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Table of Content

    25 May 2026, Volume 42 Issue 05
    Previous Issue   
    Research on Data Acquisition of Industrial Internet of Things in a Copper Mine Dispatching System
    QIU Jie
    2026, 42(05):  1-6. 
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    In order to improve the management efficiency and real-time data of the production site， a copper mine has carried out the research and deployment of the three-dimensional visual scheduling sys⁃ tem and the industrial Internet of Things data acquisition platform in view of the problem that the original scheduling system control large screen has been running for many years and can not meet the current pro⁃ duction management needs and the data of each plant area are independent of each other and difficult to converge and connect in real time.A digital twin that is“synchronized”with the physical world is construct⁃ ed，covering key links such as concentrators，roasting plants，smelters，220 kV substations，and test de⁃ tection. Through various industrial protocols such as OPC DA，OPC UA，and IEC61850，real-time data collection，aggregation，and connectivity of each production plant are realized，and real-time and histori⁃ cal data support is provided for the upper three-dimensional visualization system through the RESTFUL API.
    Reformation and Application of Crushing Automatic Control System in Anqing Copper Mine
    JIANG Nina
    2026, 42(05):  7-11. 
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    In order to promote the intelligent development of mines and improve the automatic con⁃ trol level of crushing system in Anqing Copper Mine，the crushing system is upgraded to solve the prob⁃ lems of serious aging of components，high failure rate of operation and low automation of control system in the original crushing system.By using Siemens PLC + domestic signal module + coal safety protection sen⁃ sor，the automatic control of belt conveyor is realized. Through the upper computer configuration software ForceControl，the original crusher control，screening system and dust removal system are integrated. With the on-site intelligent video monitoring，the centralized control of the on-site centralized control room and the remote central control room is realized.The field application results show that the whole process of the modified crushing process has realized automatic production，and the solutions to the problems such as un⁃ stable operation of the voice broadcast system and long response time of RS-485 communication in the sys⁃ tem debugging are given，which improves the operation efficiency and automatic control level of the crush⁃ ing system.
    Research on the Design of Multi-source Intelligent Decision-making Platform for Mining Industry and the Application of Mining Scene Adaptation
    DU Ting WANG Zhaojing MENG Shaoyong
    2026, 42(05):  12-15，21. 
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    In view of the fragmentation of data sources，low collection efficiency，poor data consis⁃ tency and high professional operation threshold in the mining field，combined with the urgent need for digi⁃ tal transformation in the mine production line，an intelligent decision-making platform for multi-source da⁃ ta adapted to the mining scene is designed and implemented.The platform adopts the modular architecture of“data layer-service layer-application layer”. The data layer supports more than 15 types of multi-source heterogeneous data access，and adapts to Modbus TCP sensor protocol and multi-source data interface standard.The business layer realizes the standardized processing of geological，policy，market and other data through the mining-specific data governance and multi-algorithm collaboration module.The applica⁃ tion layer provides low-threshold scenario-based services for full-chain personnel such as geology，min⁃ ing，mineral processing，production，and management.The batch incremental acquisition time of the plat⁃ form can be reduced to 0.6 h，which is 83.3%～94.5% higher than that of manual acquisition. The data er⁃ ror rate is low，and the efficiency of non-professionals to generate exclusive reports is significantly higher than that of traditional methods.Some scenes of the platform have been verified by special adaptation verifi⁃ cation，which can provide efficient and landing technical solutions for the digital transformation of mining enterprises，and have wide promotion and application value.
    Full Anchor Cable Collaborative Repair Support Technology for Large Deformation Soft Rock Roadway under Mining Influence
    LIU Xiangsheng
    2026, 42(05):  16-21. 
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    In order to solve the engineering problems of surrounding rock instability and poor support reliability after roadway repair in soft rock strata under the mining influence，taking the belt roadway in the west wing of Gaojiazhuang Coal Mine as the engineering background，aiming at the large deformation disas⁃ ter of roadway induced by secondary mining，the research methods of fracture detection，theoretical calcu⁃ lation，numerical simulation and field industrial test are used to compare and analyze the bearing charac⁃ teristics of four support forms of bolt，U-shaped steel shed，long anchor cable and short anchor cable. The theoretical calculation results show that the short anchor cable support strength is the highest，and the U�shaped steel shed support strength is the lowest. The comprehensive support performance and economy de⁃ termine the long and short anchor cable combined full anchor cable support scheme. Numerical simulation verifies that the support system can significantly inhibit the convergence of the two sides of the roadway and the deformation of the floor heave. The field application shows that the full anchor cable support can make the anchor cable of the broken surrounding rock section closely fit the rock surface and improve the sur⁃ rounding rock stress environment. After the repair，there is no obvious deformation in the roof and two sides of the roadway，and only the floor has slight floor heave. The steel consumption of the roadway is 580 kg，and the daily maintenance footage can reach 4 m. The support scheme has high construction efficiency and low support cost，and can effectively control the large deformation of mining roadway in soft rock stra⁃ ta，which can provide engineering reference for roadway repair project under similar geological conditions.
    Instability Mechanism and Collaborative Support Technology of Coal Side Open-off Cut Roadway of Large-span Soft
    CHANG Fuwei HUI Chunwei
    2026, 42(05):  22-26. 
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    In order to solve the problem of surrounding rock instability control of open-off cut road⁃ way of large-span soft coal side，taking the large-span open-off cut roadway of 12306 working face in Wangjialing Mine as the engineering background，the non-coordinated deformation and failure mechanism of roadway top and side under the original support condition is analyzed by means of field observation，in�situ stress test and borehole fracture monitoring. The results show that the strength of the coal body in the side is low，the plastic zone of the surrounding rock exceeds the range of bolt support，and the medium tec⁃ tonic stress field jointly induces the disaster of roadway bulging and spalling. Based on this，a collaborative control technology of strong side support + low disturbance step-by-step excavation is proposed. The length of the side bolt is extended to 2.5 m，the preload torque is increased to 300 N·m，and the excava⁃ tion process of the two pilot tunnels is optimized. Based on the micro-element algorithm，a quantitative characterization method of fracture density of borehole image is established. The monitoring data show that the average fracture rate of surrounding rock is reduced from 0.72% to 0.44% in the range of 4 m shallow coal. The maximum axial forces of the side bolts and the roof anchor cables are 56.26 kN and 116.86 kN， respectively，accounting for only 35.83% and 20.04% of their respective yield loads. The optimization scheme effectively improves the problem of non-coordinated deformation of roof and side，and the control effect of surrounding rock is good，which can provide reference for similar large-span soft coal side open�off cut roadway support project.
    Optimization and Engineering Application of Mining Method for a Steeply Inclined Metamorphic Iron Mine
    WANG Yongmeng LI Heling FU Xinkai XU Zhonghua ZHU Shilin
    2026, 42(05):  27-31. 
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    Liguanji Iron Mine is a typical steeply inclined Anshan-type sedimentary metamorphic iron deposit，and the ore bodies are mainly thin and medium-thick. The mine originally adopted the pillar upward horizontal cut-and-fill mining method，which has problems such as low mechanization degree， limited production efficiency and prominent potential safety hazards caused by open stope operation，mak⁃ ing it difficult to meet the requirements of safe and efficient production. To optimize the mining process and improve resource recovery rate and intrinsic safety level，a combined mining scheme dominated by the sub⁃ level open-stope subsequent filling mining method and supplemented by the original mining method was determined based on the engineering geological conditions of the mining area. Intelligent mining equipment was upgraded correspondingly，including CYTC70 mining drilling jumbo and remote-controlled scraper， realizing full-process mechanization and intellectualization of drilling，shoveling，transportation and hoist⁃ ing. An industrial test was carried out in the test stope arranged at the -575 m middle section. The applica⁃ tion results show that the ore drawing capacity per shift is increased by 112.50% to 1 191 t/shift; the ore block recovery rate is increased from 91.14% to 95.00%; the direct mining cost of stope is reduced by 25.25%; and the labor quota of stope is decreased by 25.00%. The optimized scheme eliminates manual open stope operation and adopts combined bolt-mesh-shotcrete support，which greatly improves the under⁃ ground operating environment. With reliable technology and prominent economic benefits，the optimized mining scheme is suitable for similar steeply inclined metamorphic iron mines，and can provide engineer⁃ing references for mining process upgrading of analogous mines.
    Research on Influencing Factors and Prediction Models of Height of Water-conducting Fracture Zones in Coal Seams in the Northwestern Region
    SUN Jianxi JU Zhaoqiang ZHANG Feng ZHANG Peisen CHEN Juntao CHEN Wenhao
    2026, 42(05):  32-37. 
