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    25 January 2023, Volume 39 Issue 01
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    Research Progress and Application Status of Carbon-bearing Gold Ore Metallurgical Theory
    WANG Huian, WEI Yaru
    2023, 39(01):  1. 
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    In order to improve the development and utilization rate of carbon-containing gold ore，in view of the difficulty of separation of carbon and gold in this type of gold ore and the problems of "gold rob⁃ bery" in the leaching process，the types of carbon and its "gold robbery" mechanism were discussed. The research status of flotation，shielding-cyanide gold extraction，roasting oxidation，chemical oxidation，bio⁃ logical oxidation，high temperature and high pressure oxidation pretreatment process was described. The grade of gold concentrate is low，the selectivity of shielding agent and biological oxidation bacteria in shielding-cyanidation is strong，the application is limited，and the chemical oxidation pollution is serious. Based on the development and application of high temperature and high pressure energy-saving equip⁃ ment，roasting and high temperature and high pressure oxidation pretreatment will be the development direction of carbon-containing gold ore process，and the application of the two processes is listed.
    Research Progress in the Comprehensive Recovery of Vanadium-Titanium Magnetite
    CHEN Haibin, ZHOU Zhenhua, ZHANG Zuojin, ZHANG Zhanfeng, YANG Shuaifeng
    2023, 39(01):  7. 
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    In order to promote the comprehensive utilization of vanadium-titanium magnetite，the re⁃ search progress of comprehensive recovery of vanadium-titanium magnetite was introduced from the recovery of iron，phosphorus，titanium，alum，scandium and other precious metal elements in vanadium-titanium magnetite. The analysis points out that in the comprehensive utilization of vanadium-titanium magnetite，some rare and precious metals are only limited to the laboratory in terms of recovery，and are less used in actual production. It is necessary to strengthen the transformation of laboratory results into practical applications，improve the comprehensive utilization rate of vanadium-titanium magnetite，and realize the comprehensive utilization of vanadium-titanium magnetite to a new level.
    Research Status and Prospect of Water Disaster Monitoring and Early Warning in Metal Mines
    XIE Shiping, YANG Zhu, LUO Gexuanzi
    2023, 39(01):  10. 
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    In order to improve the prevention and control level of mine water disaster and promote the development and application of metal mine water disaster monitoring and early warning technology, firstly, the formation factors of water inrush in metal mines from three aspects: water inrush source, water inrush channel and water inrush intensity are analyzed, and it is pointed out that it is necessary to monitor the indicators related to the formation factors of water inrush, which is conducive to the formation of effective water disaster monitoring and early warning. Then, the present situation of water disaster monitoring and early warning research in metal mines in recent ten years from three aspects of water disaster monitoring index, monitoring and early warning model and system are summarized.It is pointed out that there are simple monitoring indexes and few theoretical studies on monitoring and early-warning models in the existing metal mine water disaster monitoring and early-warning, and some monitoring systems also do not have the actual function of early warning of mine water inrush. Finally, combined with the application results of water disas⁃ ter monitoring and early warning research in mines, the prospect is made from the aspects of in-depth research on water disaster mechanism, monitoring and early warning models, and monitoring methods and equipment.
    Experimental Effect Analysis of AMT in Exploration of Xujie Graphite Mine
    LI Songbai , WANG Liang , TANG Xi, ZHU Guangfei
    2023, 39(01):  14. 
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    In order to understand the feasibility of geophysical AMT measurement method in the ex⁃ ploration of Xujie graphite deposit，the profile measurement experiment in the known ore section is carried out by EH-4 electromagnetic imaging system. According to the detected low-resistivity anomalies，the spatial location of the graphite ore body is predicted. Moreover，IMAGEM and MT-Pioneer are used to per⁃ form the one-dimension and two-dimensional inversion of the measured data respectively. The inversion results are compared with the drilling data.The results show that the low-resistivity bands in the resistivity cross-section have a good correspondence with the known graphite ore bodies，and the two-dimensional inversion results are more consistent with the actual geological conditions than the one-dimensional inver⁃ sion results. Therefore the AMT measurement method has good resolution ability for low resistivity bodies and is an effective exploration method for graphite ore，which can guide the next exploration work in the mine area.
    Discussion on Common Problems and Countermeasures in Mine Survey
    FANG Chengcheng, SONG Yewei, CAI Zhenying
    2023, 39(01):  18. 
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    The main factors affecting the efficiency and accuracy of mine measurement in mine pro⁃ duction are the management of personnel，the use of equipment and its own performance，data processing and processing，etc. Through a large number of measured data and on-site experience analysis，the causes of the problems are obtained and the corresponding countermeasures are formulated. In personnel manage⁃ ment，the job responsibilities of specific positions should be clarified，and the operation rules，rewards and punishments should be formulated，and the quality of personnel should be improved to achieve the allstaff management mode. In the selection of surveying equipment，relevant research and analysis should be carried out before purchase，and the professional development should be forward-looking. As far as possi⁃ ble，the new technology of professional frontier should be used to ensure that the performance of the equip⁃ ment can be best in the subsequent use，so that the personnel management can be refined，and the mea⁃ surement accuracy can be optimized，and a set of reliable geo-survey data can be provided for the safe pro⁃ duction of mines.
    Exploration of Beishan Polymetallic Deposit in Gansu Province Based on High Power Induced Polarization
    GUO Weili, JI Xiankun, BAI Yun
    2023, 39(01):  22. 
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    In order to achieve a breakthrough in ore prospecting in the Beishan area of Gansu prov⁃ ince，the geochemistry anomalies of Au，Cu，Pb and Zn have been identified in the area，and high-power induced polarization are carried out in the key research area. Through the induced polarization data process⁃ ing and analysis，three high-polarization anomaly zones are delineated.Based on the analysis of surface geological survey and physical property statistics，it is concluded that IP-2 anomaly is a favorable area for polymetallic mineralization. Two symmetrical quadrupole IP sounding profiles are arranged at the center of IP-2 anomaly，which further reveals the spatial distribution characteristics of induced polarization anomaly and provides reference for borehole layout. Finally，Section Ⅰ was verified by drilling It is found that the thickness of pyrite and polymetallic sulphide mineralized body is 11.84 m，which is consistent with the in⁃ duced polarization anomaly. However，pyrite was relatively developed in the strata，which brought certain interference factors. Based on the analysis of the results of drilling and trough prospecting，it is considered that the area has good prospecting prospects and can be further explored.
    Research on the Application of Terrestrial 3D Laser Scanner in Mine Surveying
    SUN Yong, LIAO Chongbin, LUO Yang, DENG Tao
    2023, 39(01):  27. 
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    In order to study the data quality of long-distance ground 3D laser scanner in mine sur⁃ vey，based on the point cloud coordinate measurement and coordinate conversion of 3D laser scanning sys⁃ tem，It is designed the precision detection test of RIEGL-VZ2000i 3D laser scanner in mine survey. The single station scanning accuracy of RIEGL-VZ2000i was evaluated from the internal and external confor⁃ mance of scanning results. The results show that in a good observation environment and 500 m range，the internal coincidence errors of the scanning distance，plane and elevation of the single station are about 0.005 m，0.010 m and 0.020 m respectively，and the errors increase synchronously with the increase of the distance. The external conformity errors of single station scanning distance，plane and elevation are about 0.010 m，0.010 m and 0.050 m respectively，which has a high accuracy and can meet the measurement re⁃ quirements of mine earth and gravel volume.The research results of this paper provide a certain reference value for the accuracy evaluation of the long distance ground 3D laser scanner and the project production and application.
    Geological Characteristics and Prospecting Signs of the SOKOROSHE Copper-cobalt Deposit in the Haut-Katanga Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
    LI Jiye
    2023, 39(01):  33. 
