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    25 December 2025, Volume 41 Issue 12
    Previous Issue   
    Intelligent Upgrading Transformation and Application of Paste-like Filling System
    WANG Yuzhong LI Gongcheng FAN Zongyu LI Dejian XU Ping GAO Mingfa XU Wenlong YAO Liuyang
    2025, 41(12):  1-6，11. 
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    Aiming at the problems of low filling concentration，difficult tailings thickening，serious sand bin hardening and old existing filling equipment in the filling system of Weishanhu Rare Earth Mine in Shandong Province，a complete and efficient intelligent upgrading scheme of paste-like filling system is proposed by means of field investigation，system analysis and mechanical design. The intelligent transfor‐ mation of tailings thickening，material addition and slurry preparation in the filling process is carried out. The intelligent control structure，filling process parameter regulation and intelligent filling control process of the system are introduced in detail. After the completion of the transformation，the industrial test of paste-like filling was carried out. The results showed that the production index of the filling system of Weis‐ hanhu Rare Earth Mine was good after the transformation. The underflow concentration of the sand silo was 64%~66%，the slurry concentration was 68%~72%，the addition range of cementitious materials was 1∶16~1∶4. At the same time，the labor intensity of workers was significantly reduced，the labor cost was saved，and the effect of intelligent upgrading transformation of filling system was remarkable. It has impor‐ tant reference significance for the intelligent filling transformation of similar mines.
    Application of SLAM Autonomous Localization UAV Technology in Solid Scanning in Underground Confined Spaces
    CHENG Huawei GOU Shaowei GU Yang
    2025, 41(12):  7-11. 
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    The area spaces of Meishan Iron Mine refered to the shaft of the underground air flow shaft，the empty area formed by blasting，the underground ore bin，etc. are relatively small and the loca‐ tions are rather dangerous. There is a risk of edge operation or operation close to unknown empty areas. Per‐ sonnel or instruments and equipment are exposed to injuries such as falling from heights and being hit by falling objects. The measurement operation is rather dangerous and difficult. However，accurately obtaining the 3D model of the confined space underground is of great significance for guiding the scientific mining of mines. The measurement technicians of Meishan Iron Mine proposed to effectively combine (UAV) with 3D laser scanning radars，fully leveraging the flexible and efficient features of UAV to carry 3D laser scanning radars and collect point clouds of physical objects in confined spaces. By developing the SLAM positioning algorithm for UAV and the broadband wireless AD hoc network data transmission system，the tasks of data collection and transmission are accomplished. Through data thinning and modeling，the deformation of the data model can be effectively prevented and the data accuracy can be improved. Using this method，after multiple production chiller shafts were evacuated underground，the surveying personnel of Meishan Iron Mine collected the solid point cloud data of the inner walls of the shafts. Through data processing，model‐ing，and generating longitudinal and transverse sectional views of the shafts for specific data analysis，they obtained the specific data information of each chiller shaft，providing detailed first-hand data for the main‐ tenance and daily management of underground chiller shafts. By collecting the physical point cloud data of the underground blasting empty area through unmanned aerial vehicles and then establishing a 3D model， the length，width，height and specific shape of the blasting empty area can be accurately grasped，provid‐ ing a basis for accurately handling faults in the blasting empty area and eliminating potential safety hazards in production. By using UAV with autonomous positioning to carry 3D laser scanners，it is possible to com‐ plete the data collection and 3D modeling of underground narrow and complex space entities，achieving im‐ provements in operation efficiency，safety factors，and data accuracy.
    Research and Application of Intelligent Transformation of Underground Drainage System in Miaogou Iron Mine
    MENG Xin
    2025, 41(12):  12-16，23. 
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    Miaogou Iron Mine is an open-pit mine that has been converted to underground mining. The task of the underground drainage system is arduous. To achieve remote start and stop as well as moni‐ toring of the underground drainage system，an intelligent transformation research was conducted on the mine's underground drainage system. The number of water pumps and power consumption time were ratio‐ nally allocated，and equipment fault pre-diagnosis and suggestions were provided in a timely manner to achieve the goal of efficient and energy-saving operation and staff reduction. The research has constructed an intelligent transformation system integrating system network architecture，automatic control system ar‐ chitecture，equipment layer architecture，upper-level monitoring software and water pump control process. The system can be programmed with diversified and adaptive pump start-up and drainage control process software to achieve various drainage methods such as normal and energy-saving modes of water pumps. By configuring sensors such as water level，pressure，flow rate of the water sump，vibration of the water pump and motor，temperature，and water diversion circuit，the status of the drainage system can be monitored in real time. The upper-level monitoring software is equipped with fault alarm and protection functions. Once the protection threshold is reached，the system automatically triggers the protection action and sends out an alarm signal. The control of the pumps in the underground drainage system all adopts remote one-click operation，endowing the entire system with diverse control methods and complete protection control func‐ tions. After the system is completed and put into use，the management of pump drainage is optimized by taking advantage of the difference in peak and off-peak electricity prices. After the automation construction is achieved，people can be reduced to 4，and it is estimated that the direct related labor costs can be saved by 320 000 yuan per year，reducing the risk of safety accidents caused by direct contact of personnel with equipment and human operation. The research results can provide guidance and reference for the intelli‐ gent transformation of underground drainage systems in mines under similar conditions.
    Research and Application on the Influencing Factors of Psychological Load of Mine Truck Drivers under the Background of Intelligent Transformation of Mines
    JIANG Song, ZHANG Yalan, RAO Binjian, YUAN Daiguo XU Zhonghua FU Xinkai
    2025, 41(12):  17-23. 
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    Under the current background of intelligent transformation of mines，the application of in‐ telligent dispatching systems may cause excessive psychological burden on mine truck drivers，thereby af‐ fecting their operating conditions and increasing the risk of accidents. To address this issue，the research first conducted a detailed analysis of the operation process of mine truck drivers，identifying key task links and potential stressors. Subsequently，the formation mechanism of psychological load was discussed，com‐ prehensively considering multiple influencing factors such as task complexity，time urgency and working environment. To verify the analysis results，a simulated driving test is designed. The electroencephalogram (EEG) data of drivers are collected in the simulated mine environment to objectively measure cognitive load. Meanwhile，the NASA-TLX task scale is used to evaluate their subjective workload，and the random forest algorithm was utilized to construct a psychological load prediction model. The research results show that this model can identify the electroencephalogram (EEG) characteristics under various levels of psycho‐ logical load with an accuracy rate of 85%，providing a reliable basis for real-time monitoring. Finally，a dynamic perception and intelligent dispatching system for psychological load is proposed. It uses wearable sensors and machine learning algorithms to continuously track the psychological state of drivers. When it detects that the load exceeds the standard，it intervenes by adjusting task allocation or arranging rest，ef‐ fectively reducing psychological load，preventing operational errors and accidents，and ensuring the safe production and efficient operation of smart mines.
    Research on the Thickness of Safe Roof in Goaf of a Certain Molybdenum Mine from Underground to Open-pit
    ZHAO Fangfang,
    2025, 41(12):  24-29. 
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    For mines that switch from underground to open-pit mining，the retention of underground goaf areas often leads to sudden roof collapse，which in turn causes the fall of mining equipment and casu‐ alties. To eliminate the safety hazards of open-pit operations in such goaf areas and ensure the safety of equipment and personnel's lives and property，in the actual mining process，a certain molybdenum mine first used a combination of transient electromagnetic method and natural source surface wave method to ac‐ curately locate the abnormal distribution of goaf areas. Then，through drilling means，the elevation data of the top and bottom plates of the goaf areas were verified. Thus，the 3D spatial form of the goaf can be clear‐ ly defined. Based on the above survey results，the FLAC3D numerical simulation technology was further ap‐ plied to calculate and analyze the required thickness of the safe roof in the goaf. Relevant analysis shows that due to the long-term effects of multiple factors such as ground pressure activities，natural weathering of rock masses，rainwater infiltration，and vibration from blasting operations，the roof and side walls of the goaf have experienced varying degrees of instability and collapse. The actual formed spatial morphology has deviated significantly from the initial design parameters. Based on the detection data of the goaf，by using the comprehensive method of theoretical derivation and numerical simulation，when the span of the goaf reaches 18.4 m and the maximum mining height is 23.4 m，it is calculated that the minimum safe thick‐ ness required for the roof of the goaf under this condition is 22 m. The on-site blasting effect shows that the  value of this roof thickness is reasonable. The research provides scientific support for determining the tim‐
    ing of goaf management in mines，and also offers a useful reference for setting the safe roof thickness when
    structural parameters are selected in similar mining sites.