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    To improve the accuracy of predicting the height of water-conducting fracture zones in coal mines in the northwestern region，and to clarify the main influencing factors and their action patterns， 50 sets of measured data on the height of water-conducting fracture zones in this area were collected. The factors of coal seam burial depth，mining height，working face inclination length，and inclination angle were selected as the influencing indicators. The Spearman correlation coefficient，grey correlation degree analysis，and multiple linear regression method were comprehensively used to analyze the influencing fac⁃ tors of the height of water-conducting fracture zones and to construct a prediction model for the height of water-conducting fracture zones. The results show that the mining height and coal seam burial depth are significantly positively correlated with the height of water-conducting fracture zones，with Spearman corre⁃ lation coefficients of 0.794 and 0.745 respectively，and they are the dominant factors controlling the height of water-conducting fracture zones；the overall correlation between the working face inclination length and inclination angle is weak. The grey correlation degree analysis indicates that there are phased differences in the degree of influence of different factors under different mining heights. When the mining height is less than 9 m，the influence order is mining height，working face inclination length，coal seam burial depth， and inclination angle；when the mining height is greater than 9 m，the influence of coal seam burial depth increases，and the influence order is mining height，coal seam burial depth，working face inclination length，and inclination angle. Based on this，two multiple linear regression prediction models were estab⁃ lished，with average relative errors of 11.99% and 13.41%，which are significantly lower than the calcula⁃ tion errors of the normative empirical formulas，indicating that the established models have good prediction accuracy and regional applicability，and can provide a reference for the prevention of roof water disasters and the prediction of the height of water-conducting fracture zones in coal mines in the northwestern region.
    Optimization of Stope Span in Deep Iron Mine Based on Cusp Catastrophe Theory
    ZHANG Guoquan YOU Zilong ZHANG Zenggui FENG Qing ZHANG Yong WANG Ping
    2026, 42(05):  38-44，52. 
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    To solve the surrounding rock instability induced by high in-situ stress in deep metal mines，taking the -450~-540 m sublevel of a skarn-type iron mine as the engineering background，an op⁃ timization study on ore chamber span is conducted targeting the problems of unreasonable stope parameters and poor mining stability existing in the sublevel open stoping with backfilling method. A fixed-beam me⁃ chanical model of the roof is established by the cusp catastrophe theory，and the theoretical ultimate span of the roof is calculated to be 17.24 m，based on which three preliminary span schemes of 12 m，15 m and 18 m are selected. Numerical simulation is carried out with FLAC3D ，rock mass parameters are converted based on the Hoek-Brown criterion，and the Mohr-Coulomb criterion is adopted to compare and analyze the surrounding rock stability. The results show that the ore chamber span presents a non-linear positive cor⁃ relation with roof subsidence and tensile stress. The roof subsidence of 12 m and 15 m spans is 29.00 mm and 36.68 mm respectively，with good stability. The subsidence of 18 m span reaches 52.30 mm，and the plastic zone area is 115% larger than that of 12 m span，indicating progressive failure of surrounding rock. Considering both safety and production efficiency，the optimal ore chamber span is determined as 15 m. The research method integrating theoretical analysis with numerical simulation can provide reference for stope structure design and surrounding rock control in similar deep mines.
    Study on Gas Migration Characteristics of Random Rougness Fractures Based on PerlinN-GF-RA Algorithm
    XUE Ensi
    2026, 42(05):  45-52. 
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    Coal seam fracture roughness is a key factor affecting gas migration characteristics. Accu⁃ rate characterization of rough fracture structures is of great engineering significance for the optimization of coal mine gas drainage and disaster prevention and control. To clarify the action mechanism of roughness on gas migration，the PerlinN-GF-RA algorithm was adopted to construct three-dimensional stochastic fracture models with controllable roughness，and a mathematical model of roughness is established com⁃ bined with the response surface regression method. The determination coefficient of the model reaches 98.92%，showing favorable fitting accuracy. Numerical simulations are carried out by using COMSOL， and four groups of roughness gradients and three inlet flow velocity working conditions are set to analyze the influence law of fracture roughness on gas flow parameters. The results show that with the increase of roughness，the uniformity of pressure distribution in fractures decreases，the extreme pressure rises from 5.59×1010 Pa to 7.07×1010 Pa，and the fluctuation of pressure head intensifies. The increase of roughness enhances fluid disturbance and deteriorates the stability of gas flow velocity. Under the same flow velocity condition，gas emission capacity is negatively correlated with roughness. When the roughness Ra is 8 and the flow velocity is 4.5 m/s，the peak gas emission capacity is 0.28 m3 /s. The promoting effect of initial flow velocity on gas emission gradually weakens with the increase of roughness. This study clarifies the internal mechanism of fracture roughness affecting gas migration，and can provide theoretical references for mine gas prediction，outburst risk assessment and gas drainage scheme optimization.
    Analysis and Optimization of Stope Structural Parameters of Phosphate Mine Based on Response Surface Methodology
    ZHANG Xiaoqing WEI Xueqian
    2026, 42(05):  53-57，68. 
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    In order to scientifically select the structural parameters of underground phosphate mine stopes，the response surface methodology is adopted to carry out multi-level comprehensive optimization of stope structural parameters from the perspectives of safety and economy. Four parameters including stope length and stope width are selected as experimental factors for an underground phosphate mine，and the theoretical levels of each experimental factor are fuzzily fitted according to actual production conditions. Taking stope roof displacement as the safety index and stope direct production cost as the economic index， a response surface methodology test scheme for multi-level safety and economy optimization of stope struc⁃ tural parameters was designed. The Design-Expert software is used to analyze the influences of stope struc⁃ tural parameters and their interaction factors on stope safety，and the key influencing factors of stope safety are obtained. The roof displacement values of 100 groups of stope structural parameter combinations are simulated and predicted，and 69 groups of stope structural parameter combinations with qualified safety were selected. The influences of stope structural parameters and their interaction factors on stope economy are analyzed，and the key influencing factors of stope economy were determined. Furthermore，3 groups of optimal economic combinations are further screened from the safety-qualified parameter combinations. Combining the roof displacement values of each combination，the stope structural parameter combination with stope length 70 m，stope width 16 m，stope height 4.5 m and pillar spacing 10 m is recommended as the comprehensive optimal scheme with good safety and economic benefits. Practical application proves that the multi-level optimization of stope structural parameters by response surface methodology is scientif⁃ic，effective and reliable，which can provide reference and guidance for safe production of mines.
    Study on Selective Separation Mechanism and Mechanism of Sulfonate Combined Collector in Lepidolite Flotation
    LIU Tianxing HUANG Haiwei, REN Sili,
    2026, 42(05):  58-63. 
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    In order to explore efficient and environmentally friendly reagents for flotation separation of lepidolite，flotation separation of pure minerals of lepidolite，quartz and albite is studied by pure miner⁃ al flotation test，using calcium chloride as activator and FL-2 as collector.The mechanism analysis is car⁃ ried out by Zeta potential test and infrared spectroscopy. The FL-2+ Ca2+ reagent combination is applied and verified to the open-circuit and closed-circuit flotation tests of a lepidolite ore in Xinjiang. The results show that the collector FL-2 can be adsorbed on the surface of lepidolite，and the presence of Ca2+ can in⁃ crease the adsorption capacity of FL-2.After the application of FL-2+Ca2+ reagent combination，lepidolite concentrate with Li2O grade of 3.30% and Li2O recovery of 68.63% is obtained in the open-circuit flotation test of a lepidolite ore in Xinjiang，and lepidolite concentrate with Li2O grade of 3.06% and Li2O recovery of 78.22% is obtained in the closed-circuit flotation test. The product quality of the concentrate meets the index requirements.
    Study on Continuous Addition of Flotation Reagents and Precise Control Technology for a Micro-fine Complex Refractory Magnetite-hematite Mixed Iron Ore
    ZHOU Jinhua
    2026, 42(05):  64-68. 
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    In order to solve the long-standing problems of pump blockage，pipeline siltation，liquid level out of control，flow fluctuation and reagent splashing in the CaO reagent addition link of anion re⁃ verse flotation system of a micro-fine complex refractory magnetite-hematite mixed iron ore，a set of flota⁃ tion reagent continuous addition and precise control technology integrating precision filtration，liquid level stability control and flow quantification is developed.The technology takes plane linear sieve precision fil⁃ tration，ultrasonic-PLC high and low liquid level linkage alarm，stable pressure overflow and reflux quan⁃ titative addition as the three core devices，and realizes the continuous，stable and accurate quantitative transportation of CaO without blockage and overflow.The industrial application results show that the tech⁃ nology can completely eliminate the pump shaft fracture，pipeline blockage，reagent interruption，overflow and other stubborn problems，stabilize the anionic reverse flotation process index，significantly improve the iron concentrate grade and metal recovery rate，reduce the loss of metallurgical mining equipment and operation and maintenance strength，meet the requirements of 24 h continuous and efficient production of large open-pit iron ore，and provide engineering demonstration for the precise control of reverse flotation reagents for similar micro-fine refractory iron ore.
    Study on Process Mineralogy Characteristics and Aluminum Occurrence Law of Iron Concentrate in Chengchao Mine
    TANG Qizhou SU Hao WANG Jing HUANG Wen LI Pengfei
    2026, 42(05):  69-73. 