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    The SOKOROSHE copper-cobalt deposit is located in the Congo (Kinshasa) sub belt of the Central African copper belt，with developed folds and faults，and good metallogenic geological condi⁃ tions. Starting from the ore-forming geological background，this paper summarizes the geological character⁃ istics of the ore deposits，analyzes the related literature and ore-controlling factors，and then analizes the typical ore deposits in the belt，points out that there are both commonalities and particularities among the ore deposits. The research results show that the deposit is mainly located in Enguba Group，with various types of surrounding rocks，and the main ore bearing lithology is structural breccia. The orebodies are strati⁃ fied and veined，with branching and compound phenomena，and obviously controlled by fault structures. The ore mineral assemblage is relatively simple，mainly malachite，chalcopyrite，chalcogenite，hydroco⁃ balt. The strata of Enguba Group provides good provenance foundation and conditions，and the sublevel NW-trending faults provide space，motive force for the formation of deposits. The peacock petritization on the surface of the deposit is the most direct prospecting indicator，and“copper grass”and“cobalt bamboo shoot”can be used as plant prospecting indicator，which has certain reference significance for the mineral deposit exploration in the region.
    Geological Characteristics and Prospecting Direction of Daping Phosphorite Deposit in Weng'an County，Guizhou Province
    CHEN Zhiyou, WANG Jingteng
    2023, 39(01):  38. 
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    To provide a theoretical basis for deep geological prospecting，this paper analyzes the geo⁃ logical characteristics of Daping phosphate ore，and makes a comparative study with the geological charac⁃ teristics of adjacent mining areas，and obtains the metallogenic law of the area where Daping phosphate ore is located.The results show that the Daping phosphate deposit is located in the west wing of the south⁃ ern section of Baiyan-Gaoping anticline，and it is a monoclinic structure. The ore beds are stratified and occur in the Lower Sinian Yangshui Formation. The strike extension of A layer of the main ore body in the mining area is greater than 3.75 km，and the inclined extension is greater than 1.01 km.According to the comparative study of geological characteristics between Daping phosphate ore and adjacent mining areas， it is found that the thickness of phosphorous rock series in the study area gradually decreases from east to west.The thickness of A and B layers also gradually decreases，and the B layer even appears the phenome⁃ non of pinching out. The comprehensive analysis shows that the north and east side of Daping phosphate rock and the blank area between Daping phosphate rock and Dawan phosphate rock have better prospect⁃ ing potential.
    Study on Mineralization Characteristics and Prospecting Direction of Leitang Molybdenum Ore Spot in Jingxian County，Anhui Province
    LYU Cheng , BAO Lei , SUN Rui, YU Jianghua
    2023, 39(01):  42. 
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    Leitang molybdenum ore spot is a new discovery in the gold-copper polymetallic ore re⁃ source investigation and evaluation area of Baocun（Jingxian County）—Banqiao（Jingde County）area.1∶50， 000 drilling holes revealed that molybdenum mineralization developed in the deep part of the rock mass， and the minerals were mainly molybdenite，pyrite，etc.，which mainly occurred in quartz veins of granodio⁃ rite or the edge of quartz veins，and it was quartz veins disseminated molybdenum ore. Compared with oth⁃ er similar deposits in the area，it is found that Leitang molybdenum ore spot is located in the northern edge of Maolin granodiorite body. The intrusion of Maolin rock mass and its post-magmatic hydrothermal activi⁃ ties provided the necessary heat source for the mineralization，enrichment and mineralization in this area， and were closely related to the structure and hydrothermal alteration. Based on the study，it is considered that Leitang molybdenum deposit is a low temperature hydrothermal deposit，and the deposit type is por⁃ phyry molybdenum deposit.
    Geological Characteristics and Prospecting Direction of Kulutielieketi Area in Jinghe County，Xinjiang
    LI Ping, FU Duowang , YANG Xiaoqiang
    2023, 39(01):  45. 
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    In order to better study and analyze the characteristics of gold mineralization and its output in the Kulutielieketi area，the fractured altered rock type gold deposit and porphyry-skarn type polymetal⁃ lic deposit are taken as the main targets in the study area，and the prospecting target areas are delineated by large-scale geological survey，areal geochemical exploration，geophysical and geochemical exploration section and trough exploration.The results show that four alteration zones were found in this area，and five gold bodies with gold grade（0.1~0.6）×10-6 were ringed. The length of surface gold bodies was 100~320 m and the thickness was 0.8~7.1 m. The mineralized bodies are produced in vein and stratiform form，and mainly occur in the limonized and carbonated microcrystalline limestone in the lower part of Keltasi Group of Qingbaikou System. Vein rocks are commonly interspersed near the strata，and quartz carbonate rocks are the main ore-controlling structure. The NW faulted structure is the main ore-controlling structure， which has the typical characteristics of Carlin-type gold deposits，that is，the ore-bearing surrounding rocks are carbonate and clastic rocks. The ore-bearing element combination is mainly Au-As-Cu-W-Mo- Sb with low grade and large scale.
    Analysis on Metallogenic Geological Characteristics and Genesis of Lead - zinc Deposit in Xieshengling Mining Area，Zhejiang Province
    FU Qing
    2023, 39(01):  50. 
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    In the south wing of Qianjiacun pluton (anticline)，there are large scale polymetallic depos⁃ its such as Dongshan ore section，Shangtaimen lead-zinc deposit and Langjinwu lead-zinc deposit in Xieshengling area. Due to the favorable metallogenic conditions of this metallogenic belt，it has the poten⁃ tial to form medium-scale ore deposits.In order to further develop the lead zinc deposit in Xieshengling min⁃ ing area，the geological characteristics and ore-body characteristics of the mining area are comprehensive⁃ ly sorted out and summarized，and the regional metallogenic geological conditions and ore-controlling geo⁃ logical conditions are studied and analyzed，and the genesis of the deposit is obtained. The results show that Xieshengling deposit belongs to hydrothermal filling type and skarn type deposit. The F1 fracture zone filled with quartz veins，limonite and magnetite in northeast direction，the fracture zone in granodiorite and the skarn and hornstone zone near the rock mass are important prospecting indicators in this area.
    Research on Ground Pregrouting Technology in Crushing Zone of a Metal Mine
    DONG Qinghuan
    2023, 39(01):  54. 
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    In order to solve the problem of underground water gushing in the process of shaft excava⁃ tion of a metal mine，the hydrogeological conditions of the mine are studied and analyzed，and the pregrouting technology is put forward to strengthen the surrounding rock by plugging water.Through the analy⁃ sis of the stratum in the broken zone and the effective control of the grouting pressure and the grouting time，the engineering application was successfully completed. In the driving process，the shaft smoothly passed though the bedrock aquifer and the remaining water inflow after grouting was 3.37 m3/h.The innova⁃ tive research on the design of the shaft surface pregrouting project and the construction process is of great significance to popularize the surface pregrouting of metal mine.
    Application of Fan-shaped Hole Technology in Exploration Engineering in Middle Gully—Fault Gully Lead-zinc Mine Area
    MAO Shenglu , LI Zhengming, LIU Fuxing
    2023, 39(01):  57. 
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    The Middle Gully-Fault Gully lead-zinc mine area is the south east extension of the main mining area of Xitieshan，and its geological characteristics are basically the same as those of the main min⁃ ing area of Xitieshan.In order to effectively the exploration engineering and reduce the cost of exploration， the fan-shaped hole technology is adopted for the ore body in the area with large negative change and the ore body whose construction conditions do not meet the current requirements of exploration. Through the comparative study of the exploration results between the exploration stage and the production exploration stage，it is found that the application of the fan-shaped hole technology in the process of production explo⁃ ration can accurately control the ore body with great changes，and the change of orebody characteristics （shape，scale，thickness，occurrence and grade）can be well verified.The field application results show that the application of fan-shaped hole technology in the process of production exploration can improve the exploration efficiency，and ensure the sustainable development of the mine.And it also can reduce the explo⁃ ration cost，and effectively save the exploration project.
    Analysis on the Application of Microtremor Method in Goaf of Makeng Iron Mine
    KONG Lingtian, WANG Chaofan, LIN Ye, LI Wenjie
    2023, 39(01):  61. 
