characteristics，equipment mechanism model and knowl⁃ edge base of the belt conveyor. Through data analysis and reasoning，the system provides maintenance plan and auxiliary decision for the operation and maintenance management of the belt conveyor，avoids major equipment failures，and effectively improves the operation efficiency and reliability of the belt conveyor.
    Research and Application of Intelligent Monitoring and Early Warning System for Surface Subsidence in Goaf
    WANG Sheguang , YANG Zhiqiang , WANG Lijie , WANG Fuquan , HE Wei
    2023, 39(04):  132. 
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    Based on the engineering background of the dislocation area of surface surrounding rock in the mining goaf of a subway mine，a set of real-time monitoring and intelligent early warning technology scheme of surface subsidence in goaf based on GNSS unattended is proposed，which realizes real-time monitoring，continuous data acquisition，online identification，intelligent analysis and disaster early warning of goaf surface. Combined with the research results of surface stability of large area goaf，referring to relevant specifications，the safety warning value of the settlement monitoring system is set by engineering analogy method : surface settlement≤0.1 m/month，surface inclination≤2 mm/m，curvature≤0.2 mm/m2，settlement acceleration≤12 mm/d2. The application shows that the judgment results of the intelligent monitoring and early warning system for surface subsidence are basically consistent with the actual situation on site.
    Intelligent Control Method in the Classification Process of Tower Mill and Its Application
    ZHANG Wei, ZHANG Qiang, WANG Lingxiao, LIU Jiang, ZHANG Junfei
    2023, 39(04):  135. 
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    The grinding process is an operation process with high production cost in the concentrator. Its intelligent control has the characteristics of nonlinearity，multiple variables and strong coupling. In order to realize the intelligent control of grinding process，the following methods are proposed for the control objectives and control difficulties of tower grinding classification process. The data-driven model-free adaptive control method has the characteristics of strong robustness，few parameters，and is suitable for the design of control loops in industrial sites. The feed concentration and feed pressure of hydrocyclones are divided into two simple control loops. Based on model-free adaptive control，two single-loop controllers for tower mill classification process control are designed，achieving the goal of accurate control of feed concentration and feed pressure.
    Application of Magnetic-electromagnetic Joint Interpretation Technology in Zhangjiawan Iron Deposit
    WANG Yongliang, LAN Haiyang , SUN Bo
    2023, 39(04):  140. 
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    In Zhangjiawan iron deposit，controlled source audio-frequency magnetotelluric sounding was used to infer the occurrence characteristics of ore bodies，and the distribution model of ore bodies was established to solve the problem of deep prospecting. Firstly，according to the magnetic parameters of rock and ore，the effective magnetization intensity and magnetic inclination angle of the model are calculated， and the forward simulation of the model is carried out to verify the reliability of the model. The results show that the forward curve fits well with the measured curve，which proves that the controllable source ore body model is reliable. Through magnetic-electromagnetic joint interpretation，the problem of large error of deep iron ore interpretation by single magnetic method is solved，especially in areas with relatively complex geological conditions，which is not sensitive enough to reflect deep ore bodies and has multiple solutions. The accuracy of ore body interpretation is greatly improved，and better deep ore body interpretation results are obtained.
    Slope Stability Monitoring System Based on Real Aperture Radar
    WANG Liwen
    2023, 39(04):  144. 
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    In order to achieve the goal of dynamic monitoring and safety management of slope, a slope stability monitoring system was established in Baiyinhua No.2 Open-pit Mine in Inner Mongolia. The system comprehensively utilizes remote sensing mapping, difference interference and step scanning to capture the characteristics of the deformation data of the slope rock mass, and adopts the methods of anomaly identification, shape fitting and trend judgment to evaluate the stability of the slope. The results show that the system can monitor the slope rock mass in real time and provide technical support for the slope safety management of Baiyinhua No.2 Open-pit Mine.
    Present Situation and Consideration of Green Mine Construction in Inner Mongolia
    ZHAO Lijuan, YE Zhengyu, WU Huizhen, YANG Yabo, ZHANG Meng, WANG Peidong
    2023, 39(04):  148. 