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    In order to find out the root cause of high Al2O3 content in Chengchao iron concentrate， the process mineralogy characteristics of iron concentrate are systematically studied by means of multi-ele⁃ ment analysis，particle size screening，iron phase analysis，electron probe，scanning electron microscope and element balance calculation. The occurrence law of aluminum and the microscopic characteristics of main aluminum-containing minerals are clarified.The results show that the TFe content of the iron concen⁃ trate is 64.790%，and the Al2O3 content is 1.710%. The Al element is mainly present in magnetite，chlo⁃ rite and mica. The Al element is isomorphically replaced in magnetite，and chlorite and mica are often as⁃ sociated or wrapped with magnetite in the form of fine particles，which becomes a mineralogical difficulty in reducing aluminum，and provides basic mineralogical data support for the optimization of the aluminum reduction and upgrading process of the iron concentrate.
    Experimental Study on Flotation Process of a Copper-Zinc Ore
    QI Huaqiang TANG Youyou, ZHENG Siyong JIA Min, AN Chang HE Mingfei, ZOU You
    2026, 42(05):  74-77. 
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    In order to solve the problem of difficult separation of copper and zinc caused by the close floatability of chalcopyrite and sphalerite in a copper-zinc mine in Sichuan，a series of copper flotation condition tests are systematically carried out by using copper preferential flotation process.The self-devel⁃ oped new high selective collector M441 is applied to the flotation of copper minerals in the ore，and the ef⁃ fects of key parameters such as grinding fineness，adjusting agent dosage，collector type and dosage，and foaming agent type on the selective flotation of copper minerals are investigated.The test results show that under the optimized flotation conditions determined by the test，copper concentrate with copper grade of 23.70% and copper recovery of 94.98% can be obtained through a closed-circuit process of one roughing， three cleanings and one scavenging.The new collector M441 has strong selective collecting ability for chal⁃ copyrite，which can significantly inhibit the flotation of sphalerite，so as to achieve efficient separation of copper minerals and zinc minerals in the preferential flotation copper stage. The copper preferential flota⁃ tion process combined with M441 collector provides a feasible technical solution to solve the problems of difficult separation and unstable quality of copper concentrate caused by similar mineral floatability of this kind of copper-zinc ore.
    Practice of Intermittent Continuous Grinding Process of Molybdenum Tailings Besed on Tower Mill
    GAO Shuanglong HU Bing LI Shuaiyang YANG Yu ZHANG Kang
    2026, 42(05):  78-81. 
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    In order to meet the process requirements of preparing building materials from tailings of a molybdenum mine in Jilin Province，the intermittent continuous grinding process by tower mill is carried out to meet the core index requirements of maintaining the same concentration after regrinding of the raw ore and increasing the fineness to -0.045 mm80%. Through the system industrial debugging test，the indus⁃ trial feasibility and practical operation stability of the grinding process are verified.The practice results show that the operation indexes of the whole grinding system are in line with the on-site production specifica⁃ tions，which can accurately adapt to the pre-process requirements of the building materials utilization of mo⁃ lybdenum tailings，and ensure that the regrinding product indexes fully meet the technical standards for the preparation of subsequent building materials.It provides a typical engineering example for the populariza⁃ tion and application of tower mill in the field of pressurized steam building materials，and provides a new idea for energy saving，consumption reduction and process upgrading in this field. It has important reference value for the comprehensive utilization of similar mine resources and the innovation of grinding process.
    Experiment on Efficient Pre-concentration and Waste Discarding of an Iron Ore
    WANG Huan CHANG Luping WANG Yani WANG Tao
    2026, 42(05):  82-85. 
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    In order to efficiently and rationally develop and utilize a low-phosphorus and low-sulfu⁃ ric acid iron ore in Anhui Province，based on the study of ore properties，the experimental study on the pre-concentration and discarding of iron ore is carried out.The results show that the 0～65 mm size frac⁃ tion of raw ore is discarded by dry low intensity magnetic separator. After discarding，the rough concentrate is crushed to 0～12 mm，and the dry magnetic separation discarding and wet magnetic separation discard⁃ ing are carried out respectively. The discarding effect of wet magnetic separation is better，and the iron concentrate with iron grade of 47.09% and iron recovery rate of 95.98% is obtained. The iron grade of tail⁃ ings is reduced to 12.28%，and the recovery rate of magnetic iron lost only 1.10%.The 0～65 mm fraction of raw ore is discarded by dry low intensity magnetic separator. After discarding，the rough concentrate is rolled to 0～6 mm for wet magnetic separation discarding. The permanent magnet drum coarse magnetic separator and ordinary medium field strength magnetic separator are used respectively. The ordinary medi⁃ um field strength magnetic separator has better discarding effect，and the iron concentrate with iron grade of 50.59% and iron recovery rate of 94.35% is obtained. The iron grade of tailings is reduced to 11.31%， and the recovery rate of magnetic iron only loses 0.76%.The concentrate after dry discarding is first broken to 0~6 mm，and then wet discarding with medium field strength is carried out. The iron grade of the con⁃ centrate obtained is high，the loss of magnetic iron in tailings is less，and the effect is better.
    Beneficiation Process Test of a Lead-Zinc-Silver Polymetallic Sulfide Ore in Inner Mongolia
    HE Yongxin ZHAO Fei FU Lifang
    2026, 42(05):  86-90. 
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    The lead grade of a lead-zinc-silver complex refractory polymetallic sulfide ore in Inner Mongolia is 4.65%，the zinc grade is 4.95%，and the silver grade is 310.92 g/t.In order to realize the effec⁃ tive separation of lead and zinc，and comprehensively recover the associated precious metal silver，the pro⁃ cess test is carried out to solve the problem of mutual encapsulation and complex embedding between the main minerals in the ore.The test results show that under the condition of grinding fineness of -0.074 mm 70%，KDYZ，zinc sulfate and sodium sulfite are used as regulators，and 25# black drug is used as collector. Lead concentrate with lead grade of 75.62%，lead recovery of 91.01%，silver content of 4 707.93 g/t and sil⁃ ver recovery of 84.14% is obtained by one roughing，three cleaning and two scavenging lead separation.The lead tailings are treated with water glass as the regulator，KDAL-02 as the zinc blende activator，KDB-01 as the collector，and zinc is separated by one roughing，three cleanings and two scavengings，the zinc con⁃ centrate with zinc grade of 55.36%，zinc recovery of 89.39%，silver content of 382.84 g/t and silver recov⁃ ery of 9.90% is obtained.
    Beneficiation Process Test of Different Proportion of Peru Iron Ore and a Certain Iron Mine in Nanjing
    QIAN Xinyu ZHANG Zugang XU Jilong
    2026, 42(05):  91-94，99. 
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    The total iron grade of Peru iron ore is 61.27%，the magnetic iron grade is 56.72%，and the sulfur content is 2.70%，which is a high sulfur and high grade magnetic iron ore.The total iron grade of a self-produced iron ore in Nanjing is 39.92%，the magnetic iron grade is 21.66%，and the sulfur content is 1.16%，which is a sulfur-containing mixed iron ore.In order to explore the influence of Peru iron ore on the separation index of a self-produced iron ore in Nanjing，the beneficiation process tests of two kinds of iron ore with different mass ratios are carried out.The test results show that under the conditions of grinding fineness of -74 μm 67%，activator CN dosage of 1 000 g/t，mass ratio of Peru iron ore to an iron ore in Nanjing of 1∶8，Feirui tailor-made collector dosage of 23.68 g / t，and Fuercheng tailor-made foaming agent dosage of 13.12 g /t，the pre-desulfurization is carried out by one roughing-one scavenging-three cleaning flotation process.The desulfurization tailings are separated by low intensity magnetic separation�high intensity magnetic separation one roughing and one scavenging process. The sulfur concentrate with sulfur grade of 25.37% and sulfur recovery of 72.66%，and the iron concentrate with iron grade of 57.87%，iron recovery of 82.93% and sulfur content of 0.34% are obtained by the whole process test， which realizes the efficient recovery of sulfur and iron resources.
    Beneficiation Process Test of Different Proportion of Peru Iron Ore and a Certain Iron Mine in Nanjing
    QIAN Xinyu ZHANG Zugang XU Jilong
    2026, 42(05):  95-99. 
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    The total iron grade of Peru iron ore is 61.27%，the magnetic iron grade is 56.72%，and the sulfur content is 2.70%，which is a high sulfur and high grade magnetic iron ore.The total iron grade of a self-produced iron ore in Nanjing is 39.92%，the magnetic iron grade is 21.66%，and the sulfur content is 1.16%，which is a sulfur-containing mixed iron ore.In order to explore the influence of Peru iron ore on the separation index of a self-produced iron ore in Nanjing，the beneficiation process tests of two kinds of iron ore with different mass ratios are carried out.The test results show that under the conditions of grinding fineness of -74 μm 67%，activator CN dosage of 1 000 g/t，mass ratio of Peru iron ore to an iron ore in Nanjing of 1∶8，Feirui tailor-made collector dosage of 23.68 g / t，and Fuercheng tailor-made foaming agent dosage of 13.12 g /t，the pre-desulfurization is carried out by one roughing-one scavenging-three cleaning flotation process.The desulfurization tailings are separated by low intensity magnetic separation�high intensity magnetic separation one roughing and one scavenging process. The sulfur concentrate with sulfur grade of 25.37% and sulfur recovery of 72.66%，and the iron concentrate with iron grade of 57.87%，iron recovery of 82.93% and sulfur content of 0.34% are obtained by the whole process test， which realizes the efficient recovery of sulfur and iron resources.