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    Due to the influence of early limestone mining ，the surface of MaKeng Iron Mine partially collapsed between Line 83 and Line 87. In order to ensure the safety of underground mining，the micro⁃ tremor method was used to detect the degree of rock fragmentation in the surface subsiding area and the sur⁃ rounding area of 50 m. Carry out microtremor survey parallel to the existing geological exploration line，and delineate the roof，floor and boundary range of the goaf. Roughly identify the plane distribution range and spatial distribution characteristics of the goaf in the area where the collapse is located.The detection results show that the estimated shear wave velocity of limestone strata is 350 ~ 750m/s，which is seriously lower than the conventional value，indicating that the whole limestone rock mass in this area is broken，so safety management should be strengthened before the next exploration work. At the same time，there are many gravel soils in the exploration area，poor grounding conditions for testing，poor data quality and low credi⁃ bility of local areas. Microtremor method can quickly reflect the spatial distribution characteristics of goaf， such as shape，size，buried depth，etc.，and provide a basis for defining the boundary of goaf. It can make a simple evaluation of goaf in the region.
    Construction Scheme and Support Technology of the Withdrawal Passage in Dynamic Pressure Area of the Fully Mechanized Coal Face
    WANG Xuelong
    2023, 39(01):  66. 
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    Based on the technical problems of large surrounding rock stress，serious surrounding rock fragmentation and high failure rate of roof support during the combined mining of 8127 working face in Majiliang mine，through comparative analysis，it is decided to adopt the self forming roadway construction technology for the withdrawal channel of the working face，and adopt the combined support technology of “blasting pre splitting and pressure relief + flexible fiber mesh + anchor cable steel belt”for the withdrawal channel. From the practical application effect，the self forming roadway construction technology adopted in the withdrawal channel reduces the quantities of roadway excavation in the working face，reduces the impact of dynamic pressure disturbance on the surrounding rock of the withdrawal channel in the high stress area.Through field observation，it is found that combined support technology controlled the roof subsidence of the withdrawal channel is below 0.15 m，and the side roof of the gob of the roof cutting line has achieved all collapse，and remarkable application results have been achieved.
    Study on the Treatment of Dangerous Slope in Tongshan Stope
    CHU Liqun, MAO Siyu
    2023, 39(01):  70. 
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    There are often weak layer and broken zone in the rock mass of mine open-pit slope，and it is affected by rainfall and earthquake for a long time，which will cause the instability of mine slope.This will not only affect the normal production of the mine，but also may cause serious safety accidents.Taking Tongshan stope slope as an example，the effect of different treatment schemes on mine hidden danger slope was studyed. Taking Tongshan stope slope as an example，studies the effect of different treatment schemes on mine hidden danger slope.Under the influence of faults，the slope cracks and surface subsidence appear in the mine slope. In this paper，Two methods of slope cutting and load reduction and anchor bolt and cable reinforcement are adopted to control the slope.After the implementation of the two treatment schemes，the safety factor of the slope is significantly improved，and both of them meet the requirements of the code. Through the comparison of the two treatment schemes，it is concluded that the slope cutting and load reduction process is simple but will be limited by the site. The construction technology of anchor bolt and cable reinforcement is complex but the treatment effect is better and will not affect the stope status quo.
    Application of VCR Blasting Technology in Makeng Iron Mine Based on Blasting Funnel Test
    WANG Zhidong
    2023, 39(01):  76. 
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    The construction of high level chute has always been a technical problem. In order to construct high level chute easily，safely and efficiently，Makeng Iron Mine plans to adopt Vertical Crater Retreat well forming blasting technology to solve the construction problems of high level chute，such as poor construction environment and difficult ventilation. Based on the Livingston blasting funnel theory，the single-hole blasting funnel experiment was carried out in Makeng Iron Mine. No. 2 rock emulsion explosive was used in the experiment，and its dosage was 150 g and 300 g respectively.According to the experimental results，the optimal buried depth of the charge and the radius of the blasting funnel are obtained.Then，according to the proportional embedding depth of the charge package and the corresponding radius of the blasting funnel，the reasonable spacing of the holes，the charging length and the blocking length of the hole bottom of the VCR well forming technology were determined by the formula conversion of the blasting funnel volume per unit explosive amount.
    Broken Mechanism and Control Technology of Surrounding Rock in Advance Stress Area of Fully Mechanized Mining Face
    SUN Yang
    2023, 39(01):  81. 
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    Due to the influence of multiple concentrated stress，coal seam occurrence and support technology during mining at No. 8107 working face of Wajinwan Mine，the forward stress area of the return air channel appears serious breakage when the working face is mined to 450m. In order to solve this problem，the crushing mechanism of the surrounding rock in the leading stress area is analyzed and the combined supporting technology o“f deep hole pressure relief + hydraulic expansion shed + hydraulic expansion bolt”in the leading stress area is put forward. The field application effect shows that the measured subsidence of the roof is controlled below 0.17 m.The floor heave is controlled below 0.32 m，and the convergence of the two sides is controlled below 0.35 m，the deformation phenomenon of the surrounding rock in the stress zone is effectively controlled，which greatly improves the shaping effect of the surrounding rock of the roadway in the stress zone and ensures the safe and efficient mining of the working face.
    Optimization of General Layout of the Shaft Industrial Site of Dawan Mining Industry Based AHP
    WU Xiangwei
    2023, 39(01):  85. 
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    The general layout of the mining and dressing industrial site is directly related to the shortterm economic benefits and production efficiency of the enterprise，and the long-term construction and expansion of reproduction. The newly-built shaft industrial site of Dawan Mining should not only consider its own plane layout，but also consider the connection with the existing concentrator，road and transportation. The analytic hierarchy process（AHP）is used to establish the model of scheme evaluation，which takes in⁃ to account the factors of plane layout，ore transportation，construction investment，etc..The problem is divided into 4 layers and 10 elements，and the pairwise comparison matrix is established.The sum-product method is adopted to calculate and analyze，and the consistency test is carried out to obtain the weight of two schemes and select the best scheme.The AHP can be used for reference to the selection and optimization of the general layout of the newly-built industrial site.
    Optimization and Application of Mining Method for Low Value and Extremely Thick Large Orebodies
    XIE Xuanrong , CHEN Zhanglin , ZHA Yubo , DA Liangxia
    2023, 39(01):  90. 
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    The minerals of a wollastonite mine in Zhejiang Province are calcite and wollastonite，and the orebodies is generally very thick and gently inclined with stable rock.At present，the roomandpillar mining method used in mines has some problems，such as large amount of mining engineering，relatively high mining cost，general safety and high dilution rate. So the method of one room and one column，the layout of upper and lower layers，and the method of shallow hole falling ore are adopted to optimize the parameters design of ore block，the layout of mining and cutting engineering，the simplification of mining procedure， and the management of ground pressure in the goaf of mining room，so as to make the mining of this kind of low value and gently inclined extremely thick orebodies more safe，economical and efficient. Thus，the safety condition of mining operation is greatly improved，the mining quantity and cutting cost are reduced，and also the ore dilution rate is controlled，which provides certain reference for the subsequent mining of low value and gently inclined extremely thick ore body.
    Rapid Retreat Technology Practice of High Gas Inflammable Fully Mechanized Caving Face in Dashitou Coal Mine
    JIN Shihu, ZHAO Lianghong , SHI Junqing , WU Junshen
    2023, 39(01):  95. 
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    Dashuitou Coal Mine，Gansu Jingyuan Coal Industry and Electricity Power Co.，Ltd.） Abstract There are probabily many problems in the final withdrawal of fully mechanized caving face of high gas flammable coal seam，such as large mine pressure，deformation of roadway，fire on the old pool side，rise of gas，complicated process of withdrawal equipment，long route of transportation system，high labor intensity of workers and high probability of injury.By optimizing production technology，innovating support transportation mode，strengthening equipment management，cooperating with comprehensive fire prevention and other methods，the equipment withdrawal project of 104 fully mechanized caving face east of Dashuitou Coal Mine was completed safely and efficiently in 23 days，12 days ahead of the planned construction period，and the occurrence of harmful gas overlimit and other spontaneous combustion symptoms during the withdrawal period of highly flammable fully mechanized caving face was effectively avoided， which has good reference value and guiding significance for safety management and safe and efficient withdrawal during final mining of fully mechanized caving face.
