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Table of Content

    25 June 2026, Volume 42 Issue 06
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    Research on the Development of the Rare Metal Industrial Chain in Guangxi: Structural Bottlenecks，Breakthrough Paths and Systematic Strategies
    HUANG Lining QIN Chuli LIANG Lijun ZHOU Hui PAN Wangsheng HUANG Guangqiong
    2026, 42(06):  1-9，17. 
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    Rare metals serve as an indispensable material foundation for supporting national strategic emerging industries and defense security systems. This study takes the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Re⁃ gion as its research object，focusing on nine strategic rare metals including niobium（Nb），tantalum （Ta），lithium（Li），beryllium（Be），zirconium（Zr），hafnium（Hf），strontium（Sr），rubidium（Rb）， and cesium（Cs). A comprehensive industrial chain analysis framework is systematically constructed，cov⁃ ering“mineral exploration → mining and beneficiation → smelting and separation → material prepara⁃ tion → end-use applications → recycling”，integrating theories of global value chains，industrial clus⁃ters，and innovation ecosystems. The research reveals that Guangxi's rare metal industrial chain faces a profound structural imbalance characterized by“a fragile upstream foundation，a broken midstream link， and a singular downstream application.”Specifically，the upstream sector suffers from low exploration lev⁃ els despite favorable resource endowments，resulting in an unclear resource inventory；the midstream sec⁃ tor is nearly vacant in terms of high value-added smelting and material preparation；and the downstream sector is severely underdeveloped except for the lithium battery industry，which remains decoupled from lo⁃ cal resources. The core constraints lie in the unresolved technological bottlenecks for the efficient and clean comprehensive utilization of complex associated resources—particularly bauxite smelting by-prod⁃ ucts（red mud）—as well as insufficient support from the regional innovation ecosystem and industrial clus⁃ ters. Through horizontal comparison with major domestic rare metal industrial agglomerations in Inner Mon⁃ golia，Sichuan，and Xinjiang，Guangxi's unique advantages in resource associated characteristics and ASEAN-facing geographical location are identified. Confronted with dual pressures from global supply chain restructuring and domestic industrial upgrading，this paper proposes a systematic breakthrough strat⁃ egy centered on“exploration first，technological breakthrough，cluster development，and open coopera⁃ tion”. Specific implementation pathways include implementing strategic mineral exploration projects to con⁃ solidate the resource foundation；targeting“multi-metal co-extraction and bulk utilization from red mud” as a key technological breakthrough to address comprehensive resource utilization challenges；leveraging the port advantages of the Beibu Gulf to establish high-end material deep-processing clusters and strength⁃ en the weak core links of the industrial chain；fostering a deeply integrated innovation consortium involv⁃ ing government，industry，academia，research，finance，application，and service sectors；and improving the strategic implementation guarantee system from the four dimensions of organizational coordination，poli⁃ cy support，resource guarantee，and open cooperation，accompanied by a comprehensive benefit analysis. This study aims to provide theoretical basis and practical reference for Guangxi to transform its latent re⁃ source advantages into industrial competitive advantages and facilitate its deeper integration into the nation⁃ al critical raw material security system.
    Research Progress on Silicon and Calcium Removal Reagents in Flotation Purification of Magnesite
    LIN Yan KONG Shihan WANG Ruixue LI Guang ZHANG Wenhui DONG Hainan GUO Ke
    2026, 42(06):  10-17. 
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    In order to realize the fine purification of low-grade magnesite，the research status of sili⁃ con removal and calcium removal reagent system in the flotation purification process of magnesite was sys⁃ tematically reviewed，focusing on the two core directions of silicon-magnesium separation and calcium�magnesium separation. In the separation of silicon and magnesium，the research progress of silicon remov⁃ al collectors（modified amines，quaternary ammonium salts，ionic liquids and composite collectors）and silicon removal inhibitors（organic phosphonic acids，cellulose and regulators）were summarized，and the mechanism and application effect of different agents were analyzed. In the aspect of calcium and magne⁃ sium separation，the development and application status of calcium removal collectors（single and new synthetic collectors，compound collectors）and calcium removal inhibitors（surfactants，phosphonates， biopolymers，etc.）were summarized. At the same time，the research direction of simultaneous separation and flotation of magnesium，silicon and calcium was discussed，including traditional amine reverse flota⁃ tion-positive flotation process，organic chelating agent synergistic flotation and new modified collector de⁃ velopment，which provide reference for the innovative development and process optimization of high-effi⁃ ciency flotation purification agents for magnesite，and promote the efficient utilization of magnesite re⁃ sources.
    Research and Application on Rock Moving Angle Optimization Based on Critical Granular Column Theory
    LIAN Yiming LI Zhanjin, LI Qun, LI Shibo ZHANG Zhongyu WANG Zhiyuan
    2026, 42(06):  23-29. 
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    To accurately determine the moving angle of the surface road affecting the iron mine in He⁃ bei Province，based on the critical granular column theory，the engineering analogy method and theoretical analysis method were used to optimize the study of the rock moving angle affected by the surface road of this iron mine，and the PFC2D numerical simulation was adopted for verification. The results show that by using the critical granular column theory，the calculated rock moving angle increased from 65° to 71°，and the rock moving angle obtained by the numerical simulation method was approximately 73°. This indicates that the rock moving angle calculated by the critical granular column theory is relatively reliable. Therefore，the critical granular column can provide certain lateral supporting force for the collapse pit side wall under the caving mining conditions，and the optimized 71° rock moving angle is more in line with the actual engineering situation of this mine compared to the original design of 65°. After re-determining the road protection range based on the 71° rock moving angle，when mining reaches the -320 m level，approximately 1.75 million tons of overburden resources under the road can be released，providing a technical basis for extending the ser⁃ vice life of the mine，and being of great significance for the continued production of the mine.