    Study on the Mineralogical Characteristics and Genesis of Glauconite in Offshore Sediments of Hainan Island
    CHEN Songxue, HUANG Jun, TONG Changliang,
    2026, 42(05):  100-105，110. 
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    In order to further explore the mineralogical characteristics of glauconite in offshore sedi⁃ ments of Hainan Island，a series of physical and chemical tests such as actual observation，physical prop⁃ erties，optical properties，chemical composition and spectral characteristics of glauconite samples are car⁃ ried out according to its genetic mechanism，and a comprehensive analysis is carried out in combination with regional geological data.The results show that the glauconite is a typical authigenic mineral，and its material source is related to terrestrial materials. The chemical composition is potassium-rich and iron�rich magnesium-containing aquifer aluminosilicate，with a mica-type structure between dioctahedral and trioctahedral. Mineralogically，it belongs to disordered mixed-layer structure，which is mainly composed of illite/smectite mixed-layer minerals，and contains a small amount of illite，quartz，plagioclase，sider⁃ ite，hematite and calcite.The glauconite in the offshore sediments of Hainan Island is in the mature stage and has the properties of modern glauconite，which is of great significance for the development and utiliza⁃ tion of the occurrence sand mineral deposit.
    Beneficiation Process Test of a Refractory Iron Oxide Ore
    FAN Bin LIU Changdong JIA Shaoming
    2026, 42(05):  106-110. 
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    In order to develop an economical and reasonable beneficiation process and provide theo⁃ retical support for industrial application，a systematic process mineralogy diagnosis and multi-path benefi⁃ ciation test are carried out to solve the problem of difficult separation of a refractory iron oxide ore due to its poor，fine and miscellaneous characteristics.Through comprehensive chemical multi-element analysis， mineral composition identification，process mineralogy and element occurrence state research，the basic characteristics of low grade，fine particle dispersion and complex composition of ore are clarified. On this basis，the core idea of“grading separation and taking measures according to theparticle-size”is put for⁃ ward.The combined process of reduction roasting-stage grinding-multi-stage low intensity magnetic separa⁃ tion-reverse flotation desilication is adopted for + 15 mm lump ore，and the simplified process of direct grinding-high intensity magnetic roughing + scavenging is adopted for - 15 mm powder ore.After roasting and magnetization of the lump ore，the magnetic properties of iron minerals are significantly enhanced. By optimizing the grinding fineness and magnetic separation process，low-intensity magnetic separation rough concentrate with iron grade of 54.26% and iron recovery of 90.93% can be obtained.The rough concentrate is subjected to reverse flotation to reduce silicon. Under the reagent system of collector YG-328B dosage of 120 g/t and starch dosage of 300 g/t，the final concentrate iron grade can reach 60.10%，the SiO2 content is reduced to 6.90%，and the iron recovery rate is 80.68%. It effectively realizes the resource utilization of this kind of refractory iron oxide ore，and provides a feasible technical way for the industrial development and utilization of similar iron ore.
    Flotation Process Optimization and Industrial Practice of High Dolomite Refractory Fluorite Ore in Xiangzhen Mining Industry
    SUI Xueyong WU Dianlin LI Tong JIN Zhiping LIU Yuezhong CAO Zhao LI Shuguang
    2026, 42(05):  111-117. 
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    In order to efficiently develop and utilize No.640 complex refractory fluorite ore resources of Xiangzhen Mining，in view of the refractory characteristics of fluorite ore，such as high dolomite con⁃ tent，high sulfur content and fine particle dissemination，the whole process industrial practice research is carried out by means of detection method correction，fluid mechanics optimization of flotation equipment， reagent system adjustment and dynamic regulation of circulating water.The results show that the traditional EDTA titration method is affected by the dissolution kinetics of dolomite，and there is a positive deviation of 4.9%~13.4% in the determination of raw ore and tailings grade. The method of fluoride determination by ion selective electrode can more accurately reflect the actual properties of ore.Aiming at the problems of in⁃ sufficient suction capacity of self-priming flotation machine and decline of separation index after capacity expansion，the collision probability between bubbles in the tank and particles is improved by adding auxil⁃ iary aeration and implementing false bottom transformation，so that the actual recovery rate of the system is stabilized above 74%.In the aspect of reagent system，the multi-stage inhibition system of acidified water glass + KA + FD is constructed，and the combination collector of A6+ oleic acid ester（7.7% emulsifica⁃ tion）is used to alleviate the competitive adsorption problem under the condition of high content dolomite with the help of interface synergy.Further research finds that when the concentration of Ca2+ in the circulat⁃ ing water exceeds 400 mg/L，the consumption of the collector can be significantly increased，and the“fall⁃ ing tank”of the cleaning process can be induced. The industrial application results show that the unit con⁃ sumption of collector can be reduced from 6.16 kg/t to 1.86 kg/t by using the comprehensive process of wa⁃ ter control first-precise detection-enhanced aeration-reagent emulsification，which realizes the efficient and stable separation of high dolomite refractory fluorite ore.
    Study on the Evolution of Beneficiation Process Flow of a Large Porphyry Copper Mine
    ZHANG Yong QIU Zhilian HE Rongquan WANG Juanjuan KONG Lingyu
    2026, 42(05):  118-122. 
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    Since a large porphyry copper mine is put into production in 1965，its ore properties have undergone a profound evolution from easy selection to poor，fine and hybrid，and the iterative upgrading of separation technology.In order to summarize the key innovative technologies and experience in the process， aiming at the core problems such as the continuous reduction of the grade of the selected ore，the uneven distribution of the particle size，and the complex co-associated relationship in different historical stages of the mine，the evolution law of the beneficiation process flow is sorted out and analyzed.The research con⁃ tent covers the innovation of the crushing and grinding process from the traditional three sections and one closed circuit to the efficient more crushing and less grinding process，the transformation of the separation process from preferential flotation to rapid flotation-mixed step flotation and equal flotation of copper and molybdenum，as well as the long-term optimization practice of the reagent system to improve the recovery rate of copper，molybdenum and associated gold and silver.Through the induction of key innovative tech⁃ nologies，the evolution law，typical experience and lessons of the beneficiation process of the mine in or⁃ der to adapt to the change of ore properties are obtained，which can provide reference for the design，trans⁃ formation and production operation of similar large porphyry copper deposits.
    Experimental Study on Clogging Characteristics of Geotextile Filter Layer of an Iron Tailings Dam
    YANG Long WANG Wansheng ZHANG Zugang OU Zhangwen WU Haimin
    2026, 42(05):  123-128. 
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    In order to clarify the clogging characteristics of geotextiles in iron tailings dam with high content of fine particles，and to find a more suitable type of geotextile for iron tailings dam，the permeabili⁃ ty test of the system composed of three kinds of geotextiles（short fiber，filament yarns and filter cloth） and an iron tailings slurry is carried out by improving the gradient ratio test. By analyzing the variation law of gradient ratio and system permeability coefficient，combined with the analysis of the variation law of par⁃ ticle migration in geotextile filter layer after the test，the mechanical clogging mechanism is revealed.At the same time，the chemical composition of the test soil samples is tested to reveal the chemical clogging mech⁃ anism.The results show that with the increase of hydraulic gradient，the geotextiles of short fiber and filter cloth show excellent reverse filtration performance，while the geotextiles of filament yarns show more seri⁃ ous clogging phenomenon.After the test，a good reverse filter layer is formed in the middle of the filter cloth geotextile filter layer. The chemical clogging is mainly caused by the oxidation reaction of Fe2+ in iron tailings to form Fe（OH）3 colloid.The conversion rate of Fe2+ to Fe3+ is in the order of short fiber> filament yarns > filter cloth. The filter cloth geotextile shows good resistance to chemical clogging and is more suit⁃ able for iron tailings dam project.
    Research on the Influence of Drainage Holes on Slope Stability Under Rainfall Conditions
    LYU Linhong ZHANG Xuelin WANG Meng HU Wei NI Zhiwei
    2026, 42(05):  129-135. 