    Study on Mining Technology of Unfavorable Geological Body in Washan Stope
    ZHANG Qiwen, LIU Wensheng, ZHU Molin, HE Renhua, ZHENG Yi, GUO Qifeng, ZHANG Ying
    2023, 39(01):  99. 
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    In order to make greater use of the resources in the stope space and improve the economic benefits of the mine，a study on the mining technology of unfavorable geological bodies are carried out for the fixed side slope of the Washan stope at the end of mining. Firstly，the mining technology of damaging geological body is systematically introduced，and the spatial status and resource distribution characteristics of concave stope are introduced. Then，based on the shock absorption blasting technology，the slope multicoupling online monitoring system，the resource comprehensive utilization technology，and the slope eco⁃ logical reconstruction technology，the mining position of the hanging wall mine is determined，and the corresponding mining plan is adopted.Finally，the implementation effect of the technical scheme is demonstrated from both the economic benefits of the mine and the production operation，and the innovation of the mining technology for unfavorable geological bodies is summarized. The research results show that the technical scheme proposed in this paper can not only effectively control the open-pit slope of the stope，but also provide a guarantee for the subsequent comprehensive utilization of the stope space，effectively solve the prob⁃ lem of adverse geological bodies affecting the mining safety，and achieve the production safety at the end of the mining period of washan stope.
    Trends of Chaotic Fractal Theory Applied to Dust Research in Open-pit Mines
    TIAN Dongmei, JIA Changchang, YAO Jian, SONG Wenjiang
    2023, 39(01):  102. 
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    The situation of dust control in open-pit mines in China is still grim. This paper expounds the research status and development trend of chaos and fractals，discusses the progress of chaotic fractal theory in the application of mine dust，and finally discusses the use of chaotic fractal theory to establish dust fractal diffusion equation and construct open-pit mine three-dimensional space model. Dust particles have good fractal characteristics，and their distribution can be described by fractal dimension，so as to ob⁃ tain the distribution characteristics and diffusion law of dust in open-pit mine operation，which can provide theoretical and technical support for dust prevention and reduction in open-pit mine.
    Study on Treatment and Mining Scheme of Slope Deformation Area in an Open-pit Mine
    WANG Haoran, HOU Chengheng, CHANG Jian, SU Qiang, GUO Ji, LI Xiaoyu
    2023, 39(01):  106. 
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    In order to ensure the safe and efficient mining of coal resources in the open-pit deforma⁃ tion area，the treatment and mining scheme of slope deformation area are studied based on an open-pit mine in China.The geological conditions of the deformation area were studied by collecting geological data， field geological survey and engineering geological investigation. The physical and mechanical indexes of coal and rock mass in deformation area are obtained by comprehensive analysis. The engineering geological model is established.The slope deformation and failure mechanism is studied by numerical simulation method，and the slope treatment and mining scheme is formulated according to the calculation results of slope stability.The results show that: ①the deformation of the slope deformation area is concentrated in the upper part，mainly settlement deformation，and the lower part has stress concentration under the influence of the upper gravity load. The slope deformation failure mode is "circular arc" deformation failure. ②The slope deformation area adopts the technical scheme of treatment before mining，so that the slope in the deformation area can achieve stability and meet the mining requirements.Treatment before mining is the best scheme to ensure safe and efficient mining in slope deformation area under normal working conditions，which has certain guiding significance for slope treatment and resource mining management under similar working conditions.
    Study on Law of Filling Mining on Surface Environment in Mahuangliang Mine
    SONG Yingming, LIU Dongsheng, ZHANG Junfei, QIU Huafu
    2023, 39(01):  111. 
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    In order to ensure the safe and efficient mining of the filling mining under buildings, water bodies and railways，and reduce the impact on the surface facilities and ecological environment. Taking Mahuangliang Mine as the background, based on UDEC numerical simulation and actual observation, the feasibility of strip filling mining under buildings was analysised , finally the subsidence of surface buildings was analyzed. The results shows that the "mining 8 leaving 24" strip filling mining technology can meet the safe and efficient production. Filling mining has little impact on surface buildings and industrial sites in Mahuangliang mining area, and the subsidence is about 10 cm, which is similar to the actual monitoring results and ensures the safety of mining. The results will play an important guiding role in improving the recovery rate of coal resources, extending the service life of the mine, and promoting the sustainable development of the mining area.
    Study on Water Inrush Control Technology of Strong Slime and Strong Water-rich Roadway in an Iron Mine
    YIN Dengcai , SUN Maogui, ZHANG Qing , YIN Tijun
    2023, 39(01):  116. 
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    In the course of developing the underground roadway in an iron mine，a collapse occurred in the face of strong-argillization and water-abundance stratum，which resulted in water and mud inrush. During emergency treatment，the construction of water retaining wall is difficult，and the effect of traditional grouting technology on filling small fissures is poor，which is easy to cause secondary water inrush. In order to solve the above problems，this paper adopts a double retaining wall structure of mud retaining wall to control mud and water retaining wall to control water，and combined with the comprehensive treatment tech⁃ nology of chemical slurry filling tiny cracks and advanced pipe shed pre support.Used double retaining walls to seal and replace the outside mud diorite area of the tunnel excavation contour line，then uses chemical grouting material to fill the small fissures，finally，the advance pipe shed is used to pre-support the broken and weak argillaceous diorite，and a series of measures such as short excavation and short support are adopted in the next tunneling construction to ensure the safe passage of the roadway. Through the practice，this technology can not only effectively prevent the secondary disasters in the emergency construction，it can also be used to reinforce surrounding rock under complicated engineering and hydrogeological conditions，such as soft rock，fine fissures of argillaceous diorite and so on.
    Beneficiation Process Test of a Carbon-bearing Lead-zinc Ore in Anhui Province
    WU Lei , ZHU Guoqing, DU Shuhua, XIA Liang
    2023, 39(01):  120. 
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    In order to efficiently and comprehensively recover a carbon-containing lead-zinc refractory ore in Anhui，an experimental study was conducted on the ore based on the study of ore properties. The results show that the lead concentrate with lead grade of 55.35% and lead recovery of 94.76%，the zinc concentrate with zinc grade of 55.46% and zinc recovery of 91.98%，and the sulfur concentrate with sulfur grade of 43.55% and sulfur recovery of 70.90% were obtained by adopting the lead-zinc preferential flotation process. The optimal flotation process was determined for the recovery and utilization of the ore.
    Research on High Pressure Roller Crushing-Wet Pre-separation Test of Gongchangling Iron Ore
    DONG Lijuan, DU Yanqing, YU Ying, LIU Ruidong, CHENG Fuchao, XIAO He, GAO Feng, YUE Guilin, WANG Jiaqi
    2023, 39(01):  126. 
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    In order to solve the problems of long process and high grinding energy consumption in the existing production process of Gongchangling Concentrator，a high pressure roller crushing-wet preconcentration test was carried out. The results show that under the optimal conditions of roller surface spacing of 10 mm，roller surface pressure of 10.5 MPa，roller surface speed of 14 r/min，feed particle size of -3 mm and magnetic field strength of 240 kA/m，the technical indexes of total iron grade of 36.30%，tailings throwing rate of 31.84% and iron recovery rate of 88.19% can be obtained. This process can improve the processing capacity and iron concentrate production of the concentrator，which is of great significance to improve the economic benefits of the enterprise.
    Study on Process Mineralogy of a Copper-Containing Polymetallic Ore in Jiujiang
    SHUAI Tu, ZHU Lianglinag, CHEN Jiangan, RUAN Huadong
    2023, 39(01):  132. 