    Optimization and Application of Bench Blasting Technology in Waitoushan Iron Mine
    GAO Yushan LI Ping
    2025, 41(12):  30-33. 
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    In view of the problem that the unit consumption of explosives increased in the later stage of mining in Waitoushan Iron Mine，the comprehensive improvement of blasting technology is carried out. The three-dimensional blasting control technology system is constructed. The top air interval charge struc‐ ture is adopted in the vertical dimension，the parameters of the equilateral triangle hole network are opti‐ mized in the horizontal dimension，and the dynamic ultra-deep design adjustment is carried out in the depth dimension. At the same time，the porous ammonium oil explosive is optimized，and the closed-loop control mechanism of construction quality is established to form a collaborative control mode of“geological adaptation-parameter optimization-process control”. The field application results show that the unit con‐ sumption of explosives after technical improvement is reduced to 3 297.2 kg/10 000 t，which is 4.12% low‐ er than that before optimization，and the direct economic benefit is 1.944 million yuan per year. The blast‐ ing effect is significantly improved and the comprehensive cost is effectively reduced. The coordinated con‐ trol mode provides a systematic scheme for the optimization of blasting parameters in the later stage of deep open-pit mining，and has good promotion value.
    Design and Application of Retaining Wall in Filling Face of Zhongguan Iron Mine
    LIAO Zhiqiang, LIU Yunlong, YANG Jinguang, REN Shuai, LI Wenju, ZHANG Qingbo,
    2025, 41(12):  34-37，46. 
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    In order to solve the problems of complex process and high cost of filling retaining wall in Zhongguan Iron Mine，through theoretical analysis，stress calculation and economic comparison，the stress characteristics of filling retaining wall and the optimization of thickness parameters are carried out to explore the influence of single filling slurry height on retaining wall，and the economy of two retaining wall construction processes is compared. The results show that when the single filling height is controlled at 1.6 m and the interval between two fillings is above or equal 15 h，the retaining wall is stable，and it can be filled continuously after completely crossing the wall. The wedge calculation method is used to cal‐ culate the thickness of the retaining wall according to the compressive strength，shear strength and anti�permeability conditions，and the maximum value is taken to determine the optimal thickness of 0.6 m. The cost analysis shows that the cost of a single concrete retaining wall is 6 402 yuan，and the cost of a brick�concrete retaining wall is 5 104 yuan. After replacing the concrete retaining wall with the brick-concrete re‐ taining wall，the annual cost is saved by 1.298 million yuan，and the economic benefit is remarkable， which can provide technical reference for similar mines.
    Study on the Influence of Multi-level Mining on the Stability of Surrounding Rock in an Iron Mine
    LIU Aixing HONG Dunmin MEI Jiawei SHI Guohua
    2025, 41(12):  38-46. 
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    Aiming at the problem that the geological reserves of an iron mine are reduced due to the complex occurrence of ore bodies，which is difficult to reach the design capacity by single-level mining，a in order to reveal the influence mechanism of multi-level collaborative mining on the stability of surround‐ ing rock in the mining area，by combing the mine exploration report，preliminary design and other data， combined with the geological field investigation of the stope，the finite element numerical simulation is used to construct a three-dimensional model. The model covers the Ⅰ # ，Ⅲ# ，Ⅳ# ore belts and key roadways， and includes the rock movement range defined by the 65° rock movement angle. The mining sequence and the dynamic characteristics of the filling body are coupled，and the rock mass strength coefficient and verti‐ cal displacement are used as evaluation indicators.The results show that the strength coefficient of each ore belt is greater than 1.33 ( higher than 1.0 safety threshold )，and the vertical displacement of surrounding rock is concentrated in 1~10 mm. The maximum displacement of the non-cemented filling body is 22 mm， which does not cause major damage.The disturbance between I# ore belt and other ore belts is weak. There is slight stress superposition in III# and IV# ore belts due to the close spacing，but the strength and defor‐ mation are controllable，and the deformation of key roadways does not exceed the allowable value. The study confirmed that after taking measures such as retaining pillars，timely filling，and monitoring during ground compaction，multi-level mining can ensure the stability of surrounding rock，which provide a sci‐ entific basis for mining design and safe production of similar complex ore bodies.
    Research on the Propagation Characteristics of Blasting Vibration and the Dynamic Response Mechanism of Slopes in Open-pit Mines in High-cold Regions
    HOU Min
    2025, 41(12):  47-50. 
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    Blasting operations in open-pit mines in high-cold regions are significantly affected by low-temperature freezing. The difference in mechanical properties between frozen and unfrozen layers leads to abnormal vibration propagation and complicates the dynamic response of slopes. To reveal the in‐ fluence law of temperature field on the vibration attenuation mechanism and slope stability，an open-pit phosphate mine in a high-cold region was selected as the research object. Through comparative monitoring experiments in 3 periods of the severe cold period，the cool period and the melting period，the vibration propagation parameters under different temperature conditions were obtained. A 3D dynamic response mod‐ el of the slope considering the freeze-thaw effect was established by using ANSYS/LS-DYNA. Four freez‐ ing depth conditions were set，and the mechanism of the temperature-blasting coupling effect was system‐ atically analyzed. The research results show that in a low-temperature environment，the vibration attenua‐ tion coefficient decreases by 15% to 23%，and the main frequency shifts towards the low frequency by 8% to 12%. The freeze-thaw interface reflects 32% of the incident energy. The stiffness of the slope increases in the frozen state，but the stress concentration at the freeze-thaw interface is significant. The maximum ef‐ fective stress at the foot of the slope increases by 80.1% compared with the melting period，the plastic strain gradient reaches 0.000 18 m-1 ，and the bidirectional coupling effect of blasting vibration and slope response is obvious. A blasting vibration control method based on temperature zoning was established through research. By setting the threshold of the zoning，correcting the temperature of the charge quantity，optimizing the delay and reducing the charge at the interface，it provides a scientific basis for the safe pro‐ duction of open-pit mines in high-cold regions.
    Study on the Warning Indicators of Coal Spontaneous Combustion and Ultimate Oxygen Concen⁃ tration in Goaf of Fully Mechanized Top Coal Caving Face
    YU Cong FAN Jiulin HUANG Weiwei TONG Jiancheng SHI Guoqing
    2025, 41(12):  51-57. 
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    The study on law of gas product generation during coal spontaneous combustion is the ba‐ sis for conducting coal spontaneous combustion prediction and forecasting. The ultimate oxygen concentra‐ tion of coal spontaneous combustion is a key parameter for dividing the“three zones”of spontaneous com‐ bustion in goaf. To obtain the laws of gas production and oxygen consumption from coal spontaneous com‐ bustion in fully mechanized caving faces，coal samples were collected from the working face. Through pro‐ grammed heating experiments on the coal samples，the generation law of gas products with different oxygen concentrations with temperature was analyzed based on the experimental results. The natural ignition index gas was determined，and the CO gas threshold value was calculated through a mathematical model. A grad‐ ed warning system and threshold were established by integrating the natural ignition index gas and CO gas threshold value. By analyzing the oxygen consumption rate under different oxygen concentrations，and based on the variation of oxygen concentration with temperature，a fitting formula for apparent activation energy is established to obtain the apparent activation energy of coal spontaneous combustion under differ‐ ent oxygen concentrations. After comprehensive analysis，the Ultimate oxygen concentration index of the coal sample is determined. The research results are helpful in guiding the graded warning and precise pre‐ vention and control of spontaneous combustion in mines.
    Risk Analysis of Rockburst in Deep Mining of Shangzhuang Mine Area of Canzhuang Gold Mine
    QIN Zisen GUO Zhengcheng SUI Jingpeng
    2025, 41(12):  58-62. 