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    Mineral resources in Inner Mongolia is rich. With the release of the national opinions on accelerating the construction of ecological civilization in 2015，the construction of green mines has become a general trend of moderate exploitation of mineral resources. Green mine construction is of great significance to realize the transformation and upgrading of Inner Mongolia mining industry，promote the economic development in the whole region，and build the important ecological security barrier in the north. Based on this， the construction process，achievements and main problems of green mine in Inner Mongolia were analyzed and summarized. And then suggestions from the aspects of green mine construction of sand and gravel soil and small non-metallic mines，green mining demonstration area construction，green mine construction support policy，green mine construction publicity and so on were put forward combined with the actual situation in Inner Mongolia，so as to provide reference for green mine construction management，green mine builders and related researchers in Inner Mongolia.
    An Evaluation Index System on Green Mining Development Based on PSR Model
    CUI Na , CHEN Fang , QI Jingjing
    2023, 39(04):  151. 
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    Constructing a scientific and reasonable green mining evaluation system is an effective way to promote the development of green mining. On the basis of defining the connotation of green mining，according to the "pressure-state-response" analysis framework，twenty-six indicators were selected to construct the green mining development evaluation index system from six aspects including resource constraint， environmental constraint，social development concept，economic output，social output，technical support and management support，so as to guide and promote the development of green mining.
    Study on the Control Zoning of Geological Environment Problems in Limestone Mines in Guilin Area
    LI Fanshi, LIANG Dexian, TANG Jiulong, HU Junpeng, PANG Qiyuan, YE Lizhi, WEI Jianxing, XIAO Lifeng
    2023, 39(04):  155. 
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    With the increasing demand for limestone mineral resources in recent years，the development intensity of limestone in Guilin has been continuously expanded，and the problems of mine geological environment have become more and more prominent. Therefore，taking the Dashenshan limestone mine in Guilin City as the research area，based on the UAV tilt photography technology to obtain accurate data information，the evaluation index system of mine geological environment problem control zoning is established by the combination weighting model，and the comprehensive evaluation of mine geological environment prob⁃ lem control zoning is realized by using the Arc-GIS grid evaluation unit division method. Three levels of governance areas were divided，and a targeted ecological restoration technical scheme of three-dimensional greening method was proposed to provide reference for actual governance work.
    Study on Stability Analysis and Treatment Measures of Water-drenching Roadway Wall
    LIU Chao, QI Yunpu, SONG Zhanglun, WANG Liang, ZHANG Shuai, DONG Fusong
    2023, 39(04):  159. 
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    The stability of drenching roadway and its effective treatment are of great significance for underground excavation of mines. Taking a copper-cobalt mine in Africa as the research background，this paper analyzes the hydrogeological conditions and surrounding rock stability of the mining area，analyzes the causes and stability of the water spray on the side wall of the roadway，and gives the treatment measures for the water spray on the side wall of the roadway. The results show that due to the influence of regional geology，the roadway watering comes from tectonic confined water，regional watering and geological borehole watering. Grouting reinforcement can effectively control the water spray on the sidewall of roadway. Through the quantitative analysis of the change of grouting pressure，the grouting is divided into four stages : micropressure- diffusion-reinforcement-splitting. The variation characteristics of surrounding rock and slurry of grouting holes in each stage are obtained，which has important guiding significance for on-site grouting construction.
    Reconstruction of Flood Discharge System in Yinzhuang Tailings Reservoir Closure Design
    LI Gang , WANG Liansong, LI Tao
    2023, 39(04):  163. 
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    In view of the large amount of water in the Yinzhuang tailings reservoir，the large amount of flood in the rainy season，and the difficulty of drainage，in order to achieve the standard that there is no water in the reservoir after the closure of the reservoir and the discharge of a flood in the reservoir does not exceed the 72 h standard，an integrated water collection facility for flood discharge and backwater is designed above the flood discharge chute and the backwater chute，and the diversion open channel is excavat⁃ ed to extract the water in the reservoir and enter the water collection facility. Through the catchment facilities，flood discharge and backwater are carried out at the same time，and the drainage in the reservoir is preferentially returned to the concentration plant for utilization，which increases the flood discharge capacity and reduces the water consumption of the concentration plant. Practice has proved that the designed flood discharge system can meet the requirements of flood control capacity and no water storage in Yinzhuang tailings reservoir after closure，and the annual benefit is 3.747 million yuan.