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    In order to efficiently utilize a copper ore in Jiujiang，aiming at the problems of complex copper mineral composition and more copper loss，the embedded characteristics of copper in flotation tailings was studied by using MLA and other instruments. The results show that the copper in the ore mainly exists in the form of primary copper sulfide，and its distribution rate is 88.09%. The rest is mainly secondary copper sulfide，accounting for 10.12%. The copper minerals are generally fine-grained，with +0.074 mm fraction accounting for 60.18%，+0.037 mm fraction accounting for 82.52%，and +0.019 mm fraction accounting for 95%. The grain size of galena and sphalerite is small，and the +0.074 mm fraction accounts for 40.25% and 58.58%，respectively. Considering the particle size of minerals，the liberation degree of chalcopyrite is lower than that of pyrite during the grinding process. The dissociation degree of copper min⁃ erals and pyrite in -2 mm raw ore is 34.5% and 59.5% respectively.
    Optimization of Process Parameters of Nickel Sulfate Sulfidation Roasting in Nickel Slag Based on Response Surface Method
    TIAN Jiayi , PENG Xiangyu , WANG Wenwen, WANG Yubin, ZHAO Xin , GUI Wanting
    2023, 39(01):  137. 
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    In order to improve the recovery efficiency of nickel sulfate from nickel-containing waste residue，the sulfidation roasting test of nickel sulfate was carried out by response surface method with pyrite as vulcanizing agent，and the interaction model between roasting temperature and sulfidation roasting effect of nickel sulfate was established. The results show that the roasting temperature and the ratio of raw materials have a significant effect on the roasting effect of nickel sulfate，and the interaction between roast⁃ ing time and the ratio of raw materials has the most significant effect on the roasting effect of nickel sul⁃ fate. The effect model of three factors on the content of nickel sulfide in nickel sulfate roasting product is  Y=-974.428 61+2.278 60X1+0.775 53X2+210.567 90X3-1.377 78×10-3X1X2-0.066 667X1X3+0.347 09X2X3- 1.422 86×10-3X12-3.393 02×10-3X22-59.982 36X32. The optimum process conditions of sulfidation roasting obtained by this model are as follows: roasting temperature 749.582 ℃，roasting time 35.862 min，ratio of ingredients 1.0:1.443. The average value of nickel sulfide content obtained by verification test is 45.20%， and the error between the predicted value of nickel sulfide content obtained by regression analysis is only 0.115%. The accuracy of the test model is high，which has guiding significance for the practical application of nickel sulfate vulcanization roasting process.
    Study on Comprehensive Recovery Process of a Complex Polymetallic Ore Containing Pb-Zn-Au-Ag in Qinghai Province
    PENG Guixiong, HUANGFU Mingzhu, LI Fakun, GONG Minghui, ZHANG Fajun
    2023, 39(01):  143. 
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    In order to rationally develop a Pb-Zn-Au-Ag complex polymetallic ore in Qinghai Prov⁃ ince，a detailed beneficiation test was carried out on the polymetallic ore. The test results show that the effective separation of lead，zinc and sulfur is realized by using the process of preferential separation of leadzinc- sulfur mixed flotation-zinc-sulfur separation when the raw ore was ground to -0.074 mm 65%. A lead concentrate with lead content of 73.62%，zinc content of 1.89% and lead recovery rate of 77.01%，a sulfur concentrate with sulfur grade of 35.47%，lead content of 1.34%，zinc content of 0.73% and sulfur recovery rate of 2.84%，and a zinc concentrate with zinc content of 44.20%，lead content of 1.21% and zinc recovery rate of 87.30% were obtained by a small closed-circuit test in the laboratory. The resource utilization rate was greatly improved and the economic benefit was remarkable.
    Recovery of Niobium from Rare Earth Flotation Tailings of Bayan Obo Mine
    LIU Wenli, DU Wenxiu, CHEN Hongchao, ZENG Yongjie, PENG Haiping, WANG Xing, LIU Jiawei
    2023, 39(01):  148. 
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    In order to improve the comprehensive utilization rate of Bayan Obo Main East Mine re⁃ sources，aiming at the problems of long recovery process of rare earth flotation tailings，too many kinds of reagents，complex reagent system and poor stability of iron separation process in the original design process， the recovery of niobium from rare earth flotation tailings in the comprehensive utilization production line of oxidized ore resources was carried out.According to the difference of specific magnetization coefficient of different minerals，multi-stage magnetic separation operation and flotation-magnetic separation combined process are adopted to remove impurities and discard tailings step by step，and the impurity minerals affecting the separation of niobium minerals are removed to achieve the purpose of effectively enriching niobium minerals. By grinding the rare earth flotation tailings to -0.045 mm 90%，the niobium rough concentrate with niobium grade of 1.69% and niobium recovery of 28.57% can be obtained by using the process flow of mixed flotation-mixed tailings preconcentration-high gradient magnetic separation-high intensity magnetic cleaning separation，which lays a good foundation for the separation of high grade niobium concentrate.
    Study on Mineral Processing Technology of Desliming and Discarding Tailings of a Magnetite Ore in Anhui Province
    JIANG Fengxiang, Hu Cheng, CHUAI Xin, LI Wei , YANG Jun , ZHANG Yakun, YANG Shun
    2023, 39(01):  152. 
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    In order to solve the problem of blockage in the production process of a magnetite mine in Anhui Province，aiming at the problem of large mud content，the desliming and discarding test was carried out on the ore under pre-screening and screening before medium crushing. The results show that: ① The tailings with yield of 48.37%，total iron grade of 13.12% and magnetic iron grade of 4.62% can be discarded by dry magnetic separation process，and the recovery rate of magnetic iron is 79.91%. ② The tailings with yield of 41.80%，total iron grade of 11.78% and magnetic iron grade of 0.64% can be discarded by dry magnetic separation process for 75~20 mm and 20~0 mm raw ore，and comprehensive iron concentrate with total iron grade of 18.37% and magnetic iron grade of 8.81% can be obtained. ③The tailings with yield of 37.75%，total iron grade of 9.35% and magnetic iron grade of 0.33% can be discarded by using high pressure roller mill + wet magnetic separation process. The concentrate grade is increased to 22.89%，the recovery rate of magnetic iron is 98.89%，and the wet preconcentration index is better.
    Optimization of Flotation Process of Refractory Collophanite Based on Simple Lattice Matching Design
    JIANG Xu, LI Jie , FENG Cheng, HAN Yuanyan , CHEN Qiaomei
    2023, 39(01):  156. 
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    Aiming at the problem that it is difficult to improve the grade of phosphate concentrate in a high magnesium and high silica gel collophonite in Yunnan，an experimental study on the beneficiation pro⁃ cess was carried out. The optimum grinding fineness and mixed acid dosage were determined by single factor condition test，and the reverse flotation combined collector was optimized by simplex lattice mixing design method. The ratio of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide，octadecyl dimethyl tertiary ammonium and dodecylamine was used as independent variables，and the grade and recovery rate of phosphate concentrate were used as response dependent variables for fitting. The test results show that the specific gravity of do⁃ decylamine has the greatest influence on the grade and recovery of phosphate concentrate. The optimal ratio of combined collector cetyltrimethylammonium bromide : octadecyl dimethyl tertiary ammonium : dodecylamine optimized by response surface method is 18∶13∶69. On this basis，combined with the best single fac⁃ tor conditions，a phosphate concentrate with P2O5 grade of 31.14% and recovery rate of 80.21% can be obtained by one roughing，one scavenging and one cleaning reverse flotation closed-circuit test，which solves the problem that the quality of the collophane product is not up to the standard.
    Mixed Process Practice of Processing and Sand Preparation of an Iron Ore in Central Shandong Province
    CHEN Shaoxue, CHU Rongchun, YU Qiang
    2023, 39(01):  160. 
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    An iron ore enterprise in central Shandong is a refractory iron ore mine. Superimposing the early market environment factors，the project forecast is difficult to be profitable，and it has not been built for many years. In order to achieve efficient and intensive development of this mineral resource，according to the characteristics of this type of magnetite-based raw ore and the product particle size requirements of the existing sand and gravel market，the iron ore processing and sand and gravel preparation processes are deeply integrated to form a set of processes with two market products. The mixed processing process solves the problems of many equipment，many factories，large land occupation，and many operators in traditional process. While reducing investment and cost，it brings huge economic benefits to the enterprise，and further promotes energy conservation and emission reduction work，which is in line with the national "double carbon" policy.