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    As a typical dynamic disaster in deep mining，rockburst poses a serious threat to the safe‐ ty production and engineering progress of mines. Therefore，accurately assessing the rockburst risk，espe‐ cially the characteristics of rockburst occurrence，is crucial for the safety of deep mining operations. This study focuses on the Shangzhuang mining area，Canzhuang Gold Mine，and systematically analyzes the rockburst risk during deep mining. Various methods including rock mechanics tests，the Hoek-Brown strength criterion for parameter conversion，hydraulic fracturing for in-situ stress testing，and numerical simulation were employed to provide foundational data for rockburst risk assessment. Historical data were used to simulate the ground pressure distribution，and the tendency of rockburst occurrence was further ex‐ plored.The results indicate that rockburst occurrence is closely related to mining depth and the stress state of the rock mass. Slight block rockfalls are likely to occur at a depth of approximately 700 m in the hanging and footwalls of the Shangzhuang mining area，while a similar risk of rockbursts exists in the point pillars at a depth of around 500 m. Furthermore，the simulation results show that as mining depth increases，the tendency for rockbursts becomes significantly stronger，particularly in regions of stress concentration， where the rockburst risk further intensifies. By analyzing the occurrence patterns of rockbursts，recommen‐ dations for optimizing mining design and implementing preventive measures are proposed，offering valu‐ able references for mine safety production and rockburst prevention.
    Research and Application on the Reasonable Strength of Filling Bodies in the Stope with Subsequent Filling Method for Staged Mining Room under Blasting Load Conditions
    CHEN Zhenkai
    2025, 41(12):  63-69，80. 
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    In large-scale mines，the subsequent filling method for staged mining room with larger production capacity is often adopted. This mining method uses medium-deep hole or large-diameter deep hole blasting for ore dropping. During the second step mining room mining，the impact load generated by medium-deep hole or large-diameter deep hole blasting is prone to cause the collapse of the filling body， seriously threatening the safety of the mine house mining operation. To solve this technical problem，the re‐ search first calculated the strength required for the self-standing of the filling body of Makeng Iron Mine through six differentiated empirical formulas，combined with the physical parameters of the filling body and the ore and rock，and initially screened the strength threshold of the first step filling body based on the safety factor. Secondly，based on the theory of transmission stress of blasting shock waves，the quantitative relationship between the charge quantity，the distance between the blast core (thickness of protective wall) and the damage of the filling body is established. The transmission stress of shock waves during blasting in medium-deep holes and large-diameter deep holes is calculated respectively to determine the required strength of the filling body to resist blasting impact. Finally，the reasonable strength of the filling body un‐ der blasting load conditions is determined. Finally，industrial tests of ore house mining blasting were carried out in the second step ore houses of 6-3-4P (medium-deep hole) and 60-2P (large-diameter deep hole) of Makeng Iron Mine. Through three-dimensional scanning of the goaf，the collapse and mixing rate of the fill‐ ing body were determined，and the reasonable parameters of the strength of the filling body and the retain‐ ing wall were verified. The research results show that when the height of the mining room is 72 m and the width is 15 m，the maximum self-standing strength of the filling body calculated by six empirical formulas is 2.22 MPa. Under the condition of considering the influence of blasting impact on the filling body，for the medium-deep hole blasting with a maximum charge of 100 kg for the side hole，when the wall thickness is 1.3 m and 2 m，the corresponding shock wave transmission stresses are 2.4 MPa and 1.7 MPa respectively. For large-diameter deep hole blasting with a maximum charge of 294 kg at the side hole，when the thick‐ ness of the protective wall is 1.87 m and 2.9 m，the corresponding shock wave transmission stresses are 2.4 MPa and 1.7 MPa respectively. Based on the research results，industrial tests of blasting for mining room mining were conducted. The collapse and mixture rate of the filling body in the medium-deep hole mining room was 1.17%，and that in the large-diameter deep hole mine house was 7.6%，both meeting the requirements for safe mining. Taking into account the self-standing strength of the filling body，the devia‐ tion of the blast hole，and the influence of the blasting load，the reasonable strength of the subsequent fill‐ ing body of the staged mining room is finally determined to be 2.4 MPa. The thickness of the filling body wall reserved for the blasting drop of medium and deep holes is 1.3~2 m，and that for the blasting drop of large diameter deep holes is 1.9~2.9 m. The parameters can effectively balance the self-sufficiency of the filling body and its resistance to blasting impact，providing a technical reference for the second step mining room mining of similar large-scale mines.
    Research Progress of Ion-type Starch Inhibitors in Hematite Flotation
    SUN Jinghui, MA Yiwen, LIU Jie ZHENG Mengke, WANG Jiaqing, YANG Xu,
    2025, 41(12):  70-76. 
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    Flotation is the key process to deal with refractory hematite，and the selection of inhibitors has a decisive influence on the flotation effect. The application of traditional starch inhibitors is limited due to poor selectivity and low solubility. Ionic starch inhibitors significantly improve their inhibition perfor‐ mance and selectivity in hematite flotation by introducing specific functional groups. The effects of starch molecular structure (amylose and amylopectin ratio) on its inhibition behavior were systematically reviewed. The flotation effects of common starches such as corn starch，cassava starch，millet starch and sorghum starch were compared. The inhibition mechanism and application status of ionic starches such as carboxy‐ methyl starch，phosphate starch，sulfonated starch，cationic starch and amphoteric starch were analyzed. Amylopectin is more likely to form a dense adsorption layer on the surface of hematite due to its branch struc‐ ture; ionic starch enhances the selective inhibition of hematite through electrostatic interaction，hydrogen bonding and coordination mechanism. Carboxymethyl starch and phosphate starch show excellent perfor‐ mance in practical applications. The aim is to provide a reference for the design of new highefficiency starch inhibitors and the development of green separation technology for hematite.
    Experimental Study on Mineral Processing of a Low-grade Copper-nickel Ore in Qinghai
    GONG Yanqing JIANG Yongfa HU Shengfu WEI Fahong
    2025, 41(12):  77-80. 
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    A low-grade copper-nickel ore in Qinghai contains 0.11% copper，0.49% nickel and 25.23% MgO. Copper-nickel minerals mainly exist in the form of sulfide minerals. The mineral composi‐ tion of the ore is complex，the dissemination is closely related，and the magnesium-containing gangue con‐ tent is high and easy to mud，which causes great difficulties in the enrichment and recovery of copper and nickel. In order to comprehensively recover the valuable elements，the copper-nickel mixed flotation pro‐ cess was adopted. Sodium silicate was used as dispersant，CMC was used as magnesium-containing gangue inhibitor，CuSO4 was used as activator，and butyl xanthate was used as collector. Under the condi‐ tion of grinding fineness of -0.074 mm accounting for 75%，the copper-nickel mixed concentrate with cop‐ per grade of 2.21%，nickel grade of 9.22%，MgO content of 3.45%，copper recovery rate of 73.18% and nickel recovery rate of 71.24% was finally obtained by two-roughing，three-cleaning and two-scavenging closed-circuit flotation process. The efficient recovery of low-grade copper-nickel resources provides a technical basis for the development and utilization of similar ores.
    Study on the Preconcentration Efficiency Increase of Magnetite by Balanced Dry Separator
    WANG Shiyi ZHAO Libing LI Zhaopeng WANG Jue REN Xiaowei WANG Zhuangzhuang
    2025, 41(12):  81-85. 
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    In order to solve the problems of low recovery rate of fine particles, serious inclusion and high tailings running rate in the pre-concentration of magnetite by traditional dry magnetic separator, a comparative test of pre-concentration process between traditional dry magnetic separator and new LCGJ se‐ ries balanced dry separator was carried out systematically by taking a high pressure roller mill product of magnetite in Inner Mongolia as the research object. The results show that under the optimum conditions, the TFe grade of concentrate is 38.98% and the mFe grade of tailings is 1.95%. The new type of balanced dry separator has significantly improved the recovery efficiency and separation accuracy of fine-grained minerals through technical improvements such as large cylinder diameter design, multi-magnetic pole and small pole distance magnetic system structure, and segmented magnetic separation. Under the conditions of magnetic field strength of 318.47 kA/m and drum speed of 80 r/min, the TFe grade of concentrate obtained is 40.69%, and the mFe grade of tailings is reduced to 0.95%, which effectively reduces the inclusion and tail running of concentrate in the dry pre-concentration process, and greatly improves the separation effi‐ ciency and concentrate quality. The balanced dry separator has obvious advantages in optimizing the pre�concentration efficiency of magnetite. The research results provide a feasible dry preconcentration technical scheme for the efficient, low-carbon and economic development of fine-grained magnetite resources in wa‐ ter-deficient areas.
    Experimental Study on the Low Alkalinity Copper-Sulfur Separation Process of a Gold-bearing Copper-Sulfur Ore
    HUANG Sheng
    2025, 41(12):  86-90. 