    Experimental Study on Surface Moraine Runoff Separation in Pulang Copper Mine
    ZHANG Yingping, NIU Xiangdong, LIU Guanfeng, HOU Kepeng, LI Zhijun, XU Zhuyuan
    2023, 39(04):  167. 
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    Rainfall is the main driving factor for runoff sorting in surface moraine areas. Taking the surface moraine particles of Shangri-La Pulang Copper Mine as the research object，the indoor artificial simulated rainfall test method was used to study the separation law of moraine runoff under different rainfall intensities under the condition of runoff slope of 32°. The results show that the moraine particles have significant sorting effect under different rainfall intensity runoff scouring，and the particle size of moraine runoff scouring increases with the increase of rainfall intensity. With the increase of rainfall intensity，the number of erosion gullies on moraine slope increases，and the area and depth of erosion gullies also increase accordingly. The more serious the erosion of slope runoff，the weaker the selectivity of runoff sorting to particle size. The research results can formulate effective measures for the prevention and control of the runoff separation of moraine particles，and avoid the finegrained moraine particles after runoff separation into the scope of mining activities，which is of great significance for the prevention and control of underground debris flow disasters in mines.
    Research on Surrounding Rock Support and Control Technology of Submarine Deep Mine Roadway
    ZHANG Fuxing, ZHANG Hongwei, XIA Zifeng, WANG Shaoyong
    2023, 39(04):  171. 
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    In order to ensure the support effect of deep mine roadway，taking Ruihai mining submarine kilometer deep gold mine as the engineering background，combined with its engineering geological survey，the numerical simulation was used to study the stress and displacement variation law of roadway under different surrounding rocks，aiming to explore the failure mechanism of roadway and determine the reasonable roadway support method. Combined with the buried depth of roadway and the physical and chemical characteristics of surrounding rock，the "partition classification" support technology in this area is proposed. The support method of "bolt+shotcrete+metal mesh" is adopted in the -1 060 m middle section，and the support method of "bolt+shotcrete +metal mesh+anchor cable+steel arch" is adopted in the -1 300 and -1 480 m middle sections，which effectively controls the deformation and failure of the roadway.
    Application of Multi-index Microseismic Classification Early Warning System in Ground Pressure Disaster Warning of NFCA
    ZHANG Jinzhong, ZHANG Jun, YANG Qingping, LI Xiaosong, CUI Zhihua
    2023, 39(04):  175. 
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    The formation conditions of ground pressure disaster activities are very complex，and the warning effect of single index is not ideal. Based on the microseismic monitoring system data of a mine construction，the early warning system of ground pressure disaster activity is studied from the three perspectives of ′time，space and strength′ of microseismic monitoring events，and the quantitative grading early warning evaluation is carried out in combination with the actual ground pressure activity of the mine. The results show that the multi-index early warning system technology and the hierarchical early warning method are better in the practical application process，which can more accurately reveal the process and evolution trend of mine ground pressure disaster.
    Research on Surrounding Rock Control Technology of High Prestressed Full Anchor Cable in Composite Roof
    WANG Guangyong
    2023, 39(04):  179. 
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    Aiming at the problem of serious deformation and failure of composite roof in 182705 return airway of Wutongzhuang Mine，the causes of failure of traditional anchor net cable combined support are analyzed，and the support method of combining high prestressed long and short anchor cables is proposed to control the deformation and failure of composite roof. The application results show that the maximum roof subsidence is reduced to less than 45 mm，and the deformation of the two sides is reduced to less than 30 mm. This technology ensures the safety of roadway，improves the efficiency of solid coal roadway excavation，reduces the support cost of composite roof roadway，and provides technical support for rapid excavation of composite roof roadway.
    Application of Comprehensive Geophysical Prospecting Method in Advanced Detection of Roadway Water Disaster in Magnetite Mine
    YANG Zhu, GAO Chao, XU Lei, LI Kai, TENG Long
    2023, 39(04):  183. 