    Exploration Test for Preparation of Ultra-pure Iron Concentrate from a Hematite Concentrate
    YU Mingjun
    2023, 39(01):  163. 
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    In order to explore the feasibility of preparing ultra-pure iron concentrate from a hematite concentrate，the beneficiation process test was carried out. The hematite concentrate was the product of ma⁃ ghemite mixed ore by removal magnetite，and the total iron grade was 62.74%. By investigating the effects of grinding fineness，dosage of inhibitor and collector in cleaning section on the grade and recovery of hematite concentrate，the appropriate reagent system and process flow were determined. The test results show that the ultra-pure iron concentrate with total iron grade of 68.32% can be obtained by grinding-deslimingone roughing two cleaning reverse flotation of hematite concentrate，and the recovery rate of flotation operation is 78.67%.
    Experimental Study on Beneficiation Process of a High Sulfur Lead-zinc Polymetallic Ore in Inner Mongolia
    ZHANG Ling , LI Tianen
    2023, 39(01):  168. 
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    In order to efficiently recycle a high-sulfur lead-zinc polymetallic ore in Inner Mongolia， an experimental study was carried out on the preferential flotation process of lead，zinc and sulfur，aiming at the characteristics of complex mineral composition，interstitial filling and cementation between sphalerite，galenite and pyrite，large bending change of contact surface，complex dissemination relationship and fine parti⁃ cle size. The lead concentrate grade of 45.29% and recovery rate of 38.83%，gold grade of 2.66 g/t，silver grade of 59.70 g/t，zinc concentrate grade of 46.80% and recovery rate of 81.52%，sulfur concentrate grade of 48.63% and recovery rate of 84.19% are obtained by experiment，which provides a reliable technical basis for the production of concentrator.
    Study on Beneficiation Technology of a Hematite Abroad
    WANG Ronglin, LI Mingjun, CHANG Luping, LIU Jun
    2023, 39(01):  172. 
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    The main iron minerals of an iron ore abroad are hematite and magnetite, and the content of harmful impurities sulfur and phosphorus is low. In order to make efficient use of the iron ore resources, experimental research was carried out. The results show that the iron concentrate with yield of 55.98%, iron grade of 65.26% and iron recovery of 74.40% can be obtained by using stage grinding-stage high intensity magnetic separation process, and the separation index is good. At the same time, the tailings produced by grinding and separation can also be classified into a variety of by-products for building materials. While completing the effective recovery of iron minerals, the resource utilization of tailings is realized, which provides a reference for the efficient utilization of similar ore resources.
    Experimental Study on Sulfur Reduction and Quality Improvement of Iron Concentrate in Zhongguan Iron Mine
    ZHANG Qingbo, REN Jianhui , HUI Jingxin , LIU Cong , LIU Yunlong
    2023, 39(01):  176. 
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    In order to reduce the sulfur content in the iron concentrate powder of low intensity mag⁃ netic separation in Zhongguan Iron Mine，the tower grinding-magnetic separation sulfur reduction test，flotation sulfur reduction test，-0.045 mm particle size elutriation and full particle size elutriation test with different grinding fineness were carried out. The results show that the sulfur in iron concentrate mainly exists in +0.045 mm fraction，and flotation desulfurization is preferred in +0.045 mm fraction，which can ba⁃ sically meet the production requirements and effectively reduce the production cost. If the sulfur content in iron concentrate is high，the -0.045 mm product can be treated by elutriation machine，which can not only reduce the sulfur content in iron concentrate，but also improve the iron grade of concentrate.
    Separation Process Optimization of a Concentrator in Benxi
    LUO Lin
    2023, 39(01):  180. 
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    In order to stabilize the separation index of field production，further open the intergrowth of magnetite，dissociate gangue minerals，and improve the enrichment of iron concentrate in the subsequent magnetic separation process，the technology of fine grinding and re-dressing of iron concentrate was studied by using TM series tower mills which were independently developed by Sinosteel Tianyuan Technology Co.，Ltd. The results show that when the grinding fineness is -0.038 mm 70% and the magnetic separa⁃ tion field is 800 mT，the grade of magnetic separation concentrate is 71.51% and the recovery rate is 97.84%，application results is obvious. Ultra-pure iron concentrate can be prepared by TM series tower mill for ultrafine grinding and magnetic separation with wet weak magnetic separator.
    Experimental Study on Flotation Index Optimization of a Copper-nickel Sulfide Ore
    FENG Yan, SONG Zhenguo, CHEN Kangkang, CHEN Guoju, YANG Hong, LIU Liyan
    2023, 39(01):  183. 
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    A copper-nickel sulfide ore has the problems of low flotation recovery and high magnesium content in concentrate. In order to optimize its flotation index，an optimization test was carried out. The results show that the addition of regulator BC can increase the floating speed of copper-nickel minerals and reduce the gangue inclusions in the foam. After adding the regulator BC in the closed-circuit test，the copper and nickel metal recovery rate increased from 78.72% and 80.88% to 81.68% and 85.37%，respectively，and the magnesium oxide grade in the concentrate decreased from 9.41% to 8.34%.
    Uncertainty Evaluation for Acid Soluble Fe(Ⅱ) of Natural & Agglomerate Iron Ore
    SONG Fei, MA Li, CHEN Zhe, DING Shibing, GUAN Song
    2023, 39(01):  187. 
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    In order to evaluate the uncertainty of measurement of acid soluble ferrous content in iron ores by potassium dichromate redox titration，a mathematical evaluation model was established through sample pretreatment，chemical reaction process and titration of potassium dichromate and acid soluble ferrous. Through Cochrane test，it was concluded that there was no significant difference in the daily detection accuracy of acid-soluble ferrous iron，and regression analysis showed that there was no significant correla⁃ tion between the standard deviation and acid-soluble ferrous iron content. The combined sample standard deviation was taken as the Type A uncertainty. The source of Type B uncertainty mainly involves the errors of balance，burette and volumetric bottle，etc. They are quantified one by one and synthesized by mathe⁃ matical model，so as to calculate the synthetic uncertainty and extended uncertainty.Finally，the measured value of ferrous oxide is between 0.2% and 20%，and the Type A uncertainty of a single test is 0.06%. During the evaluation process，it was found that the titration volume was the largest source of uncertainty. The experimental improvement measures were to appropriately expand the titration volume and use a buret with higher accuracy.
    Design of an Iron Ore Concentrator in Huaibei and Comprehensive Utilization of Tailings
    XUE Chen
    2023, 39(01):  191. 
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    In order to efficiently develop and utilize an iron ore resource in Huaibei，based on the study of ore properties，beneficiation test and concentrator design were carried out. The stage grinding-low intensity magnetic separation process is recommended in the beneficiation test，and the iron concentrate with iron grade of 65.79% and recovery of 93.55% can be obtained. The design of the concentrator for the iron mine adopts two stage closed circuit crushing，wet preconcentration-two stage grinding，stage grinding and separation process. Under the condition of one stage grinding fineness -0.074 mm 55% and two stage grinding fineness -0.074 mm 90%，the iron concentrate with iron grade of 65.00% and recovery rate of 93.55% can be obtained through three stage magnetic separation operation. The comprehensive utilization of dry separation waste rock and tailings improves the comprehensive benefits of the concentrator.
    Experimental Study on Calcination of a Dolomite in Henan
    LI Wei, SHAO Shiwei, DENG Xiaoke
    2023, 39(01):  195. 
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    In order to find out the burning loss and activity of dolomite after calcination of a dolomite mine in Henan，the calcination test was carried out to study the different differences of dolomite at different calcination temperatures and time. The decomposition temperature of dolomite was obtained by differential thermal analysis. When the calcination temperature and time of dolomite were 1 100 ℃ and 90 min，the ignition loss and activity after calcination reached the maximum，the ignition loss was 47.36%，and the activ⁃ ity was 225.6 mL. The chemical composition of the calcined product was mainly MgO and CaO，and the content was 40.50% and 55.68%，respectively. The material composition is mainly limestone and peri⁃ clase，and the content is 54% and 41% respectively. The results show that the suitable calcination tempera⁃ ture of dolomite is 1 100~1 150 ℃，and the suitable time is 30~90 min. The main components are limestone and periclase.