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    Taking a gold-bearing copper-sulfur ore as the research object，on the basis of detailed process mineralogy research，the flotation process of copper preferential flotation followed by sulfur flota‐ tion was applied under low alkalinity conditions. At the same time，the combined inhibitor of lime + pyrite inhibitor code 8395 was used for copper-sulfur separation in the first stage of copper concentrate. The amount of lime in the first stage of copper concentrate was reduced from 300 g/t to 150 g/t，and the pH val‐ ue was reduced from 11.5 to 10. The copper concentrate with copper content of 18.12% and recovery rate of 90.38%，gold content of 2.68 g/t and recovery rate of 54.80% can be obtained. The closed-circuit test index of sulfur concentrate with sulfur content of 47.86% and recovery rate of 42.93%. Compared with the process of single lime in the first stage of copper cleaning，the recovery rate of gold increased by 2.53 per‐ centage points under the condition of equivalent copper and sulfur indexes，and the effective recovery of copper，gold and sulfur under low alkalinity conditions was realized.
    Experimental Study on Recovery of Tin from a Foreign Silver Tailings by Gravity-Flotation Combined Process
    HU Jinping
    2025, 41(12):  91-95. 
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    In view of the characteristics of tin resources in a foreign silver tailings，such as fine dis‐ seminated particle size，complex mineral composition and high sulfide ore content，an experimental study on the recovery of tin by gravity separation-flotation combined process was carried out. The raw ore contains 0.90% tin，and tin mainly exists in the form of cassiterite，tetrahedrite and tin-rich colloid. The combined process of grinding-desulfurization flotation-low intensity magnetic separation-gravity separation-tin flota‐ tion was adopted. Grinding effectively improved the dissociation of monomer tin mineral，desulfurization flo‐ tation removed sulfide and high intensity magnetic minerals，gravity separation recovered coarse tin miner‐ als，and tin flotation recovered fine tin minerals. The tin concentrate with tin grade of 40.04% and recovery of 33.50% was obtained by gravity separation. Tin concentrate with tin grade of 21.53% and recovery of 24.30% was obtained by flotation. The grade of tin concentrate in the whole process is 29.41%，and the re‐ covery rate is 57.80%，which realizes the efficient recovery of tin resources in refractory silver tailings.
    Experimental Research on Beneficiation of a Black Talc from Jiangxi
    LAI Ling FU Xianrong CHEN Jun
    2025, 41(12):  96-99. 
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    The Guangfeng black talc deposit in Jiangxi Province is an important non-metallic miner‐ al resource in China. Its mineral composition is mainly talc，accompanied by dolomite，quartz and organic matter. According to the characteristics of black talc ore，the beneficiation test was carried out to optimize the process flow，improve the utilization rate of resources and promote industrial upgrading. Taking a black talc ore in Guangfeng as a sample，the mineral composition and structural characteristics of the ore were clarified by means of polarizing microscope，X-ray diffraction and chemical method. It was found that talc and gangue minerals were closely symbiotic，and the content of organic matter was high，resulting in low whiteness of the raw ore. Based on this，the flotation + calcination process was studied and designed. The results showed that the flotation concentrate with yield of 77.52%，talc grade of 83.28% and talc recovery of 87.29% was obtained by flotation closed-circuit process test. The talc concentrate with yield of 71.22%， MgO content of 31.05% and whiteness of 83.94% was obtained by roasting the flotation concentrate，so as to meet the needs of downstream industrial applications.
    Effect of Different Magnetization Treatment Methods on Foam Properties in Reverse Flotation of Hematite
    LI Fengjiu CHAI Siyang JIA Qingmei WANG Weizhi
    2025, 41(12):  100-105，124. 
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    In order to explore the effect of magnetization treatment on the foam properties of hematite in reverse flotation process，water，starch，dodecylamine and pulp were magnetized respectively. The changes of total volume of three-phase foam，foam water recovery，half-life，foam layer height，bubble density and foam film wall thickness under different magnetization modes were systematically measured， and the mechanism of magnetization treatment in hematite reverse flotation was deeply analyzed. The re‐ sults show that the optimal magnetic induction intensity of magnetized water and magnetized dodecylamine is 150 mT and 100 mT，respectively. At the optimum strength，the foam volume，foam water recovery rate，three-phase foam half-life of hematite and quartz，bubble density and foam film wall thickness were significantly improved by magnetization treatment. Magnetized starch has little effect on foam properties. The magnetized slurry only has a significant effect on the thickness of the foam film wall and the foam half�life，and is negatively correlated with the magnetic induction intensity，and the change tends to be gentle at 400 mT. The mechanism of magnetization treatment may be related to the influence of magnetic field on the hydrogen bond structure and ion polarization behavior of the solution.
    Experimental Study on Collector YK-6 in Fine Tin Ore Flotation
    HUANG Yuzhi HE Dong ZHANG Zijiang
    2025, 41(12):  106-109. 
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    The tin ore in a polymetallic sulfide ore in Yunnan has a fine dissemination size，and the proportion of -37 μm particle size is more than 70%，which is a typical refractory tin ore resource. The com‐ bined process of coarse-grained gravity separation and fine-grained flotation is used to recover tin ore on site，but the flotation recovery rate of fine-grained tin ore is low and fluctuates greatly，which seriously af‐ fects the overall tin recovery rate. In order to improve the flotation effect of fine-grained tin ore，the experi‐ mental study of YK series high-efficiency collectors was carried out. The flotation effect of YK-6 was deter‐ mined to be the best under the conditions of YK-6 dosage 700 g/t，P86 dosage 6.8 g/t and 2# oil dosage 31.76 g/t in tin roughing test. The results of closed-circuit test showed that the tin concentrate with tin grade of 6.57% and recovery of 75.42% could be obtained by using YK-6 as collector.The recovery was 5.1 percentage points higher than that of on-site combined collector. In addition，the environmental protec‐ tion performance of YK-6 reagent is excellent，and the indexes of arsenic，ammonia nitrogen，COD，F�and chromaticity in tailings water are better than those of the original reagent，which meets the require‐ ments of green beneficiation. Studies have shown that YK-6 is a fine-grained tin ore flotation collector with strong adaptability，high recovery efficiency and environmental friendliness.
    Optimization Practice of Dressing Process for High Oxidation Rate Copper-Cobalt Ore of SICOMINES in Congo (DRC)
    ZHANG Zixu FAN Haibao WANG Lei
    2025, 41(12):  110-114，124. 
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    Aiming at the problems of slow overflow of concentrate foam，poor effect of reagent and high unit consumption in the oxidation section of high oxidation rate copper-cobalt ore of SICOMINES in Congo (DRC) when using overflow flotation machine，the process flow optimization of the system was stud‐ ied. By increasing the dosage of collector and foaming agent in the oxidation section to accelerate the over‐ flow of mineralized foam，and adding desliming flotation process to the copper sulfide flotation tailings， the flotation environment is effectively improved. After optimization，the recovery rates of total copper and total cobalt in the oxidation section are increased by 2.82 and 3.76 percentage points respectively，and the dosage of vulcanizing agent is reduced by 17.21%. The flotation index is significantly improved and the cost of reagents is saved，which can provide reference for the development and utilization of this kind of re‐ sources.
    Research on the Flotation Experiment of High Mud Copper-Cobalt Ore Using Anionic Collector RS
    GAO Danxiao ZENG Pei, LI Songjiang ZHANG Zixu SHAO Kun GU Pengfei
    2025, 41(12):  115-119，124. 
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    The grade of copper and cobalt in high mud copper-cobalt ore from SICOMINES in Congo (DRC) is 2.51% and 0.246% respectively. The ore is seriously mudded, the washability is poor, and the flo‐ tation recovery rate of copper and cobalt is not high. In order to strengthen the separation of high-slime cop‐ per-cobalt ore, the anionic collector RS was used for enhanced flotation. Finally, a copper sulfide concen‐ trate with copper and cobalt grades of 4.05% and 0.72%, copper and cobalt recovery rates of 4.10% and 7.83%, a copper oxide concentrate with copper and cobalt grades of 10.16% and 0.56%, copper and cobalt recovery rates of 71.05% and 41.89%，a enhanced flotation concentrate with copper and cobalt grades of 1.41% and 0.21%, copper and cobalt recovery rates of 8.00% and 12.83% were obtained. The total copper recovery rate of copper sulfide concentrate, copper oxide concentrate and was 83.15%, and the total cobalt recovery rate was 62.55%. The resource utilization rate of high mud copper-cobalt ore is significantly im‐ proved.