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    In view of the distribution characteristics of ore bodies and aquifers and on-site construc⁃ tion conditions，comprehensive geophysical advanced detection research in rodway can be carried out to ensure safe tunneling and safe mining. Based on the transient electromagnetic method，TSP advanced prediction and borehole geological radar，the advanced detection of roadway is carried out，and the bad geological conditions in front of the face are comprehensively analyzed，and the applicability of each technology is verified. The results show that the comprehensive geophysical prospecting technology can accurately detect the strong water-bearing fault fracture zone and secondary fracture zone or fissure in front of the test roadway face. Transient electromagnetic method and borehole geological radar are sensitive to water. Transient electromagnetic method can determine the position of occurrence，but there is a blind area in the shallow part. TSP advanced prediction has a good effect on the judgment of elastic interface.
    Analysis of Safety Impact of Underground Mining Activities on Surface Settlements in a Phosphate Mine
    XIAO Xiong, ZHENG Huawei, LI Zhen, HE Liu, LIU Qian
    2023, 39(04):  187. 
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    In order to judge the influence of underground mining on the surface settlements above a phosphate mine，the finite difference numerical simulation method and theoretical calculation are used to quantitatively evaluate the surface deformation caused by underground mining activities. After evaluation， the underground mining activities of the phosphate mine have little impact on the safety of surface settlements，and engineering protection measures can be not taken. The research has certain reference value for the safety impact assessment of similar underground mining projects.
    Present Situation Analysis and Comprehensive Prevention Countermeasures of Mine Geological Environment in Xingshan County
    HUANG Guilin, WANG Tian
    2023, 39(04):  191. 
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    By analyzing the development and utilization of mineral resources and the current situation of geological environment in Xingshan County，the serious area，the more serious area，the key area and the general area of protection and restoration are delineated. The comprehensive prevention and control countermeasures combining the preventive concept of‘government-led，departmental organization，industry selfdiscipline， enterprise main body，and national participation’and the governance measures of reclamation and restoration are proposed.
    Study on the Distribution Law of Impact Airflow in Unloading Station and Influencing Factors
    SHI Huajun, WANG Ming, SONG Fumei
    2023, 39(04):  194. 
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    The impact airflow generated by the unloading of the ore unloading station is the main cause of dust generation，which seriously pollutes the working environment of the unloading station and the joint roadway. By establishing the mathematical model of gas-solid two-phase flow in the unloading station， Fluent software was used to simulate the process and influencing factors of the impact airflow. The research shows that the size of the impact airflow has a direct impact on the dust migration in the unloading station. The maximum value of impact airflow is proportional to the amount of ore unloading and ore particle size. The simulation results are consistent with the measured results，which provides a basis for the treatment of impact airflow and dust in the unloading station.
    Laboratory Reappearance of a Molybdenum Ore Dressing Production Process and Production Indexes Analysis
    HE Rongquan, QIN Huajiang, LUO Yunbo
    2023, 39(04):  198. 
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    In order to provide the design basis for the new system expansion of a molybdenum concentrator，according to the process of high efficiency beneficiation system in site，the process reproduction test was carried out in the laboratory，and the field process investigation was carried out simultaneously. The results showed that: ①the laboratory test indexes can fully reveal the mineral separability，which can be used as the basis for industrial production index design; ②There is a great difference in recovery rate between verification test and industrial molybdenum roughage circuit，so the design should be modified according to the test index. While the recovery rate of the verification test is close to that of the industrial production，which can be used as the design basis; ③Higher concentration ratio of industrial flotation column is more beneficial to the improvement of concentrate grade; ④ The beneficiation efficiency of the flotation column is significantly higher than that of the flotation machine. One selection of flotation column is equivalent to two or three selection of flotation machine. Therefore，the proper process of industrial flotation column is more con⁃ cise，stable and reliable than that of the small flotation machine in the laboratory.
    Research Status of Commonly Used Classifiers and Their Optimization and Improvement
    WANG Dezheng, LI Yunpeng, XIE Pingquang, XIE Xian
    2023, 39(04):  202. 