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    Regarding the problem of instability of water-rich slopes in open-pit mining areas under the influence of rainfall and groundwater，based on the on-site hydrogeological conditions and slope struc⁃ ture，combined with the Van Genuchten saturated-non-saturated seepage model，the ABAQUS finite ele⁃ ment software was used to conduct the seepage-stability coupling analysis under conditions without drain⁃ age holes（24-hour continuous heavy rainfall）and with drainage holes（48-hour continuous heavy rain⁃ fall）. At the same time，a time-series comparative analysis of the pore water pressure and displacement fields of different characteristic surfaces was carried out. The results show that ① under the condition with⁃ out drainage holes，the average pore water pressure increased by approximately 225 kPa，and the maxi⁃ mum equivalent displacement reached 22.62 cm.② After setting up drainage holes，the pore water pres⁃ sure generally decreased by approximately 155 kPa，compared with the condition without drainage holes， it decreased by approximately 380 kPa on average，the maximum equivalent displacement decreased by 35.67%，the maximum displacement in the X direction decreased by 56.31%，and the displacement in the Y direction remained basically stable.③ The drainage holes caused the pore water pressure to rapidly de⁃ crease and stabilize within the first 8 hours，significantly slowing down the deformation development rate of the slope.④ The peak displacement of the top node decreased by 31.85%，effectively inhibiting the rapid instability caused by rainfall. The drainage holes have a significant effect in reducing pore water pressure and slowing down the deformation rate，improving the overall stability of the slope. The provided analysis method can provide certain theoretical basis and technical reference for the slope protection design under similar hydrogeological conditions of mine water.
    Study on Size Effect and REV of Deep Fractured Jointed Rock Mass Based on PFC-DFN Coupling Simulation
    LI Wu¹ CUI Peng¹ LIU Jiaming GUO Qifeng, SUN Jiangjiang¹ ZHOU Fu¹ YU Yisong MI Zhaohui FU Haitao
    2026, 42(05):  136-141，148. 
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    The size effect of mechanical parameters of fractured surrounding rock mass is a key factor in deep mining engineering. The widely distributed joint structure in natural rock mass will make the rock mass show significantly different mechanical properties with the increase of scale，which directly affects the safety of underground construction and brings severe challenges to the safety of deep mining. In order to clarify the size effect law of jointed rock mass and the size of characterization unit，and to solve the prob⁃ lem of evaluating the mechanical parameters of deep broken surrounding rock，combined with the engineer⁃ ing practice of a kilometer-level deep lead-zinc mine in Yunnan，the SIROVISION three-dimensional te⁃ lemetry system combined with artificial compass measurement is used to systematically count the distribu⁃ tion characteristics of joints in the field. A total of 47 joints are depicted and three groups of dominant joints are divided. Using PFC particle flow software，combined with the microscopic parameters calibrated by indoor uniaxial compression test ( simulation and test error ≤ 5% )，a three-dimensional joint network model is established，and eight different sizes of synthetic rock masses are constructed. The size effect is analyzed by uniaxial compression test. The results show that the elastic modulus is basically stable at first，and then tends to be stable after a sudden drop. The uniaxial compressive strength gradually decreases with
    the increase of size and then remains stable. Through comprehensive analysis，the size of the characteriza⁃
    tion unit of the jointed rock mass is determined to be ϕ0.8 m×1.6 m. The research results can provide reli⁃
    able theoretical support for the design and safety control of deep surrounding rock engineering.
    Analysis of the Mechanism and the Practice of Prevention and Control Engineering of the Charcoal Shale Landslide in Xitan Village
    LI Haipan, XU Wei
    2026, 42(05):  142-148. 
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    The Carboniferous Zishan Formation（C1z）carbonaceous shale rock group is widely dis⁃ tributed in the central and southern Jiangxi Provinces. The landslides developed there have the character⁃ istics of easy slip，large scale，strong destructiveness and difficult prevention and control. On July 14， 2019，a medium-sized landslide with a scale of about 30 × 104 m3 occurred in Xiatan Village，Zishan Town，Yudu County，threatening the safety of 178 people in 44 households. In order to explore its forma⁃ tion mechanism and put forward the prevention and control scheme，field investigation，engineering ex⁃ ploration，X-ray diffraction test and GeoStudio numerical simulation were carried out. The results show that the landslide is a traction medium-sized rock landslide induced by heavy rainfall（24 h precipitation 96.2 mm）. The landform is“steep in the upper and slow in the lower，step-like scattered accumulation”. The rock occurrence is 335°∠ 41° ~ 55°，and the landslide area is about 2.07×104 m2 . The differential weathering of carbonaceous shale interlayer in sandstone is the internal main reason，which contains 14.9% montmorillonite and 9.8% kaolinite. The hydrophilic expansion characteristics lead to the decrease of shear strength of rock mass，and the superposition of heavy rainfall and human engineering activities in⁃ duce landslides. In view of the difficulties in treatment，the idea of " lock head + press foot " is put for⁃ ward. The anchor lattice + rubble concrete retaining wall support is adopted to replace the weak stratum （bearing capacity of 40 kPa）of the foundation. After GeoStudio checking，the safety factor of the slope af⁃ ter treatment is 1.58，which meets the requirements of the specification. After two hydrological years of in⁃spection，the effect is good，which can provide reference for the prevention and control of similar land⁃ slides in Gannan area.
    Stability Analysis of Debris Flow Deposits in Mining Area Based on Finite Difference and Limit Equilibrium Method
    QIN Ke, NI Zhiwei, LUO Minghua, PAN Qiang, ZHU Junxing, WU Xiaogang, TANG Kai,
    2026, 42(05):  149-155. 
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    Debris flow deposits in mining areas feature loose structure and weak mechanical proper⁃ ties，and bear high instability risks under extreme weather and geological disturbances. To clarify the insta⁃ bility mechanism and stability characteristics of west slope debris flow deposits in the mining area，taking No.1 and No.2 deposits as research objects，this paper acquires soil physical and mechanical parameters by laboratory triaxial shear tests. The three-dimensional finite difference method and two-dimensional lim⁃ it equilibrium method are comprehensively applied to conduct stability comparative analysis under natural， rainstorm and seismic conditions. The results show that the overall safety factors of the deposit under three working conditions are 3.914，3.560 and 3.012 respectively，and the deposit maintains an overall stable state. Plastic strain concentrates and local displacement develops at the deposit bottom and rock-soil con⁃ tact zone. Constrained by bedrock，the three-dimensional calculation overestimates the local stability of the slope. Two-dimensional profile calculation indicates that rainfall is the dominant adverse factor. The minimum safety factor of Profile 1—1 under rainstorm condition is 1.027，while Profile 2—2 is in a criti⁃ cal stable state under natural condition with the minimum safety factor of 1.010 under rainstorm condition. The increase of pore water pressure and attenuation of effective stress caused by rainfall infiltration are the main inducing factors of soil instability. Seismic disturbance weakens slope stability，but its influence is weaker than rainfall. The three-dimensional finite difference method is suitable for identifying slope defor⁃ mation concentration zones，and the two-dimensional limit equilibrium method presents obvious advantag⁃ es in quantitative evaluation of local profile stability. The integrated-local coupling analysis method can judge the stability of debris flow deposits more accurately. The research results can provide theoretical ref⁃ erence and technical support for debris flow disaster prevention，slope monitoring and treatment in the min⁃ ing area，and stability evaluation of loose deposits in similar mountainous mining areas.
    Study on Geological Characteristics and Prospecting Prediction of a Skarn-type Copper-Gold Deposit
    DONG Laishi
    2026, 42(05):  156-160. 
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    Systematic analysis of mine geological characteristics is the key to promote regional cop⁃ per and gold mineral prospecting prediction and improve resource utilization efficiency. Taking a skarn�type copper-gold deposit in Heilongjiang Province as the research object，combined with various methods such as field geological mapping，systematic profile survey，indoor rock and mineral identification and geo⁃ chemical test analysis，the natural geography and surface characteristics of the mining area，regional stra⁃ ta，mining area structure and magmatic rocks，and geochemical characteristics of the mining area were sys⁃ tematically studied. The geological characteristics of ore，ore body and surrounding rock are evaluated. On this basis，the genesis analysis and prospecting prediction of the deposit were carried out. The results show that the enrichment characteristics of ore-forming elements in the mining area are significant. The order of element enrichment degree from high to low is As、Sb、Cu、Pb、Zn、W、Ni、Au、Mo、Sn、Ag、Bi. The metallo⁃ genic factor of Cu element is 100.55，and Cu and Au are the core ore-forming elements. Three NW-trend⁃ ing copper-gold mineralization belts are delineated in the mining area. The skarn in the area is weak calci⁃ um silicate skarn（SiO2 relative content 30.72%，Al2O3，Na2O，K2O total content 1.06%，Na2O content 0.07%）. The genesis of the deposit is mainly skarn type，superimposed with late hydrothermal mineraliza⁃ tion. The ore-forming parent rock is 109~116 Ma granite porphyry，which is controlled by three factors of strata，magmatic rock and structure. The Cu mineralization in the mining area is significant. The Ⅲ miner⁃alization zone is large in scale and the abnormal intensity of Cu and Au elements is high. It is an ideal tar⁃ get area for finding copper-gold deposits. The research results clarify the metallogenic regularity and pros⁃ pecting direction of the mining area，and provide theoretical guidance and practical reference for the explo⁃ ration and prospecting prediction of the same type of skarn copper-gold deposits in the region. In the fu⁃ ture，the occurrence of gallium，germanium and other elements can be identified through the study of sin⁃ gle mineral composition，so as to further improve the utilization value of mining resources.
