Abstract: In order to further standardize the order of mineral resources development and utilization， aiming at the practical problems of China’s mineral resources development and utilization supervision sys⁃ tem in practice，such as insufficient supporting laws and regulations，poor supervision coordination mecha⁃ nism，lagging intelligent supervision means，weak law enforcement accountability，weak ecological resto⁃ ration supervision，and imperfect social supervision system，based on the theory of sustainable develop⁃ ment，public governance and system management，this paper systematically combs the current situation and effectiveness of the supervision of mineral resources development and utilization in China by means of literature research and normative analysis，deeply analyzes the outstanding contradictions and shortcom⁃ ings in the current supervision links，and puts forward targeted countermeasures from six aspects of improv⁃ ing the legal system，optimizing the supervision system，promoting intelligent supervision，strengthening law enforcement accountability，strictly controlling ecological risks，and building multiple co-governance. The research results show that the construction of a whole process supervision system with legalization，co⁃ ordination，intelligence and full coverage is the core path to solve the supervision problems and improve the governance efficiency，which can promote the economical and intensive use of mineral resources and provide theoretical reference and practical support for the realization of green and low-carbon transforma⁃ tion of mining industry.

Key words: mineral resources, development and utilization, resource supervision, intelligent supervi? sion, green mines, governance modernization