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    In order to enable the industry to systematically understand the basic information of the classification equipments，the working principle and advantages and disadvantages of the spiral classifier， hydrocyclone and inclined plate classifier are mainly summarized. It is pointed out that the traditional spiral classifier has the advantages of simple structure and operation，reliable operation，stable processing capacity and classification efficiency，small transmission power，low production cost，less water content of sand return，no auxiliary equipment，easy configuration，etc.，especially suitable for one-stage closed-circuit grinding process，but there still exist the disadvantages of large volume，high price，large footprint and low classification efficiency. The hydrocyclone has the advantages of simple structure，high reliability，fine sep⁃ aration particle size，large processing capacity，no running or driving parts，high classification efficiency， adjustable operation indicators，etc.，especially suitable for the second and third stage closed-circuit grinding process，but there are many factors affecting the classification index，high requirements for stable feed volume，low grading efficiency when the feed volume is unstable，high energy consumption and production cost and so on. The main advantages of inclined plate classifier are simple structure，small footprint，high reliability，large processing capacity，no running or driving parts，high classification efficiency，low production cost，low energy consumption，no auxiliary equipment，stable feeding. The disadvantage is that the equipment height is high，and the difficulty of forming closed circuit grinding with the mill is relatively large. Finally，the situation of improved classification equipment including composite circular sieve spiral classifier，multi-stage conical spiral classifier，oblique narrow flow spiral classifier，variable diameter hydrocyclone，new heterogeneous hydrocyclone，new GTZ cyclone，CZ series high-efficiency cyclone and other improved classifiers is summarized. It is pointed out that these improved equipment generally have the advantages of higher classification efficiency，less fine underflow and coarse overflow，and wear resis⁃ tance.
    Study on Flood Control Safety and Flood Discharge Capacity of Tailings Pond in a Rainy Area
    LIU Bin, WANG Xun, ZENG Xiaoxiang, ZHANG Zhonghua
    2023, 39(04):  206. 
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    In order to understand the flood control safety degree and flood discharge capacity of a tailings pond in a rainy area of Jiangsu Province, the local formula and general formula are used to calculate the flood control safety and flood discharge capacity of the tailings pond, and the safety reliability judgment is made. The results showed that the peak discharge and total flood amount calculated by the general formula method are both greater than those calculated by the local formula method. The tailings pond adopts the drainage tower-diversion well-drainage pipe system for flood discharge, which has better flood discharge capacity. The drainage system of the tailings pond could cope with a flood once every 200 years.
    Application of Siemens PLC in Road Dust Suppression Spray
    LI Yang, ZHANG Xiaowei , FENG Zhaoyi , PENG Wei
    2023, 39(04):  210. 
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    In order to realize automatic control of road dust suppression spray in the plant area of Zhangzhuang Concentrator of Masteel Mining，the improvement of control mode is studied，and the control mode，working principle and application on Siemens 1200PLC are introduced. The weather is monitored by adding rain and snow detection sensors，temperature and humidity sensors and other instruments，and the monitoring data is transmitted to the Siemens 1200PLC. Then，through the internal logic control of the PLC，the spraying is stopped in rainy and snowy days，and at night. When the temperature outdoor is freezing point，the spraying stopped，which realized spraying warning function. The successful application of the control mode has solved the problem of timeliness of manual operation，effectively saved water resources，and achieved high-quality dust reduction effect.
    Application of Contraflow Sand Washer in Sand Washing Process
    LI Jiawei, SUN Wei, FU Guitai WANG Wei
    2023, 39(04):  214. 
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    Contraflow sand washer is a new type of sand washing equipment developed based on the separation principle of fluidized bed. It operates the separation of mud and sand via the principle of interfered settling. In order to promote the popularization and application of the equipment, on the basis of introducing the equipment structure, working principle and superiority, field testing and operation cost analysis are carried out. The results showed that compared with the traditional wheel sand washer and spiral sand washer, the contraflow sand washer not only has higher cleanliness of sand washing, and the mud content is less than 3% in sand product, which meets the national standard of Class II, but significantly reduced operating costs under the working condition of high mud content, and it has the advantages of simple structure, high automation and convenient installation. This equipment can be used in manufactured-sand production, natural sand desliming and construction waste recovery. It is an advanced equipment for sand and stone washing in the field of wet sand.