    Technology Selection and Application of Green Production System in Zinc Smelting
    ZHANG Cun, LIU Bingbing, JI Changqing
    2023, 39(01):  198. 
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    In the process of zinc smelting，waste water，waste gas and waste residue are produced. The waste water mostly contains heavy metals such as arsenic，mercury and zinc.The waste gas contains toxic gases such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide，and the waste residue contains heavy metals such as zinc，arsenic and cadmium.The direct discharge of the above "three wastes" dose not meet the requirements of environmental protection and pollutes the environment at the same time. In order to solve the prob⁃ lem of "three wastes" treatment in a zinc smelting enterprise in Xinjiang and realize the green metallurgy process，based on the comparative analysis of the existing waste removal process，the biological agent meth⁃ od is used to treat waste acid wastewater，and zinc oxide desulfurization method is used to treat waste gas， rotary kiln slag treatment method is used to treat waste residue，and carry out green smelting of heavy metal cadmium slag. Finally，zero waste water discharge can be realized，the exhaust gas SO2 emission index is less than 100 mg/Nm3，and the waste slag can realize harmless.The cadmium content in the exhaust gas of cadmium smelting is less than 0.85 mg/Nm3，which achieve the double benefits of environmental protection and economy.
    Application of New Ceramic Grinding Medium in Energy Saving and Consumption Reduction of Iron Ore Fine Grinding
    NIE Xin, WANG Kunsheng, ZHOU Honglin, ZHOU Zhou
    2023, 39(01):  202. 
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    In order to reduce the operation cost of iron ore concentrator and improve the utilization rate of iron ore resources，based on the grinding characteristics of fine grinding operation and the grinding characteristics of new ceramic grinding medium，the important use direction of new ceramic grinding medium is obtained through experiments. Improving the filling rate of medium can be applied to the fine grinding operation of domestic iron ore concentrator. Industrial application shows that the new ceramic grinding medium has obvious advantages in energy saving and consumption reduction compared with steel balls， and the cost reduction effect is remarkable. It also has positive significance in improving the particle size distribution of fine grinding products.
    Beneficiation Efficiency Prediction of Double Impeller Flotation Machine Based on BP Neural Network
    CHEN Fei, SUI Jiefei, LI Zhili, ZHANG Zeqiang, QIN Fang, TANG Yuan, HE Dongsheng
    2023, 39(01):  207. 
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    In order to ensure that the flotation machine has sufficient aeration and can produce the static separation environment required for mineral flotation，a double impeller control system flotation machine is designed by combining the centrifugal impeller with the stirring impeller. Based on the previous research，by fixing the structural parameters of the centrifugal impeller of the double-impeller flotation machine，selecting the diameter and speed of the impeller of the double-impeller flotation machine as the in⁃ put factors，and the beneficiation efficiency of the phosphate rock as the output factor，the prediction model of the beneficiation efficiency of the double-impeller flotation machine was established，and the accura⁃ cy of the model was tested by samples. The results show that the established BP neural network model can accurately predict the beneficiation efficiency of double impeller flotation machine，and the relative error between the predicted value and the experimental value is generally less than 5%. The established prediction model of beneficiation efficiency can be used for optimal control and decision-making of flotation pa⁃ rameters of double impeller flotation machine，which can reduce the amount of test and save manpower， material resources and time.
    Application of Alumina Balls in the Second Stage Grinding Operations of Sizhou Concentrator
    ZHANG Jinhua, LI Yongfeng
    2023, 39(01):  211. 
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    In order to reduce the ball milling medium consumption and grinding power consumption in the second-stage grinding operation of Sizhou concentrator，aiming at the shortcomings of high selfconsumption and high grinding power consumption of traditional grinding medium steel balls in the grinding process，the experimental study on the substitution of alumina ceramic balls for steel balls was carried out. Through the ratio test of alumina balls with different ball diameters in the laboratory and the compari⁃ son test of grinding medium filling rate in the production site，it is concluded that when the mass ratio of ball diameters of 35 mm and 25 mm are 6∶4 and the filling rate of grinding medium is 36%，the content of -0.074 mm in grinding products is the highest and the grinding process is the most stable. By analyzing the comparative test data of steel ball and alumina ball production，it can be seen that alumina ball can reduce the unit consumption of grinding power by about 30% and the unit consumption of medium by 66%. The economic benefit is remarkable and has the value of popularization.
    Application Practice of the Disc Dump Magnetic Separator Recycling Machine in Zhongguan Iron Mine
    LIU Yunlong, ZHANG Yikun , XIE Anming , LI Yanke
    2023, 39(01):  215. 
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    In order to improve the recovery rate of iron tailings in the concentrator and reduce the loss rate of iron metal，on the basis of the original process flow，ZX15-8 disc self-unloading magnetic separation and recovery machine was added to the tailings chute in Zhongguan Iron Mine，and the tailings recov⁃ ery process flow was optimized. The optimization results show that the iron recovery rate of tailings can be improved by changing the height of the rear baffle of the disc dump magnetic separator (the best is 300 mm)，the slurry flow rate (the best angle between the feeding reducer and the feeding chute is 90°) and the components in the slurry tank (the guide plate and the stirring block are mixed). The successful application of the equipment can not only ensure the yield of iron concentrate，but also provide a feasible way to im⁃ prove the recovery rate of tailings，and the economic benefit is remarkable.
    Application of S7-1500 DCS in Control System of Vertical Mill
    LIAO Shida
    2023, 39(01):  218. 
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    In order to realize the centralized management and decentralized control of the workshop equipment，improve the production efficiency and reduce the labor cost，aiming at the problem of whether the vertical mill of the main equipment of the cementitious material plant can be connected to the S7-1500 DCS，the structure of the vertical mill，the control principle of the hydraulic system，the control principle of the lubrication system，the control principle of the main motor system and the communication principle of Siemens PLC are studied. The automatic control system based on S7-1500PLC is obtained. Through the S7 communication between Siemens S7-1500PLC and vertical mill CPU Siemens S7-1200PLC，the remote control，condition monitoring，fault warning and other functions of vertical mill can be realized，which improves the production efficiency of vertical mill and reduces the labor cost.
    Research on the Manufacturing Process of ZXT Vibrating Screen Box
    WU Zezhou, TU Xiaoqin , ZENG Aimin
    2023, 39(01):  221. 
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    In order to improve the reliability of mass production of ZXT large-scale linear vibrating screen after design，aiming at the industrial problem that the manufacturing factors of vibrating screen after large-scale design will have a higher influence on the operation reliability of screen box，the manufacturing process factors affecting the manufacturing quality of vibrating screen box are analyzed and studied. The process improvement measures are put forward from the aspects of raw material quality control，hot processing deformation control，internal stress control，machining accuracy control and assembly process control. The results show that the optimized manufacturing process can reliably avoid the early failure phenomena such as beam fracture and side plate cracking of the vibrating screen box，and prolong the service life of the screen box，thus accumulating rich experience for the production and manufacture of large screen box.
    Investigation and Analysis of Occupational Hazards in a Mining Company in Anhui Province
    WANG Xun
    2023, 39(01):  225. 
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    In order to study the occupational hazards and the degree of occupational hazards in the mining process of metal mines，field investigation，sampling and laboratory testing were carried out for the current situation of occupational hazards in a mining company in Anhui Province. The occupational disease protection measures，personal protective equipment and occupational health management of the enterprise were studied，and the methods of occupational health field investigation，checklist analysis and occupational health detection were used for analysis. Through analysis，it is concluded that the detection results of oc⁃ cupational hazard factors in some workplaces of the enterprise exceed the standard，and the noise of some workplaces exceeds the national limit. In the future，it is necessary to strengthen on-site engineering protection and individual protection，and further improve the occupational health monitoring of employees.
    Research on the Identification of Solid Waste Properties of an Unknown Copper-containing Material
    HU Xiaoxia LYU Xiaohua ZHANG Jinlong WANG Ting BAOLATI·Shalitanati
    2023, 39(01):  230. 