    Experimental Study on Fine Grinding and Beneficiation Process for Vanadium-Titanium Magnetite Concentrate
    XUE Zhongyan HU Weiming HUANG Yusong YANG Xiaolong GAO Chunqing ZHANG Lin WANG Ning
    2025, 41(12):  120-124. 
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    Aiming at the problems of low iron grade and insufficient market competitiveness of vana‐ dium-titanium magnetite concentrate produced by a mining company in Xichang area，experimental re‐ search on fine grinding separation and upgrading process was carried out. Firstly，the mineralogical proper‐ ties of vanadium-titanium magnetite concentrate were studied by chemical multi-element，XRD，particle size composition and iron distribution. Through the comparison and selection test of ultra-fine grinding and grinding equipment of tower mill and Isamill，and tower mill was selected for grinding. On this basis，the separation indexes of single low intensity magnetic separation，single elutriation magnetic separation and combined separation of low intensity magnetic separation + elutriation magnetic separation were compared， and the combined separation process of low intensity magnetic separation + elutriation magnetic separation was determined. The high grade vanadium titanomagnetite concentrate with yield of 87.79%，iron grade of 59.33% and iron recovery of 95.45% was obtained under the conditions of tower mill grinding (-0.045 mm accounted for 90%)，low intensity magnetic separation magnetic induction intensity of 250 mT and washing magnetic separation water volume of 300 mL/s. The test results provide a technical basis for the subsequent process transformation of the mine site，and also provide a reference for the selection of similar iron con‐ centrate upgrading and impurity reduction beneficiation process.
    Beneficiation Test and Technological Process Design of a Certain Magnetite Ore in Qinghai
    SHI Xu WU Changping LIU Yibing
    2025, 41(12):  125-128，136. 
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    In order to make efficient use of an iron ore in Qinghai，systematic ore properties，benefi‐ ciation test research and technological process design were carried out. The iron grade of the raw ore is 34.02%，and the iron is mainly present in the magnetic iron，with a share of 86.05%. Through the compari‐ son test of stage grinding-stage magnetic separation (one cleaning)，stage grinding-stage magnetic separa‐ tion (two cleaning)，one-stage grinding-three magnetic separation，pre-selection and tailings discarding comparison of dry & wet，wet tailings discarding-stage grinding-stage magnetic separation，the recom‐ mended separation process is wet tailings discarding-stage grinding - stage magnetic separation. The de‐ signed beneficiation process flow has been improved in combination with the practical experience in recent years. The magnetic pulley pre-selection and tailings discarding operation has been added，and the step�grinding and step-selection process flow has been adopted to discard the gangue that has been dissociated as soon as possible. Auxiliary methods such as demagnetization，magnetic gravity separation and tailings recovery are used to strengthen the separation effect. The designed process of the concentrator reflects the principles of energy saving，high efficiency and maximum utilization of resources，and provides a new idea for the construction of this type of iron ore concentrator.
    Experimental Study on the Effect of Activated Carbon on Copper-Sulfur Separation
    WANG Junhao LIN Yuanyuan WANG Fei
    2025, 41(12):  129-131. 
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    Aiming at the problem of low grade of copper concentrate in the process of copper-sulfur separation caused by the change of raw ore properties in Longqiao Mining Concentrator，an experimental study on the effect of activated carbon on copper-sulfur separation was carried out. Through laboratory flo‐ tation tests，the effects of coconut shell charcoal，wood charcoal and coal charcoal on the grade，recovery rate and separation efficiency of copper concentrate at different dosages were systematically investigated. The results show that activated carbon can effectively improve the grade of copper concentrate，and coco‐ nut shell carbon has the best effect. The industrial test of activated carbon addition point further verifies that the addition of activated carbon in the separation roughing stage can significantly improve the copper concentrate grade to more than 18%，and does not affect the copper recovery rate，which provides a reli‐ able basis for on-site process optimization.
    Stability Analysis and Stacking Parameters Optimization of a Certain Waste Dump Based
    YUAN Qiangyong ZHANG Yakun TANG Kai,
    2025, 41(12):  132-136. 
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    Among the numerous factors affecting the stability of a waste dump，the stacking parame‐ ters are of great significance. Taking a newly-built waste dump as an example，this study conducts stability calculations on the proposed waste dump and optimizes and adjusts the local stacking parameters that do not meet the stability requirements. Through analysis of the calculation results shows that the most danger‐ ous sliding arc is cut out from the foot of the slope of the retaining dam at the bottom of the waste dump，in‐ dicating that the designed parameters of the retaining dam have a significant impact on the stability of the waste dump. Parameter adjustment should first target the relevant parameters of the retaining dam body at the bottom of the waste dump. The research respectively optimized and adjusted the retaining dam accord‐ ing to the scheme of increasing the height of the retaining dam body by 5 and 10 m，and used the residual thrust method to recheck and calculate the stability of the optimized and adjusted waste dump. After calcu‐ lation，the safety and stability standards of the waste dump under natural，rainy and seismic conditions af‐ ter increasing the height of the retaining dam by 10 m all meet the requirements of the specifications，and there is a certain safety reserve. This indicates that the optimization and adjustment plan is reasonable and feasible，avoiding large-scale adjustments to the design parameters of the waste dump and improving work efficiency.
    Analysis of the Development Characteristics and Patterns of Karst Collapse in Xinqiao Mine， Tongling City
    CHEN Bin WU Yue WANG Yixia ZHAO Jian
    2025, 41(12):  137-144，151. 
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    To analyze the characteristics and influencing factors of karst collapse in Xinqiao Mine， by collecting data on the mine's basic geology，water conservancy，engineering and environmental geolo‐ gy，water prevention and control，historical karst collapse，karst collapse geological disaster investigation and groundwater monitoring of the mine，The background conditions of the mine geological environment were mastered，the characteristics of karst collapse were summarized，and the influencing factors of karst collapse were analyzed. Through mathematical and statistical analysis，it has been clearly identified that the underlying karst developed bedrock strata，the overlying loose soil layers and groundwater activities are the main influencing factors of karst collapse. Research shows that the limestone strata with karst develop‐ ment in the lower Qixia Formation and the upper section of the Gufeng Formation are the basic conditions for the occurrence of karst collapse. Weak geological structures such as fault zones and contact zones con‐ trol the distribution and degree of karst collapse. The overlying loose strata affect the process and scale of karst collapse and provide the source of collapse materials. Mine drainage is the main dynamic factor that induces karst collapse. Karst collapses in mining areas are mostly circular or oval in shape，with diameters and depths mostly less than 5 m. Over 90% of them are induced by mine drainage and dewatering，and they intensify with the increase of groundwater activity. The collapses are characterized by concentrated dis‐tribution along the complex sections of limestone karst development areas and fault and contact zone struc‐ tures. The research results have clarified the influencing factors of karst collapse in the mining area，pro‐ viding a scientific basis for the prevention and control of karst collapse in the mining area. It is suggested that the engineering construction avoid the weak structural zone and optimize the mine drainage manage‐ ment to reduce the risk of collapse.
    Research on Stability of Tailings Dam with Stratified Structure under Rainfall Conditions
    SUN Shiguo PENG Ruixue SONG Zhifei MA Junteng WU Wenxiang YOU Yang
    2025, 41(12):  145-151. 
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    Rainfall is one of the main disaster-causing factors that induce the instability and failure of tailings dams. To explore the influence weights of rainfall intensity and duration on the seepage evolution and stability of tailings dams，taking a typical tailings dams in Chifeng，Inner Mongolia as the research ob‐ ject，a 3D finite element model that can reflect the stratified structure and rock mass characteristics of the tailings dam body was constructed based on the MIDAS GTS NX platform. By designing and comparing the gradient changes of rainfall intensity（10~200 mm/d）and rainfall duration under constant rainfall intensity， the dynamic response laws and stability deterioration mechanisms of the seepage field of tailings dams under the 2 rainfall modes were systematically revealed. Research shows that under the condition of equivalent rainfall，the control effect of rainfall intensity on the stability of the dam body is significantly stronger than that of rainfall duration. Specifically，high rainfall intensity（>200 mm/d）will cause a sharp rise in the infil‐ tration line，with the peak infiltration flow velocity increasing by 354.23%. At the same time，it will in‐ duce the concentrated area of maximum shear strain to gradually shift from the tailings accumulation dam to the initial dam，resulting in a decrease in the safety factor and significantly increasing the risk of infiltra‐ tion damage. Although the prolonged duration of rainfall can cause a gradual change in the pore water pres‐ sure gradient and a lagging rise in the infiltration surface，it shows weak sensitivity to the disturbance am‐ plitude and stability reduction rate of the seepage field. The research results quantitatively reveal the differ‐ entiated influence laws of rainfall parameters on the disaster process of tailings dams，which can provide a theoretical basis for the risk early warning and prevention and control decision-making of tailings dams un‐der rainfall.