    Study on Cobalt Mineralization Characteristics and Prospecting Potential in the Northern Lanping Basin，Western Yunnan
    SHEN Liang TAO Yonglin YANG Changhua JIANG Yongguo ZHOU Jiaxi, ZHENG YiZhou LUO Kai,
    2026, 42(05):  161-166. 
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    The northern part of Lanping Basin in western Yunnan is an important copper-lead-zinc�silver polymetallic ore concentration area in the Sanjiang metallogenic belt. The cobalt geochemical anoma⁃ lies are widely distributed in the area，and the cobalt ore prospecting potential is good. In order to clarify the enrichment law，metallogenic mechanism and resource potential of cobalt-copper mineralization in this area，and provide a theoretical basis for subsequent exploration work，the cobalt-copper mineralization in the Biyuhe area of the northern Lanping Basin was taken as the research object，and the characteristics of cobalt mineralization and metallogenic regularity are studied by means of data collation，field geological survey，geochemical sample test and element cluster analysis. The results show that the cobalt ( copper ) mineralization in the area mainly occurs in the altered sandstone of the second member of the Middle Juras⁃ sic Huakaizuo Formation，and the wall rock alteration is mainly silicification，pyritization，chalcopyrite mineralization and tetrahedrite mineralization. The grade of Cu in the mineralization section is 0.8%~13%， and the grade of associated Co is 0.028%~0.57%. Cobalt element mainly exists in pyrite as isomorphism， and a small amount of sulfur-cobalt ore is wrapped in tetrahedrite in an euhedral granular form. The late Yanshanian tectonic movement formed the NW-trending fold and fault tectonic system in the area. The Hi⁃ malayan tectonic-magma activation promoted the migration and enrichment of polymetallic ore-forming ma⁃ terials. The ore-bearing hydrothermal fluid migrated and precipitated along the faults and secondary fis⁃ sures，forming a shallow source medium-low temperature hydrothermal vein type cobalt-copper polymetal⁃ lic deposit. According to the metallogenic conditions，geochemical anomalies and structural ore-control⁃ ling rules，two copper-cobalt prospecting target areas were delineated in Changputang-Biyuhe and Bai⁃ yangping-Qinguishan. Studies have shown that the northern part of the Lanping Basin has superior metallo⁃ genic conditions and great resource potential，which has favorable conditions for finding medium-large co⁃ balt-copper deposits.
    Geological Characteristics and Prospecting Potential of Zhengchong Super-large Lithium Deposit in Dao County，Hunan Province
    QIU Yongzhen
    2026, 42(05):  167-173. 
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    In view of the low research level of granite-type low-grade hard rock lithium deposits，in order to clarify the metallogenic regularity of such deposits and improve the regional prospecting ideas，the Zhengchong super-large lithium deposit in Dao County，Hunan Province is taken as the research object. Based on the results of field geological exploration，rock geochemical test data and Leapfrog three-dimen⁃ sional implicit modeling technology，the geological characteristics of the deposit are systematically summa⁃ rized，and the metallogenic mechanism and prospecting potential are deeply analyzed. The research shows that the mine is a super-large greisen-type hard rock lithium mine. The cumulative amount of Li2O resourc⁃ es is over 3.4×105 t. The average grade of the ore body is 0.43%，and the industrial development can be re⁃ alized when the Li2O grade is over 0.25%. It is a typical case of low-grade and large-scale lithium explora⁃ tion and development in South China. The north-south main faults in the mining area control the distribu⁃ tion of greisen body. The greisen body has the dual attributes of ore-forming surrounding rock and ore�bearing rock mass，and the iron-lithium mica is the core lithium-bearing mineral. The ore-forming fluid is characterized by high differentiation and multi-stage superposition. Li-F-rich magmatic hydrothermal solu⁃ tion is the key to mineralization. Through ultra-shallow blasting，diagenesis and mineralization are real⁃ ized，and a planar and vein-like composite mineralization system is formed. The convex part of the contact zone of the rock mass is the optimal metallogenic site，and the Zhengchong-Pangxiemu area is the key prospecting area. This study clarifies its metallogenic mechanism，which can provide guidance for prospect⁃ing in the deep and periphery of the mining area，and also provide reference for the exploration of the same type of low-grade hard rock lithium deposits in South China.
    Metallogenic Conditions and Ore-controlling Factors of Copper-Gold-Molybdenum Polymetallic Deposits in Huayuanlu Area，Anhui Province
    LI Yong′an
    2026, 42(05):  174-179，186. 
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    The Huayuanlu area in Anhui Province belongs to the Lujiang-Chuzhou metallogenic sub⁃ zone，and has good copper-gold polymetallic metallogenic potential. In order to find out the metallogenic conditions and ore-bearing rules in this area and clarify the prospecting direction，on the basis of previous studies，the geological characteristics of the study area are systematically analyzed by means of geological mapping，borehole logging，stream sediment measurement and identification under rock and mineral mi⁃ croscope. The results show that the area is dominated by Sinian clastic rocks and carbonate rocks. The Huangxu Formation and Dengying Formation are the dominant ore-bearing strata，and the middle section of Dengying Formation is the main gold-bearing horizon. The Huanglishu-Poliangting fault and its second⁃ ary structure are important ore-controlling structures. The Machang composite intermediate-acid rock mass provides material and heat source for mineralization，forming a strata-structure-magmatite coupling ore�controlling system. The anomalies of Cu，Au，Ag，Mo，Pb and Hg in the area are distributed in the north⁃ east direction，with clear concentration zoning and good nesting relationship，which are typical ore -in⁃ duced anomalies. The area is dominated by skarn copper-gold mineralization，followed by porphyry cop⁃ per-molybdenum mineralization. The ore bodies are mostly produced in the contact zone of rock mass and tectonic fracture zone. Skarnization，silicification and pyritization are important prospecting indicators. The magmatic contact zone，the intersection of faults and the concentration center of geochemical anomalies are the key prospecting targets. The research results can provide reference for the exploration of similar depos⁃ its in eastern Anhui.
    Geological Characteristics and Metallogenesis of Baizishan Aluminiferous Rock Series in Southeastern Chongqing
    GOU Jie YI Zongwang DONG Li LEI Chunsheng GUO Yu, MOU Jiajia AO Junteng ZHOU Qing HU Yuhua
    2026, 42(05):  180-186. 
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    In order to clarify the geological characteristics，metallogenic mechanism and prospecting direction of Baizishan bauxite deposit in southeastern Chongqing，and enrich the metallogenic theory of re⁃ gional sedimentary bauxite deposit，this paper takes Baizishan bauxite deposit in Nanchuan as the research object，and systematically studies its deposit characteristics，ore composition，mineralization and prospect⁃ ing criteria by means of field exploration，indoor microscopic identification and geochemical analysis. The study shows that the deposit is located in the Yangtze paraplatform，and the ore-bearing horizon is the Li⁃ angshan Formation（P2l）of the lower Permian system. The bauxite occurs in the middle and upper part of the ore-bearing rock series，and No.III and No.II ore bodies are developed from north to south，which are layered and irregular，and are controlled by strata and structures. The ore is mainly diaspore，which is di⁃ vided into three types of dense，clastic and porous. The chemical components are mainly Al2O3，SiO2， Fe2O3 and TiO2. The content of Al2O3 is 40.45%~77.68%. The average contents of No.III and No.II ore bod⁃ ies are 61.56% and 53.35% respectively，and the average Si/Al ratios are 3.43 and 4.22 respectively. The deposit is a paleo-weathering crust sedimentary transformation type，and the source is derived from the Si⁃ lurian Hanjiadian Formation silty shale weathering crust. The mineralization is divided into three stages(lat⁃erization，sedimentary mineralization and later transformation). Sedimentary intermittent lithology，syn⁃ cline axis and other structures，cliff bottom landform and Liangshan formation thickness >3 m are the main prospecting indicators.
    Study on Geological Characteristics and Prospecting Indicators of Luishia Copper-Cobalt Deposit in Congo (DRC)
    WANG Jianchun LIN Mingming YANG Jun YAO Gang HE Zuping LIU Honglong
    2026, 42(05):  187-192. 