    Design and Development of High Pressure Spray Cleaning Machine for Permanent Ferrite Magnetic Tile
    SHU Yunfeng, ZHOU Qiaoling, XIE Aixiang, ZHAO Xiubin, LI Xiaoyan, PENG Zhengquan, HU Rui, NIE Jun, LIU Xiaolong, HOU Chuanhe
    2023, 39(04):  218. 
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    In order to solve the problem of cleaning permanent ferrite magnetic tile，a high pressure spray cleaning machine for permanent ferrite magnetic tile was developed. It mainly includes the cleaning machine support frame and sorting table set at the front and back. The support frame of the cleaning machine is successively equipped with belt conveying mechanism，magnetic tile conveying drive mechanism and cleaning bin. The cleaning bin is equipped with back plate，which is divided into spraying bin and air drying bin through partition plate. The back plate is equipped with combined guide rail that runs through the spraying bin and the air drying bin. Several pressure strips are set above the combined guide rail along the conveying direction. A number of spray nozzles and air drying nozzles installed on the back plate are respectively arranged above and below the combined guide rails in the spray bin and the air drying bin. The high pressure spray washer for permanent magnetic ferrite magnetic tile can not only effectively solve the problem of magnetic tile cleaning，but also seamlessly connect the grinding machine production line and sorting process，effectively improving production efficiency and reducing labor costs.
    Practice of Transforming a Mobile Ore Distribution Trolley with a Multi-point Ore Distribution Method
    YANG Liangyu, SU Duoqing, NIU Xiaowen , ZHANG Xiaowei , LI Yang , PAN Meng
    2023, 39(04):  221. 
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    In the process of ore mining in underground metal and non-metal mines，it is easy to mix up with sharp iron objects. In order to solve the problems such as blocking funnel with large ores and tearing and cutting tape machine with sharp iron objects in mobile ore distribution trolley，a new multi-point ore distribution method has been reformed. By cancelling the mobile ore distribution trolley，transforming the material point funnel under the feeding belt head，and adopting mobile belt machine for transporting materials to different silos at multiple points in the receiving point，the on-site production environment such as dust and noise reduction were realized. Meanwhile，the working intensity of maintenance personnel reduced，and fundamentally solved the frequent accidents of material blocking and belt tearing，which guarantees the safe and stable production of the belt conveyor.
    Environmental Protection Cleaning Test of the Ceramic Filter in Zhangzhuang Mine
    ZHANG Xiaowei, FENG Zhaoyi , LI Yang , LI Shu , NIU Xiaowen
    2023, 39(04):  224. 
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    In order to better practice the concept of green environmental protection and sustainable development，the research of environmental-friendly cleaning agent replacing traditional nitric acid as cleaning agent for ceramic filter plate was carried out in Zhangzhuang concentrator of Masteel Mining Industry. The results showed that the water content of the filter cake of the ceramic filter can be controlled within 8.0% and the quality of the discharged water can meet the environmental protection requirements through cleaning with two new environmental-friendly cleaning agent. In the future，performance optimization research of the reagents should be carried out cooperating with the manufacturers，and strive to make new breakthroughs in cleaning agents dosage，cleaning effect，and adaptability to water quality，so as to achieve more outstanding cost-performance ratio.
    Recovery Experiment of Zinc and Sulfur from a Zinc-iron Tailings
    WU Lei , ZHU Guoqing
    2023, 39(04):  227. 
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    Zinc concentrate and iron concentrate were obtained by floatation followed by magnetization in a concentrator of a zinc-iron mine. The zinc grade of tailings was 1.36% ，the sulfur grade was 2.40%，and -200 mesh was accounting for 39.82%. The main zinc-bearing and sulfur-bearing minerals were sphalerite and pyrite，and has been dissociated in monomer. In order to recover the useful components，like zinc and sulfur efficiently，the mineral processing test was carried out. The results showed that the in-situ tailings samples are treated with one roughing，two cleaning and one scavenging process for zinc separation and one roughing and one cleaning process for sulfur separation. Finally，zinc concentrate with Zn grade of 43.18%，Zn recovery rate of 88.25% ，S grade of 29.25%，S recovery rate of 37.68% and sul⁃ fur concentrate with S grade of 42.15% and S recovery rate of 48.26% could be obtained.