    Research and Application on the Values of Mechanical Parameters of Rock Mass in a Mine Slope Based on the Generalized Hoek-Brown Criterion
    FANG Songgen, CHEN Guoqiang, GUO Jikui, WU Wei, HU Sihan,
    2025, 41(12):  152-156. 
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    The reasonable selection of rock mass mechanical parameters is the core issue in the sta‐ bility analysis of open-pit mine slopes. Taking an open-pit mine as the object，aiming at the problem that the traditional parameter value selection method is difficult to reflect the nonlinear strength characteristics of the rock mass，the rock mass parameter reduction method based on the generalized Hoek-Brown criteri‐ on is selected. Through the reduction of indoor rock mechanics test data，the complete rock mechanics pa‐ rameters are obtained. Combining geological strength indicators and blasting disturbance factors，a parame‐ ter reduction model considering the heterogeneity of rock mass and the nonlinearity of strength was con‐ structed. On this basis，the applicability of four types of deformation modulus calculation methods，namely the complete Hoek-Diederichs，the modified Hoek-Diederichs，the early Hoek and the simplified Hoek�Diederichs formulas，was systematically compared and analyzed. Research shows that the generalized Hoek-Brown criterion couples blasting disturbances with the structural characteristics of rock mass into the parameter reduction process，which can effectively reflect the heterogeneity and strength nonlinear charac‐teristics of hard rock mass，and significantly improve the engineering applicability of the parameters of hard rock mass. In the calculation of deformation modulus，the complete Hoek-Diederichs formula has the best calculation accuracy and is suitable for quantitative analysis of slope stability. The modified Hoek�Diederichs formula can be used as an alternative solution under the condition of missing parameters. The results provide methodological support for the selection of mechanical parameters of high-intensity dis‐ turbed hard rock slopes. The simplified Hoek-Diederichs formula is only applicable to rapid trend estima‐ tion. The research provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the selection of mechanical param‐ eters of high-intensity disturbed hard rock slopes，and has important reference value for similar mining projects.
    Analysis of Geological Characteristics and Prospecting Potential of Tianmen-Shanghu Fluorite Deposit
    MA Chao MA Tian
    2025, 41(12):  157-164. 
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    Taking the newly discovered small fluorite deposit in Tianmen-Shanghu as the research object，the geological characteristics and metallogenic regularity of the deposit are systematically studied in order to evaluate the deep prospecting potential and guide the regional exploration and deployment. The results show that the deposit is located in the southeastern margin of the northern part of the Huichang red bed basin，which belongs to the important Ruijin-Huichang fluorite metallogenic belt in southern Jiangxi Province. The fluorite ore body is located in the andesite vein and the NE-trending fault tectonic belt near the contact zone with the rock mass. It is strictly controlled by the fault tectonic belt and belongs to the me‐ dium-low temperature hydrothermal filling vein fluorite deposit. In the area，the deposit is located in the Ruijin-Huichang fluorite metallogenic belt controlled by the Shicheng-Xunwu deep fault，which has simi‐ lar metallogenic geological conditions with the surrounding large deposits. The deep drilling data show that the ore body below the elevation of +140 m shows a trend of increasing thickness and grade，which is con‐ sistent with the deep mineralization characteristics of Huashi and Ruiyuan fluorite deposits in the adjacent area，indicating that there is a good prospecting space in the deep part. Therefore，it is considered that there is a great prospecting prospect in the deep part of the mining area，which is worthy of further deep prospecting work.
    Analysis of Geological Characteristics and Prospecting Potential of Marropino Pegmatite Type Tantalum-Niobium Deposit in Mozambique
    ZHANG Lianxiang, DING Liang, PAN Shiyu, HU Bo, PENG Shutao,
    2025, 41(12):  165-173. 
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    The Marropino tantalum-niobium deposit in Mozambique is a typical representative of the Upper Ligonia pegmatite-type rare metal metallogenic belt in the Neoproterozoic Mozambique active belt in eastern Africa.Since the discovery of tantalum-niobium pegmatite in this area in 1958，intermittent min‐ ing has been carried out until 2013.Due to the reduction of resources，the increase of mining costs and lo‐ cal riots，the mining has been suspended so far. It is of great significance to find deep and edge resources to restore the mine. In order to study the geological characteristics of the deposit and point out the future prospecting direction，relying on the Morrua deposit in Mozambique，based on the field geological survey of the Marropino mining area and the analysis of the existing geological data in the study area，the geologi‐ cal characteristics of the Marropino pegmatite type tantalum-niobium deposit are summarized，and the prospecting prospect of the mining area is evaluated. Comprehensive analysis shows that the deposit was formed in the Pan-African orogenic movement and was obviously controlled by magmatic rocks and struc‐ tures. The ore-forming materials are mainly derived from the Pan-African granite body，and the Namama thrust belt provides the ore-conducting channel. The Pan-African granite magma has undergone multi-stage evolution. The fluid rich in volatiles and rare metal elements in the late stage is filled along the sec‐ ondary tensile fractures to form rare metal pegmatite containing tantalum，niobium and lithium，which con‐ stitutes a 'trinity' metallogenic system of magma-structure-mineralization. The ore body occurs in the LCT type granite pegmatite，which is veined and lenticular. The surrounding rock is hornblende schist，which belongs to the granite pegmatite type tantalum niobium deposit. Combined with the analysis of metallogenic geological characteristics，ore-controlling factors and prospecting indicators，the deep edge and periphery of the mining area have good prospecting prospects. This study results have certain guiding significance for further prospecting work in the mining area and surrounding areas with similar metallogenic geological con‐ ditions in the future.
    Petrochemical Characteristics and Ore-bearing Analysis of Plu Volcanic Rock Belt in Xinjiang
    LIU Ning LIU Ruinian,
    2025, 41(12):  174-181. 
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    The Pulu volcanic rock belt in Xinjiang is located on the southern edge of the Tarim Plate and to the north of the West Kunlun Block. It is an important part of the Late Paleozoic West Kunlun orogen‐ ic belt and also a key area for the accumulation of polymetallic resources in the region. To reveal the forma‐ tion mechanism，tectonic background and mineral element evolution process of this volcanic rock belt，de‐ fine the mineralization period of the West Kunlun polymetallic deposit，assess the mineralization potential， and provide a scientific basis for the division of mineralization zones and subsequent mineral exploration. The research adopted a method combining field investigation and indoor analysis. Field exploration was con‐ ducted to clarify the rock formation，lithological composition and spatial distribution of the volcanic rock belt. The rock types and alkalinity were identified through rock chemical analysis indoors，combined with TAS diagrams and AR-SiO ₂ relationship diagrams. Rare earth elements were tested and the distribution curves were analyzed to explore the magma source area. The mineral bearing was evaluated by using Xg /Xa values and concentration Clark values. The results show that this volcanic rock belt is mainly composed of in‐ termediate-basic volcanic rocks，which have undergone metamorphism from low-green schist facies to high-green schist facies，and the rock types are complex. The samples in the TAS diagram are mostly ba‐ salt，andesite and ultrabasic rocks，and the alkalinity is mainly calc-alkaline rocks. The total amount of rare earths ∑REE is (25.85~120.70) ×10⁻⁶，showing the characteristics of continental thread-porphyry basalt. The Xg /Xa values of Zn，Cu and Pb are relatively low. Sb is a strongly aggregated element. Zn，Pb，Cu and Ag show a multi-peak skewed distribution. The deposit is mainly copper and copper-zinc. The formation of volcanic rock belts is related to the activities of discrete plates and has great potential for mineral explora‐ tion. The mineralization is controlled by the rift environment，magmatic activities and faults. The research re‐ sults are of great value for the study of the structure and mineralization of the West Kunlun and mineral ex‐ ploration.