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    The Luishia copper-cobalt deposit in Congo (DRC) is located in the western extension tec⁃ tonic unit of the Central African copper-cobalt ore belt，with superior metallogenic conditions and good re⁃ source endowment. In order to find out the geological characteristics of the mining area，clarify the metallo⁃ genic mechanism，and explore the potential of deep and peripheral resources，based on the previous re⁃ search results，this paper comprehensively uses geological mapping，high-precision magnetic measure⁃ ment，IP scanning，drilling engineering and rock and mineral testing to carry out systematic exploration re⁃ search. In this survey，30 boreholes are completed with a project spacing of 100 m×50 m. The stratigraphic sequence of the mining area is basically identified as RAT，RSF，RSC，SD，CMN and K，among which SD and CMN are the main ore-bearing strata. The ore body is controlled by folds and NW and NE trending faults. The ore only develops oxidized ore and sulfide ore，and there is no mixed ore. The oxidized ores are divided into in-situ oxidized type and weathering-leaching secondary enrichment type. The deposit has ex⁃ perienced three metallogenic stages，including syndepositional initial enrichment，tectonic metamorphic�hydrothermal superimposed reformation，and supergene oxidation enrichment，and belongs to a typical sedimentary-metamorphic and superimposed stratiform copper deposit. This paper focuses on the engineer⁃ ing verification of the deep part of No.I ore body and the exploration target areas of C and D，realizes thebreakthrough of deep prospecting，basically finds out the output characteristics of 11 ore bodies in the min⁃ ing area，re-approves the resource reserves，effectively expands the resource scale of the mining area， and systematically summarizes the four core prospecting indicators of lithology，structure，mineral and geo⁃ physical and geochemical exploration，and delineates many potential areas of magnetic anomaly. The re⁃ search results can provide geological basis for the subsequent exploration and development of the mining ar⁃ ea，and can also provide reference for the exploration of similar copper-cobalt deposits.
    Design and Application of Screw Metering Pump Automatic Dosing System in a Fluorite Mine
    LI Zhigang ZHAN Jingzhen, MA Shuxin CHEN Xu LI Haibin LIU Shaohang
    2026, 42(05):  193-198. 
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    In order to realize the automation，intelligence and precision control of flotation dosing system in a fluorite mine，an intelligent dosing system based on programmable logic controller（PLC）， screw metering pump，ultrasonic flowmeter and servo driver is designed and developed to solve the prob⁃ lems of low dosing accuracy，poor stability and large dosage consumption of traditional scoop-type dosing machine in flotation process. The system uses a screw metering pump as the core execution unit to cope with the transportation challenges of high-viscosity reagents such as oleic acid. The real-time flow monitor⁃ ing is performed by an ultrasonic flowmeter，and a“perception-decision-execution”closed-loop control loop is formed by a servo driver and a PLC to achieve accurate，stable and automated addition of various flotation reagents such as collectors and inhibitors. The industrial test results show that the new dosing sys⁃ tem significantly improves the dosing accuracy，reduces the fluctuation range of reagent consumption from ± 16% of the traditional dosing method to ± 1.47%，and reduces the unit consumption of oleic acid by 33.7%. The fluctuation range of fluorite concentrate grade is reduced from 1.5% to less than 0.7%，and the recovery rate of fluorite is increased by 3.7 percentage points. The annual new addition direct economic benefit is about 4.7 million yuan. At the same time，the labor intensity of personnel is reduced and the working environment is improved. It provides an efficient and reliable technical solution for the intelligent upgrading and fine production of fluorite and similar non-metallic concentrators.
    Research and Application on Barrier-free Access Control System for Civil Explosives Production Enterprises Based on Face Recognition
    ZHU Lei, WANG Cancan
    2026, 42(05):  199-206. 
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    To address the severe challenges faced by civilian explosive production enterprises in the safety management of personnel and vehicles，and in response to the shortcomings of traditional access con⁃ trol systems such as lax identity verification，data silos，and lack of real-time functionality，a high-securi⁃ ty and high-efficiency barrier-free intelligent access control system has been developed. In terms of re⁃ search methods，the system is centered on the improved FaceNet deep learning model. By constructing a dedicated dataset for the civilian explosive scenario and adopting transfer learning and network lightweight⁃ ing technologies，the recognition accuracy and speed of the algorithm under complex conditions (such as wearing safety helmets/safety masks，dust，and changes in light) have been improved. At the same time， the system integrates industrial-grade high-definition cameras，infrared grating detection，sound and light alarms，and LED information screens，and designs a software platform with six core functions including non-intrusive passage，real-time personnel counting，over-capacity alarm，and historical traceability. The research results show that after continuous field tests in multiple scenarios，the system has a face rec⁃ ognition success rate of up to 99.1%，a single-person response time of only 0.35 s，and a concurrent pro⁃ cessing capacity of 300 people per minute. All performance indicators are significantly superior to those of traditional access control systems. The conclusion is that this barrier-free access control system successful⁃ly achieves precise，efficient，and intelligent management of personnel and vehicles in the core areas of ci⁃ vilian explosive production，effectively eliminating security risks such as identity fraud and over-capacity operations，and providing reliable technical support and practical examples for the digital transformation of safety in the civilian explosive industry.
    Research and Application on Characteristics of Wear-resistant Liner of Tower Mill Cylinder
    WANG Hongli
    2026, 42(05):  207-210，221. 
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    In order to improve the operation efficiency and life cycle economy of the tower mill in fine grinding and ultra-fine grinding operations，a comparative analysis of material composition，structural characteristics and wear resistance mechanism is systematically carried out for four types of mainstream cyl⁃ inder wear-resistant liners，including high manganese alloy steel liner，grid frame liner，rubber magnetic liner and stainless steel magnetic liner.Taking the ZTM-1250 tower mill produced by a mining equipment company as the research object，the purchase cost and wear resistance life of various lining plates are quantitatively evaluated. Combined with the typical mineral working conditions and the trend of large-scale equipment，the adaptation scenarios and selection principles are clarified.The results show that the stain⁃ less steel magnetic lining plate has the wear resistance characteristics of the same life as the equipment and the optimal comprehensive cost performance in the processing of magnetic minerals. The grille frame lining plate shows the best versatility and reliability in the mainstream working conditions such as large-scale tower mill and ceramic ball grinding.It provides a reliable basis for the scientific selection and process opti⁃ mization of the wear-resistant lining plate of the tower mill，and has important practical significance for promoting the cost reduction and efficiency increase of the mineral processing industry and ensuring the safety of national strategic resources.
    Research Progress on Ecological Restoration and Land Use Transformation of Mine Wasteland
    LIAN Weiwei ZHANG Weifeng LIU Yunjia QIAO Guanyu CHEN Yu
    2026, 42(05):  211-216. 
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    In order to systematically sort out the research progress of ecological restoration and land use transformation of mine wasteland，and provide theoretical reference for regional system governance， on the basis of clarifying the concept and classification of mine wasteland，this paper compared and ana⁃ lyzed the relevant legal systems，technical models and land reuse research status at home and abroad. Based on the theoretical framework of land use transformation，this paper expounded the ecological resto⁃ ration technology system with matrix improvement and vegetation restoration as the core，and analyzed the transformation path and core driving mechanism of multiple land use after restoration.The results show that a targeted comprehensive soil remediation technology system has been formed. After remediation，the land can achieve multiple transformations such as remediation and reclamation，landscape remodeling，but at the same time，it faces practical challenges such as lack of planning and low technical integration.In the future，multi-technology integration and mode transformation should be promoted，and the support sys⁃ tem should be improved to achieve the coordinated improvement of ecological，social and economic bene⁃ fits.
    Study on Efficient Degradation COD Technology of Beneficiation Wastewater of a Tungsten Polymetallic Ore
    HU Zhen WU Xinqiang ZHOU Hepeng LONG Huiyou HUANG Shenlong HE Xianlong
    2026, 42(05):  217-221. 
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    In order to ensure that the ore dressing wastewater from a tungsten polymetallic ore in Hu⁃ nan meets the discharge standard，aiming at the complex properties of a wide variety of residual agents in the wastewater，the“Fenton method”is used to reduce the chemical oxygen demand（COD）in wastewater by using composite ferric salt，sulfuric acid，catalyst，hydrogen peroxide，sodium hydrosulfide，PAM， caustic sodium and other chemical reagents for wastewater treatment. The results show that the beneficia⁃ tion wastewater is pre-treated by adding polyferric sulfate before it flows into the tailings pond. After the tailings pond reacts and settles，it enters the wastewater treatment station. When the COD content of the raw water is 163 mg/L，sulfuric acid is added to adjust the pH value of the wastewater to 3.5，and then 800 mg/L catalyst ferrous sulfate and 600 mg/L hydrogen peroxide are added to decompose the organic mat⁃ ter. Then 200 mg/L liquid alkali is added to adjust the pH value of the wastewater to 8，and then 3 mg/L PAM is added for flocculation and sedimentation，then 5 mg/L sodium hydrosulfide is added to react with metal ions for metathesis reaction to form metal sulfide precipitation. After the treatment of this process， the COD concentration of the beneficiation wastewater can be reduced to about 30 mg/L，which is far lower than the national standard discharge standard. It provides a solution for the efficient treatment and standard discharge of the tungsten polymetallic ore beneficiation wastewater，and can provide experience reference for other similar mines.
    Molecules Study on Adsorption-Desorption Hysteresis of CH4 and CO2 in Coal
    CAO Jianjun LIANG Shuangfeng DAI bing
    2026, 42(05):  222-228. 