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    In order to strengthen the supervision of solid waste at ports and effectively curb the illegal flow of solid waste into China，a batch of copper-containing materials controlled by customs due to abnormal appearance were taken as cases，and the solid waste properties of the materials were identified by Xray fluorescence spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results show that the samples mainly contain iron， sulfur，silicon，calcium，copper，zinc and other elements. The main phases of the sample are pyrite，sphalerite，ferrous sulfide，zinc and iron sulfide，gypsum，arsenopyrite，chalcocite，hematite，jarosite，quartzite，barite，jarosite and other components. Based on the appearance and physical and chemical properties of the samples，combined with the relevant literature and research results，it is concluded that the samples are derived from natural copper ore，iron ore，zinc ore and iron-zinc polymetallic ore，without solid waste， which provides a scientific basis for customs import supervision and effective utilization of resources.
    Study on Dynamic Load Mine Pressure Mechanism and Prevention Technology in Shallow Coal Seam Mining Through Valley Area
    GUO Zhongan , ZHAO Qisheng, YIN Cong
    2023, 39(01):  235. 
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    When the shallow coal seam is mined through the valley area，if there is a lack of key stra⁃ ta，it is easy to cause the instability of the overburden structure and induce the dynamic mine pressure. Based on the research background of the support crushing accident occurred during the 1305-2 working face of Zhujiamao Coal Mine passing through the first valley，the key strata position and support crushing mechanism were analyzed based on the field survey and theoretical derivation，and the dynamic load mine pressure prevention and control technology was proposed. The research shows that the main reason for the support crushing accident is that there is no lateral horizontal restraint force due to the local loss of the main key strata of the roof overburden rock，the " masonry beam " structure appears to slide and destabilize，and the mine pressure of the working face is induced in the form of dynamic load. Through mechanical derivation，it is concluded that reducing the periodic weighting step of the working face can effectively alle⁃ viate the dynamic mine pressure behavior，and the combined prevention and control technology of deep hole blasting and hydraulic fracturing is used to deal with the roof strata of the working face during the working face passing through the second valley. The final periodic weighting step is reduced from 18 m to 12 m，and no support crushing accident occurs，which ensures the safe production of the working face.
    Application of Sand Aggregate Processing Technology in South China
    SUN Jiangxian
    2023, 39(01):  240. 
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    In order to respond to national policies，reduce natural sand and gravel mining，increase the production of manufactured sand and gravel，and achieve the purpose of protecting the ecological environment，a stone field in South China uses granite for construction to produce crushed stone aggregates and manufactured sand products. A dry-wet combination process of pre-screening-multi-stage screening and crushing-wet sand washing was proposed. The fine-grained mud powder is pre-screened by mud powder screening，and then three kinds of sand and stone aggregate products and stone powder are obtained by four-stage closed-circuit crushing and screening. At the same time，the by-product fine-grained mud powder and stone powder can be used as raw materials to enter the manufactured sand production line with the mining stripping material to produce manufactured sand. The tailings and mud powder can also be used as raw materials for porcelain making. Through this process，the utilization rate of ore and operation efficiency are improved，and the utilization of resources is maximized.
    Investigation and Diagnosis of a 16 m³ Flotation Series Process
    WANG Xiaokai , LIU Borui
    2023, 39(01):  243. 
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    In order to find out the problems and separation effect of titanium 16 m3 flotation series， the process mineralogy of flotation feed，titanium concentrate and tailings was studied. The foam，particle size distribution of single flotation machine and the main elements（TiO2）of foam and underflow products in each operation were analyzed. At the same time，the aeration volume，air dispersion and foam loading rate of pulp phase of each single flotation machine were sampled and analyzed. The analysis results show that the flotation time of the rough scavenging and cleaning three operations is insufficient，and the enrichment ratio of the fourth cleaning operations is not high. The bubble load rate of the scavenging operation decreases sharply during the rising process，and the ilmenite lost in the tailings is mainly monomer，and is mainly coarse-grained ilmenite. It is recommended to control the floating particle size on site to reduce the content of +0.15 mm particle size in flotation feed，increase the automatic control of gas volume and liquid level braking control system，realize the coordinated control of multiple operations，and ensure the control accuracy.
    Design and Application of Automatic Production Information Platform in an Iron Mine
    XU Dan
    2023, 39(01):  247. 
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    In order to realize the development goal of "mechanized replacement of personnel，automatic reduction of personnel，intelligent unmanned" in intelligent mines，an iron mine in Hebei Province adopts the unified standard underground mine gigabit industrial Ethernet ring network framework，and puts forward the idea of building a comprehensive automatic production information platform.Wired or wireless mine communication system，mine safety monitoring system，mine personnel positioning system and mine video monitoring system were constructed.A "four-in-one" sharing and sharing network integration platform that integrates data transmission，data processing，voice communication and video surveillance was built.Underground mining process information sharing and emergency linkage function was developed.After the application of the mine platform，the direct economic benefits of 3.99 million yuan and indirect economic benefits of 2.48 million yu，an are generated.The level of mine safety production management，meets the needs of modern intelligent mine construction was improved，and the process of realizing intelligent mine was expedited，which has high promotion significance and reference value.
    Application of Data Mining Algorithm in Laboratory Information Management System
    LI Qianhui
    2023, 39(01):  251. 
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    Coal mine safety laboratory has more than 30 existing experimental projects,the experimen⁃ tal project involves prediction of coal seam gas gushing, gas drainage technology, and prevention and control of coal and gas outburst. The existing laboratory information management system has accumulated mas⁃ sive experimental data. In order to explore the valuable information hidden behind the data at a deeper level, the data mining algorithm is applied, the laboratory information management system collectes a large number of data as the original data for preprocessing.The K-means clustering algorithm is used to establish the clustering model of the original data properties, and the fuzzy C-means algorithm is used for optimization and improvement. The results show that the evaluation results are consistent with the reality. The two data mining methods can effectively analyze the coal and gas outburst risk, and assist the coal and gas disas⁃ ter prevention. The application of data mining algorithm in the laboratory information management system can provide effective technical support for gas disaster prevention and control.
    Practical Research on Green Mine Evaluation Index
    WANG Liang, HU Tingting, DENG Jiushuai
    2023, 39(01):  255. 
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    The green mine evaluation index plays an important guiding role in the declaration of green mines by mining enterprises and the third-party evaluation. Based on the green mine evaluation index，combined with 100 sets of green mine evaluation reports or third-party evaluation reports studied，the evaluation index is divided into three categories according to the application characteristics of the standard，and the direction of index modification from the perspective of basic characteristics，the key work to be done when creating characteristics and the key points to be grasped by the evaluation institutions from the perspective of evaluation characteristics are analyzed. The results show that the current green mine evaluation index some problems，such as improper weight distribution，the evaluation method needs to be im⁃ proved，and the pertinence should be strengthened. The management and system of the third-party evaluation institutions need to be improved，and the ability and professional quality of the evaluators need to be improved. Finally，some suggestions are put forward in terms of optimizing the green mine evaluation index，strengthening the learning of all parties on the evaluation index，and improving the management of third-party evaluation institutions，which will provide reference for the construction and development of green mines in the future.
    Application Practice of Fine Sand Recovery Process in Wastewater Treatment System of Mixing Station
    FU Guitai, SUN Wei, WANG Wei, LI Jiawei
    2023, 39(01):  261. 
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    In order to optimize the treatment process of "three wastes" in concrete mixing station and improve the environment of the plant, the solid-liquid separation process of wastewater was studied for the problems of wastewater and waste residue produced in the production and operation of mixing station. By optimizing and improving the traditional wastewater treatment process, the fine sand recovery process is applied to the wastewater treatment system of the mixing station. The +75 μm fine sand is efficiently recovered by centrifugal separation principle to form three products of aggregate, sand and mud, which can effectively separate and recover the wastewater and waste residue of the mixing station. The wastewater is reused for production. The recovery rate of +75 μm fine sand is increased from 68.86% to more than 99.00%, and the zero discharge of wastewater is successfully realized. The resource recovery rate is 100%.