    Research on Automated Precision Weighing Technology Based on Robot for Trace Iron Concentrate Powder
    HU Jian JIANG Chunjin YUE Xingtong, ZHANG Wenhui PENG Yongqi LIU Jun HU Zhenjiang ZHANG Junjie
    2025, 41(12):  182-187，206. 
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    The determination of total iron content in iron ore serves as a crucial basis for quality as‐ sessment，where redox titration analysis requires iron concentrate weighing precision of 200±50 mg. Cur‐ rent manual weighing processes face challenges including low accuracy and insufficient efficiency. This pa‐ per proposes an automated precision weighing technology for micro iron concentrate based on robotic sys‐ tems，accompanied by corresponding software development. Firstly，an automated precision weighing sys‐ tem was constructed by integrating Siemens PLC，ABB robot and Mettler one-ten-thousandth electronic balance. Secondly，a multi-device collaborative hierarchical real-time communication scheme based on Profinet and RS-232 was designed，incorporating a dynamic data interaction system between PLC and electronic balance，along with a PLC-driven robot control system. Thirdly，robot end-effector bottle grip‐ ping and vibration powder discharge strategies were developed，combined with an improved D-H parame‐ ter model for robot motion path planning. Finally，automated precision weighing experiments with 200 mg iron concentrate were conducted using the established hardware-software system，achieving an average de‐ viation of +0.71 mg，standard deviation of 2.13 mg，and average duration of 37.43 s. This research pro‐ vides an automated solution for high-precision and efficient micro iron concentrate weighing.
    Experimental Study on the Thickening and Desliming of Ultrafine Ilmenite Using CZ100 Cyclone
    JIANG Kebing
    2025, 41(12):  188-192. 
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    Ilmenite resources is rich in western Panzhihua area，but it is easy to produce over crush‐ ing phenomenon in the process of fine grinding and separation，which leads to the loss of a large number of ultra-fine ilmenite in the form of slime. In order to improve the utilization rate of resources，the concen‐ tration and desliming test of -38 μm ultra-fine ilmenite was carried out by using CZ100 cyclone. The ef‐ fects of cyclone diameter，grit diameter，overflow pipe diameter，insertion depth，cone angle，feeding pressure and concentration on the classification effect were systematically studied. The optimal combina‐ tion of structural parameters was determined by laboratory test，and further industrial test verification was carried out. The results show that under the conditions of 8 mm grit mouth diameter，32 mm overflow pipe diameter and ore feeding pressure over 0.35 MPa，the industrial continuous operation for 72 h can obtain the stability index of 34.99% grit concentration，63.13% yield and 68% TiO2 recovery rate. The proportion of grit +0.005 mm particle size reaches 95.24%，which effectively realizes the efficient concentration and desliming of ultra-fine ilmenite. The research results provide a feasible technical path for the recovery and utilization of ultra-fine ilmenite in western Panzhihua area.
    Research on the Performance of Thermal Insulation Material with Tin Tailings for Surrounding Rocks in Deep Mine
    TIAN Xiaohui XIAO Yigai NING Shouquan
    2025, 41(12):  193-197，217. 
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    To solve heat hazard in deep mining，by injecting a large amount of tailings base insulation materials into the surrounding rock of high-temperature shafts and roadways，the heat of the original rock is restricted from being transmitted to the air flow in the shafts and roadways，and supplemented by ventilation measures for cooling and heat dissipation，the goal of creating a suitable working environment is achieved. The research proposes to take solid waste resource tin tailings as the main raw material，design orthogonal experiments，prepare insulation materials for surrounding rocks in deep mine，and explore the effects of tin tailings，cement，aluminum powder，etc. on the mechanical properties，insulation effect and microstruc‐ ture of the materials. The results of scanning electron microscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance show that when the porosity is 14%，the compressive strength of the material is better. When the porosity is 12%，the material has a better heat insulation effect. The orthogonal test results show that the optimal ratio of the test raw materials is 60 parts of tin tailings，18 parts of cement，1 part of aluminum powder，and a volume ratio of 5% of glass microspheres. The compressive strength of the material reaches 0.8 MPa，and the thermal conductivity reaches 0.273 W/（K·m），which is 1/6 of the thermal conductivity of ordinary concrete. It has the advantages of fire resistance and flame retardancy，low cost，and simple construction，which can meet the needs of deep mine heat hazard control in Gaofeng Mine of Huaxi，Guangxi.
    Application of Risk Monitoring and Early Warning System of Tailings Ponds Based on Machine Vision Technology
    LI Dongmei WANG Hui LI Song SHAO Yanbin LIU Zhenhua LIU Peixun
    2025, 41(12):  198-202. 
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    In the risk monitoring and early warning system of tailings ponds in non-coal mines，to ad‐ dress the key issues，such as the low accuracy of surface displacement monitoring methods，the easy drift of data reference points，the high false alarm rate of dry beach length monitoring，and the lack of intelli‐ gent analysis of tailings dam stability，a tailings pond risk monitoring and early warning model based on machine vision measurement algorithms is constructed through a research method combining indoor and field tests. It is proposed to apply machine vision technology to the risk monitoring and early warning sys‐ tem of tailings ponds，adopting intelligent analysis methods for surface displacement，dry beach monitor‐ ing and stability，as well as countermeasures for machine vision monitoring under complex climatic condi‐ tions and data transmission in harsh environments，to ensure the measurement accuracy and real-time per‐ formance of machine vision. The research selected the representative Yangshan Tailings Pond of Jiangxi Jinshan Mining Co.，Ltd. as the on-site pilot project. The results were compared with the detection results of the monitoring equipment already installed in the tailings pond. The measurement accuracy of both hori‐ zontal and settlement dislocations was improved. Moreover，edge computing was adopted，and abnormal problems were promptly reported. The intelligent recognition rate of the dry beach length of the tailings pond by the AI analysis measurement method was high. The false alarm rate was 0%，and it had strong adaptability in adverse weather and environmental conditions，thus having great value for promotion and application.
    Detection and Assessment of Occupational Hazard Factors For a Labor Contracting Unit of Metal Mine
    HUANG Yuan, YUAN Hongmei, XU Yan, LU Zhen, DANG Jintao,
    2025, 41(12):  203-206. 
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    Mine labor contracting units usually engage in underground and auxiliary maintenance op‐ erations in mines，and people are exposed to a wide variety of occupational disease hazards，whose health is very serious. To assess the current situation of occupational disease hazards exposed to workers in four metal mine labor contracting units under a certain group，the research adopts on-site investigation methods and oc‐ cupational disease hazard factor detection methods to identify and detect occupational disease hazard factors existing in the mining and maintenance processes of labor contracting units. Targeted control and treatment measures were proposed. The results show that the qualified rate of dust position (total dust) detection is 76.6%，and the maximum concentration of silica dust (total dust) reaches 6.9 mg/m³. The pass rate of silica dust (exhaled dust) detection was 71.9%，and the maximum concentration of silica dust (exhaled dust) reached 4.2 mg/m³. The noise detection pass rate was 73.6%. The noise in the rock drilling and maintenance processes exceeded the standard seriously，with the maximum noise value reaching 102.1 dB. The test re‐ sults of other physical factors and chemical toxins were all qualified. Labor contracting units should take ef‐ fective prevention and control measures for employees in positions with excessive occupational disease haz‐ ard factors and enhance the use of personal protective equipment. Great attention should be paid to problems such as thickened lung markings and hearing loss that occur during occupational health examinations. 
    Experiment on Clean and Efficient Recovery of Copper from Waste Circuit Boards by Pre-leaching Combined with Cyclone and Vertical Electrodeposition Method#br#
    ZHANG Wenxuan LUO Lin LI Wenhua
    2025, 41(12):  207-212. 