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    In order to reveal the essential mechanism of adsorption-desorption hysteresis of CH4 and CO2 in coal，the adsorption-desorption behavior of CH4 and CO2 in coal is studied from the molecular scale by using the combination of grand canonical Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulation.A complete adsorption-plastic deformation-structure hysteresis-adsorption hysteresis mechanism chain is established by systematically analyzing multi-dimensional data such as adsorption configuration，pore structure，ener⁃ gy distribution and adsorption thermal evolution.The results show that gas adsorption can induce significant plastic expansion of coal matrix，and this structural deformation is irreversible in the desorption process. CO2 can induce more significant plastic deformation of coal matrix than CH4，which not only makes it have higher adsorption capacity，but also leads to a wider adsorption-desorption hysteresis loop.During the de⁃ sorption process，the plastic deformation-locked pore structure and deep-level adsorption sites greatly en⁃ hance the retention capacity of CO2. Therefore，the traditional rigid structure model has some errors in studying the adsorption behavior of coal to CH4/CO2 gas. By introducing a flexible model，the adsorption be⁃ havior of coal to gas can be more perfectly revealed.
    Study on the Growth Characteristics of Ryegrass Improved by Biochar in Iron Tailings Sandy Loamy Soil
    WANG Yue LI Mengyun LIU Hongrui MAO Lianjie CUI Wanyuan ZANG Meng
    2026, 42(05):  229-234. 
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    In order to solve the problem of vegetation restoration caused by the lack of nutrients and poor water and fertilizer retention capacity of iron tailings，and to realize the high value utilization of agri⁃ cultural waste，corncob is used as raw material to prepare functional biochar by synergistic modification of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and diammonium phosphate.The effects of functional biochar on the physi⁃ cal and chemical properties of iron tailings and the growth of ryegrass are systematically investigated by SEM，FTIR characterization and pot experiment.The results show that phosphate synergistic modification makes biochar form macro-mesoporous / microporous hierarchical structure，increases surface roughness and active sites，and successfully anchors phosphorus-containing functional groups（PO4 3- ），which signifi⁃ cantly optimizes the microstructure and chemical properties.After adding modified biochar，the water reten⁃ tion，fertilizer retention and ventilation conditions of iron tailings are improved.The early germination rate， plant height and biomass of ryegrass are significantly higher than those of the control group.The germina⁃ tion rate of 6 d is more than 80%（about 50% of the control group）. The maximum wet weight and dry weight of 24 d ryegrass are 0.449 g and 0.029 g，respectively，and the plant height is concentrated in the high value range of 5~16 cm.The effect of biochar remediation is closely related to the dosage，and 1%~3% is the best dosage range.Excessive dosage（5%）will inhibit the growth of ryegrass.The preparation and ap⁃ plication technology of corncob-based phosphate co-modified biochar proposed in this paper provides a new path of economic，environmental protection and sustainability for the ecological restoration of iron tail⁃ ings，which has both ecological benefits and resource recycling value.
    Research on the Resource Collaborative Restoration Mode of“Ecological Restoration + Public Welfare Cemetery”in an Abandoned Mine
    JU Xinghua WANG Huihui WANG Dong
    2026, 42(05):  235-239，248. 
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    In order to achieve the purpose of improving the quality and efficiency of ecological resto⁃ ration and long-term maintenance of the results of abandoned mines left over from history，in view of the practical difficulties of such mine restoration，such as heavy governance，light utilization and low degree of resource utilization，a trinity restoration model of“ecological restoration-resource utilization-industrial collaboration”is constructed by taking an abandoned mine as an example.First of all，through the slope re⁃ pair and reinforcement，soil backfill，vegetation restoration and other engineering technologies to eliminate the hidden dangers of land disasters，the three-dimensional vegetation space of“tree-shrub-vine-grass” is constructed to improve the stability of the ecosystem.Secondly，combined with the needs of regional peo⁃ ple′s livelihood and the conditions of the mining area，the functional utilization of the restored land is car⁃ ried out，and the suitable area is planned as a public welfare cemetery to realize the intensive revitalization of the land and form a“ecology-people′s livelihood”synergy mechanism. The operation income of the cem⁃ etery feeds back the ecological maintenance to ensure the long-term maintenance of the restoration results. The practice results show that the collaborative restoration model can effectively achieve multiple goals such as ecological improvement，people′s livelihood security and land resource activation，and provide a reference path for the systematic management of similar abandoned mines.
    Online Monitoring and Early Warning of Gas Concentration in Coal Mine Based on Multi-source Information Fusion
    LIU Kan
    2026, 42(05):  240-243，248. 
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    In order to solve the problems of low accuracy，slow response speed and limitations of sin⁃ gle sensor monitoring in gas concentration monitoring in coal mine，this paper proposes an online monitor⁃ ing method of gas concentration in coal mine based on multi-source information fusion. In this study， multi-sensor information data fusion technology is used to integrate multi-source data collected by meth⁃ ane sensor model IYFAS-A8FA8，temperature sensor model IYHFT-A7FG8 and air volume sensor model IGHFA-A7F8 A. Firstly，the abnormal data is eliminated by moving average line processing method，and the noise is filtered by orthogonal wavelet transform technology. Then，the double fusion mechanism is used to realize the accurate monitoring of gas concentration，and the corresponding real-time monitoring and early warning system is constructed. Taking a coal mine as the research object，the experimental verifi⁃ cation is carried out. The results show that the monitoring sensitivity of the method is above 95%，up to 99.65%，which is 31.46% higher than that of the monitoring method based on BP neural network，and 22.45% higher than that of the monitoring method based on deep learning. The monitoring value is highly consistent with the actual gas volume fraction and is within the confidence interval. The monitoring method proposed in this paper not only effectively improves the accuracy and reliability of gas concentration moni⁃ toring，but also solves the shortcomings of traditional monitoring methods. It can also avoid safety risks in a timely manner through graded early warning，providing a strong technical guarantee for coal mine produc⁃tion safety. At the same time，it provides a practical reference for the application of multi-sensor informa⁃ tion fusion technology in the field of coal mine safety monitoring，and has a good application prospect.
    Research on Supervision Countermeasures of Mineral Resources Development and Utilization
    HUANG Rongjin,
    2026, 42(05):  244-248. 
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    In order to further standardize the order of mineral resources development and utilization， aiming at the practical problems of China’s mineral resources development and utilization supervision sys⁃ tem in practice，such as insufficient supporting laws and regulations，poor supervision coordination mecha⁃ nism，lagging intelligent supervision means，weak law enforcement accountability，weak ecological resto⁃ ration supervision，and imperfect social supervision system，based on the theory of sustainable develop⁃ ment，public governance and system management，this paper systematically combs the current situation and effectiveness of the supervision of mineral resources development and utilization in China by means of literature research and normative analysis，deeply analyzes the outstanding contradictions and shortcom⁃ ings in the current supervision links，and puts forward targeted countermeasures from six aspects of improv⁃ ing the legal system，optimizing the supervision system，promoting intelligent supervision，strengthening law enforcement accountability，strictly controlling ecological risks，and building multiple co-governance. The research results show that the construction of a whole process supervision system with legalization，co⁃ ordination，intelligence and full coverage is the core path to solve the supervision problems and improve the governance efficiency，which can promote the economical and intensive use of mineral resources and provide theoretical reference and practical support for the realization of green and low-carbon transforma⁃ tion of mining industry.
    Research on Parameter Optimization and Permeability Enhancement Effect of Hydraulic Punching in High Gas and Low Permeability Coal Seam
    LU Minjie LIU Dong
    2026, 42(05):  249-254. 
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    Aiming at the engineering problems of low gas pre-drainage efficiency，fast attenuation and long pre-drainage cycle caused by high gas and low permeability characteristics of 3# coal seam in Zha⁃ ozhuang Coal Mine，the hydraulic punching pressure relief and permeability enhancement technology is used to carry out gas control optimization research. Based on COMSOL Multiphysics，a gas radial seepage model is constructed to analyze the influence of different coal-flushing amounts on the extraction radius. The results show that the coal-flushing amount is significantly positively correlated with the effective extrac⁃ tion radius，and the maximum effective extraction radius in 90 days extraction cycle can reach 5.0 m. Com⁃ bined with FLAC3D numerical simulation，the pressure relief effect of surrounding rock with different com⁃ binations of coal washing amount and hole spacing is compared and analyzed. Considering the safety and economy of the project，the optimal construction parameters of 1.5 t/m coal washing amount and 7 m hole spacing are selected. The field industrial test shows that the gas extraction concentration of hydraulic punching borehole is stable at more than 30%，without obvious attenuation，and the pure amount of gas ex⁃ traction is stable at more than 0.05 m3 /min. The average daily extraction rate of single borehole in the test borehole is 12.8 m3 /d，which is about 2 times higher than that of ordinary borehole. This technology can ef⁃ fectively improve the fracture development conditions of low permeability coal seams and significantly im⁃ prove the gas extraction effect，which can provide reference for gas control in similar mines.