    Transformation Design and Practice of Dust Reoval System of Screening Tower in Taochong Dolomite Mine
    ZHANG Shurong, LI Shouai, JU Weiwei, JIA Mintao
    2023, 39(04):  230. 
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    In order to solve the problem of standard discharge of dust in Taochong Mine of Masteel Mining，the dust removal system of screening tower has been reformed. The results showed that the two dust removal systems which are set newly decrease the pipe network layout，reduce the difficulty of management and maintenance，thus achieve the effect of economic and efficient operation. When the dust collectors with air quantity of 101 000 m3/h and 70 000 m3/h were applied，the total dust concentration of the site position reduced to 0.9 mg/m3，and the new fold filter cylinder can reduce the exhaust pipe emission concentration to 4.6 mg/m3 and 5.5 mg/m3，which meets the standard requirements of air pollutant emission concentration of the exhaust pipe of the dust removal system. The new fold filter cylinder is suitable for high viscosity dust，which better solves the problems of high viscosity dust paste bag and excessive dust concen⁃ tration in dolomite mine.
    Experimental Research and Practice on Tailings Backfilling for An Open Mining Pit
    SHANG Peng , YU Maojie , YAN Yongyao , ZHANG Bao , SHI Shihuan
    2023, 39(04):  233. 
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    Taking the abandoned open mining pit of a copper mine as an example，the geological survey，mining conditions，formation reasons and basic conditions of the abandoned open mining pit of the copper mine are expounded. Combined with the actual situation of the open mining pit，the backfilling test scheme of the open mining pit is formulated. The research showed that after taking some measures such as leveling the bottom of open pit，seepage prevention，underground sealing，construction of drainage system，inspection and monitoring，the tailings are successfully backfilled. On the one hand，it solves the shortage of reclamation materials for the open-pit backfilling. At the same time，it also consumes the tailings produced by the concentrator，reduces the surface stacking of tailings，avoids the construction of tailings ponds，saves the mine investment and land resources，which is of important practical and environmental significance for the efficient mining and development of mines，and provides a new idea for the similar open-pit mining and tailings disposal in the future.
    Multi-performance Diesel Generator Grid-connected Technology in Mine Projects
    DUAN Juping, LIU Yanni, SUN Jingxian
    2023, 39(04):  237. 
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    The grid connection of different types of generators helps to improve the utilization rate of equipment and relieve the power consumption difficulties of small power grid capacity and difficult start-up of high-power equipment during the construction period of mine project infrastructure. By fully considering the technical and economic feasibility，combined with engineering examples，the technical path of grid connection of diesel generators with different voltage levels，grounding forms and capacities is explored. By adding step-up transformers and installing special grounding transformers，the voltage and grounding mode of low-voltage and high-voltage generators are consistent，so as to meet the prerequisites for grid connection.
    Key Technologies for Anti-clogging of High-deep Ore Pass in Water-rich Mine
    YANG Zhiqiang, WANG Lijie , MA Ning, WANG Zheng
    2023, 39(04):  241. 
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    It is of great practical significance to study the anti-clogging and safe ore drawing technolo⁃ gy of high-deep ore pass in water-rich mines for efficient ore drawing in underground mines. Based on the frequent blockage of high and deep ore pass in a water-rich water mine，the causes of main blockage are analyzed in detail according to the special material properties such as ore rock properties，water content，particle size，water absorption and adhesion，combined with the factors such as the depth of main ore pass，bottom structure and ore drawing management. On this basis，the key technical scheme of anti-clogging and ef⁃ ficient operation of main ore pass is put forward. Firstly，combined with the material characteristics and production conditions，the angle of the inclined chute of the main ore pass is optimized from 42 ° to 60 °，the heavy plate is extended and the bottom structure of the main ore pass is reformed to increase the ore drawing effect. Secondly，based on the principle of single ring straight hole drainage，the main ore pass wellbore water is treated to solve the problem of ore water content from the source. Finally，some production control mea⁃ sures are put forward，such as reasonable storage height of main ore pass，strict control of water content and particle size of ore material，and strengthening ore drawing of ore pass. After the transformation，the measured main ore pass watering is 0.4 m3/h，the average daily ore drawing is 6 060 t，and the ore drawing efficiency of the ore pass is significantly improved，which can provide reference for similar mines.