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    A new method for efficient recovery of copper from waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) by pre-leaching combined with Cyclone and vertical electrodeposition process was proposed. Firstly，the impurities such as Zn，Fe，Ni and Al in WPCBs were removed by hydrochloric acid pre-leaching. The ef‐ fects of hydrochloric acid concentration，leaching temperature，stirring speed and leaching time on the pre-leaching effect were systematically studied，and the optimum leaching conditions were obtained. The concentration of hydrochloric acid was 1.0 mol/L，the leaching temperature was 35 ℃，the stirring speed was 500 r/min，and the leaching time was 5 min. Under these conditions，the leaching rates of Zn，Fe，Ni and Al reached 99.99%，94.20%，85.10% and 95.20%，respectively. After pre-leaching，the copper con‐ tent in WPCBs was enriched from 38.50% to 60.10%，and the impurity content was significantly reduced. On this basis，Cyclone and vertical electrodepositionwas conducted，the effects of H2SO4 concentration， initial Cu2+ concentration，current density，electrode spacing and liquid-solid ratio on copper recovery and current efficiency were investigated. The optimal electrowinning parameters were obtained as follows. H2SO4 concentration was 180 g/L，initial Cu2+ concentration was 50 g/L，current intensity was 1.5 A，elec‐ trode spacing was 3 cm，and liquid-solid ratio was 50 mL/g. The verification test results show that under the optimal conditions，the copper recovery rate reaches 95.62%，and the purity of cathode copper is high‐ er than 99.9%. The research method provides a feasible process route for the efficient and clean recovery of copper from WPCBs.
    Research on Land Reclamation Technology for Jiandingshan Mining Segment in Xinxing Mining Area of Linyi City
    WANG Gaoli YI Lili HE Jiang, LIU Yunqiu,
    2025, 41(12):  213-217. 
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    In order to more effectively rehabilitate and utilize the land damaged by mining operations， promote intensive land use，and improve the ecological environment of the production and construction ar‐ eas of mines，this study addresses the land rehabilitation issues related to the newly established mining area in the Jianshan mining segment of Linyi，Shandong. An investigation and assessment of the land use within the mining rights area，the current land damage in the mining district，and the land intended for damage due to open-pit mining have been conducted. The research is based on national policy documents and regu‐ lations concerning geological ecological environment restoration and land rehabilitation in mining areas as key reference standards. It also encompasses technical studies on the issues concerning land slated for dam‐ age in the new mining area，proposing corresponding land rehabilitation measures to provide a reliable basis for future rehabilitation efforts.
    Design and Application of Automatic Ore Discharge System in Storage Bins in a Concentrator
    PENG Li WU Jie
    2025, 41(12):  218-221. 
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    t As a key link in the beneficiation process，the continuity and stability of the ore bin di‐ rectly affect the operation efficiency and product quality of the subsequent processes. Aiming at the prob‐ lems of frequent blocking，arching，lack of detection and unstable feeding in the process of dealing with high water content and fine-grained tin crude concentrate in a tin concentrator in Yunnan，an automatic feeding system for ore bin is designed and implemented，which integrates detection，judgment and execu‐ tion. The system adopts a three-layer control architecture of perception-decision-execution，and integrates radar level gauge，belt scale，double-position vibration dredging unloader，air gun and belt feeder to real‐ ize real-time monitoring and intelligent control of material state. The practical application shows that the system significantly improves the material balance rate and metal recovery rate，reduces the tailings grade， effectively reduces the labor intensity，and provides a technical solution for the intelligent transformation of similar mining enterprises.
    Application of CH-SWCXJ2200L Type Elutriation Machine in Dahongshan Iron Mine
    YE Xianhua, ZHANG Jianglong
    2025, 41(12):  222-225. 
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    In order to reduce the impurity content in iron concentrate and improve the grade of iron concentrate in Dahongshan No.2 concentrator，CH-SWCXJ2200L automatic elutriation magnetic separator was introduced to carry out engineering technical transformation. The industrial test and production prac‐ tice show that the elutriation machine is used to replace the original three-stage wet drum magnetic separa‐ tor for quality improvement and impurity reduction. The tailings of the elutriation machine are recovered by the salvage machine. Under the condition that the feeding grade of 62.97%，the concentrate grade of the el‐ utriation machine reaches 67.30%，which is 0.99 percentage points higher than that of the original three�stage magnetic concentrate. The SiO2 content is reduced to 4.26%，and the operation recovery rate is 96.47%. At the same time，the content of harmful elements such as potassium and sodium is significantly reduced. It not only improves the product quality，but also brings significant economic benefits to the enter‐ prise. The annual direct economic benefit is 6.366 8 million yuan，which has good promotion value.
    Application of Ceramic Pumps in Longqiao Mining Concentrator
    YU Haitao
    2025, 41(12):  226-229. 
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    In order to improve the service life and operation efficiency of the key conveying equipment in the concentrator and reduce the maintenance cost，aiming at the problems of serious wear and frequent re‐ placement of traditional rubber pump and alloy pump under the condition of high abrasive slurry，taking Longqiao Mining Concentrator as the research object，the application of ceramic pump in five key process‐ es，such as primary grinding，ϕ65 m thickener，sand washing pump，regrinding and total tail，was system‐ atically analyzed，and the operation cycle，maintenance frequency and procurement cost of ceramic pump and traditional pump were compared，the economic benefit quantitative analysis is carried out. The results show that the service life of the ceramic pump in each process is significantly prolonged，the direct econom‐ ic benefit is more than 800 thousand RMB，and the maintenance workload and downtime are greatly re‐ duced. The ceramic pump has significant technical advantages and good economic feasibility in the high�abrasion environment of mineral processing，which improves equipment reliability and production continu‐ ity. The application can provide experience and technical support for similar mining enterprises.
    Research on Flexible Continuous Production Process of Ferrite Magnetic Tiles Based on MES System
    ZHOU Qiaoling SHU Yunfeng HU Rui
    2025, 41(12):  230-233. 
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    In view of the problems of discontinuous process flow，low equipment utilization rate and poor raw material adaptability in the traditional production process，a flexible continuous production pro‐ cess of ferrite magnetic tile based on MES is proposed. Through the integrated MES system，the automatic identification of raw material information，the dynamic matching of production parameters and the real�time monitoring of equipment status are realized，and the whole process automatic production line from batching to finished products is constructed. The results show that the system can improve production effi‐ ciency by 15%~20%. In addition，the system reduces energy consumption per unit product by 12% through intelligent scheduling and energy management optimization. The research results provide a techni‐ cal reference for the intelligent manufacturing of ferrite magnetic tiles，and verify its economy and environ‐ mental friendliness in industrial applications.
    Experimental Research and Production Practice of Comprehensive Recovery of Silver from Aqua Regia Slag
    LI Jinwei YANG Siting HU Shitong YU Jun
    2025, 41(12):  234-236，242. 
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    Jiangxi Sanhe Gold Co.，Ltd. used the pyrometallurgical smelting process to recover gold and silver from aqua regia residue，which had problems such as low recovery rate and large loss. Through systematic process technology analysis and experimental research，the combined process of wet reduction of ammonia water and hydrazine hydrate + pyrometallurgical smelting was determined，and the optimum process parameters in the wet stage were determined. Leaching time was 0.5 h，20% concentration of am‐ monia water dosage was 4 mL/g，liquid-solid ratio was 5 mL/g. Under this optimized condition，industrial practice was carried out. The results show that the combined process can significantly improve the recovery effect of silver. The direct recovery rate of silver is 22.26 percentage points higher than that of the original single fire process，and the comprehensive recovery rate is as high as 98.58%. At the same time，the puri‐ ty of gold products has been improved，and energy consumption and environmental pollution have been ef‐ fectively reduced. This process provides a technical solution for the efficient and clean recovery of gold and silver in aqua regia residue.
    Research on Quality Evaluation and Development Value of the East Ore Body of a Mine Based on AHP
    FENG Yanping LI Kuimeng LIU Jia MAO Zhiyuan,
    2025, 41(12):  237-242. 
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    In order to scientifically determine the resource development value of the eastern ore body of a mine and support the mining planning of mining engineering，the physical and chemical properties of the ore body are systematically studied through on-site drilling coring and indoor multi-index test. Aiming at the problem that the effect of mineral processing is affected by the combination of ore body's hardness， Mo grade and pyrite content，the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to construct a three-level evalu‐ ation system to quantify the comprehensive effect of various factors on the development value of ore body. The evaluation results show that Mo grade contributes the most to the comprehensive score (weight 0.639)， which is the core index to determine the economic value of the ore body. The pyrite content (weight 0.250) and the Platts hardness (weight 0.111) are second，and both too high are not conducive to improving the quality and efficiency of mineral processing. The comprehensive score of drilling shows that the ore bodies around ZK1-1 hole 600.00~610.00 m and ZK2-2 hole 620.00~630.00 m have higher scores，which can be used as priority mining areas to improve resource utilization efficiency. The low score interval needs to be combined with geological survey to further evaluate its economic development feasibility.