    Research and Implementation of Intelligent Mine Integrated Control Platform
    YANG Kunyao, WANG Lijie, LI Cong, SUN Linlin
    2023, 39(04):  245. 
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    In view of the future development of mines，enterprises must strengthen the construction of integrated intelligent management and control platform for safety production and solve problems such as information islands. Based on the construction of an intelligent mine in an iron mine，an integrated intelligent management and control platform for the mining and beneficiation process of the whole mine is designed by means of the Internet，the Internet of Things，big data and artificial intelligence.The industrial control data of about 18 000 points in the mine site are classified，compared，correlated，analyzed and intelligently controlled according to the time domain，system domain and process domain，and visually displayed through the data cockpit，so as to realize the high integration of automation，informatization and intelli⁃ gence in the whole process of iron ore mining and production，with the functions of intelligent control，intelligent early warning and intelligent diagnosis.Through the initial test verification，the platform runs smoothly and achieves the purpose of reducing staff，increasing efficiency，saving energy and reducing cost.
    Study on the Detection of Water-rich Roof of a Mine by Mine Transient Electromagnetic Method
    LI Zhongyu , WANG Can , LI Jinxing
    2023, 39(04):  249. 
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    During the mining process of metal minerals，the overlying strata are destroyed，and the water-rich area of the roof is communicated，which seriously endangers the safe production. In order to prevent water disaster，the mine transient electromagnetic method is used to penetrate the roof area，so as to delineate the water-rich area. The data are collected by transient electromagnetic method. After data inversion，the distribution range of high resistance anomaly and low resistance anomaly of roof is visually displayed. By analyzing the distribution of high resistance anomaly and low resistance anomaly，11 water-rich areas were identified and delineated，including 5 strong water-rich areas，2 medium water-rich areas and 4 weak water-rich areas. The results show that the mine transient electromagnetic method is applied to the roof water-rich area detection and water-rich research with good effect and high accuracy，which can provide reliable data for water disaster warning.
    Application of Open-pit Mine Monitoring Technology Based on UAV Aerial Photography
    WANG Xiaoming
    2023, 39(04):  252. 
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    In order to overcome the problems of low monitoring efficiency and poor accuracy of traditional methods for cross-border mining and over-limit mining in open-pit mines，based on UAV aerial monitoring，the identification algorithm of mine cross-border mining and over-limit mining are established. Then，the secondary mining platform and mining variation monitoring system are used to realize the rapid analysis of aerial data and the dynamic monitoring of mining range. The practical application shows that the accuracy of this monitoring technology reaches 97.4%，the monitoring efficiency is improved by 20 times，and the monitoring accuracy of mining is controlled at ±1.1 m. This practice has reference value for realizing the intelligence of open-pit mine monitoring and improving the efficiency of mine monitoring.
    Research and Treatment of the High-Steep Slope of Laohulong Limestone Mine
    HUANG Wenzhong, YANG Jianxin, SUN Yongrui
    2023, 39(04):  255. 
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    A group of high and steep slopes are left on the north side of Laohulong open-pit limestone mine，which poses a serious threat to the production and living safety of the surrounding people. Based on the analysis of the stability and geological environment characteristics of the high and steep slope on the north side of Laohulong limestone mine，combined with the local overall land use planning，appropriate treatment schemes are adopted for treatment.The treatment scheme includes cutting slope and clearing slope for high and steep slope，eliminating safety hazards and repairing terrain. Then cover the soil，plant grass，restore the ecological environment landscape，and comprehensively utilize the land resources in the control area.