    Research on Short-term Dynamic Evolution Pattern of Impact Risk in the Irregular Working Surface with a Knife Handle Shape
    SUN Hang SUN Qingchao ZHANG Quan WANG Shaochen WANG Lei LI Peijian ZENG Kezhi
    2026, 42(06):  30-36. 
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    The irregular working surface with a knife handle shape has a complex and unique geomet⁃ ric form，which significantly increases the risk of impact and makes the evolution pattern difficult to pre⁃ dict. To study the impact risk and short-term dynamic evolution pattern of this type of working surface dur⁃ ing mining，by statistically analyzing the microseismic time series data of the irregular area of the working surface during mining，large energy events were selected as key nodes，and the impact risk distribution be⁃ fore the occurrence of the working surface was passively reconstructed using CT inversion. The inversion process divided the inversion intervals into 6 groups，and each group was further divided into 5 different depth layers for slicing. The height interval was set at -600 m to -580 m，with an interval of 5 m，so as to deeply analyze the distribution of impact risk in the coal seam and the roof and floor. The research results revealed the short-term evolution pattern of the impact risk during the mining of the irregular working sur⁃ face with a knife handle shape，provides a strong basis for the prediction and prevention of coal mine im⁃ pact-induced pressure disasters，effectively ensures the safety of coal mine production.
    Research on the Movement Mechanism of Modified Tailings Particles and Rock Composite Cover Layer in the Transition from Open-pit to Underground
    DU Yingnan CHEN Liyuan LI Shenghui CHENG Zhongping HUANG Chenlong MA Jiaoyang CHEN Chao
    2026, 42(06):  37-43. 
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    To explore the movement mechanism of the composite cover layer composed of tailings par⁃ ticle layers in the open-pit to underground transition area and the rock cover layer during its downward movement，based on the structural parameters of the underground mining area in the templegou open-pit�to-underground mine and the composition structure of the composite cover layer，using the same reference model and iterative calculation method of PFC2D numerical simulation experiment，a full-height mining test scheme was designed. The test results show that the deceleration effect of the surrounding rock on the composite cover layer is related to the particle depth and the distance between the particles and the sur⁃ rounding rock. The bigger the particle depth and the greater the distance between the particle and the sur⁃ rounding rock，the weaker the deceleration effect. The influence area of the mining ellipsoid on the com⁃ posite cover layer is approximately an ellipsoid，with the long axis being the maximum acceleration area of 20~40 m. The acceleration effect decreases rapidly in the vertical path direction and towards both sides. During the mining process，the retention amount of the ore particles first decreases and then increases， and it is not a stable increase. The large retention of the ore mainly occurs in the deceleration area near the surrounding rock after the fifth section of the mining. The difference between the amount of cover layer re⁃ lease and the retention amount of the ore is small. The additional thickness required for the cover layer to meet the demand is approximately 10 m. The release of the ore has a significant effect on the movement of the underlying rock in the composite cover layer，causing the overall deformation of the modified tailings particles in the upper part to be relatively large. The thickness of the cover layer changes slightly，but due to the depression at the upper edge of the composite cover layer，from the perspective of preventing water disasters，it is recommended to supplement the modified tailings particles to the middle area. The research conclusion provides data support and theoretical basis for the technical realization of using modified tail⁃ ings particles as the cover layer.
    Research on Combined Determination Method of Development Height of the Collapse Zone and Water-conducting Fracture Zone in Daliangwan Coal Mine
    LI Wei HUANG Hao
    2026, 42(06):  44-51. 
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    In the water prevention and control work of coal mines，the development of thecollapse zone and water-conducting fracture zonecan seriously threaten the production safety of the coal mine and cause significant economic losses. To determine the development height of the overlying rock collapse zone and water-conducting fracture zone of the 3# coal seam in the 30103 working face of Daliangwan Coal Mine，various methods such as on-site measurement (including leakage volume of flushing fluid，water level changes，television observation of boreholes，water pressure test，core geological recording and geo⁃ physical logging)，similar material simulation experiments and FLAC3D numerical simulation were adopted to comprehensively analyze the development height and evolution pattern of the collapse zone and water�conducting fracture zone. The results show that after the coal mining operation，the upper overlying rock will develop a higher water-conducting fracture zone，and multiple on-site measurement parameters will exhibit sudden change effects. The flushing fluid will suddenly leak，the water level will drop sharply，the permeability coefficient and permeability will increase，etc. Based on the sudden change characteristics， the development height of the water-conducting fracture zone is determined to be 109.4~161 m，and the development height of the collapse zone is 20.54~55.4 m. With the advancement of the coal mining face，the water-conducting fracture zone will expand significantly. Through similar material simulation experi⁃ ments and numerical simulation，it was found that at the 280 m and 288 m excavation points，the water�conducting fracture zone will expand to 148 m and 145.2 m，respectively. Through the combined analysis of multiple methods，the development height of the water-conducting fracture zone of the 3# coal seam in the 30103 working face of Daliangwan Coal Mine is determined to be 145.2~161 m (average value 150.2 m)， and the fracture-mining ratio is 25.03. The research results will provide an important reference for deter⁃ mining the development height of the "two zones" in future coal mine production.
    Research on Failure Mechanism of Deep Soft Rock Roadway and Application of Anchor Grouting-Grouting Reinforcement Technology
    YAO Bingao GE Xinyu HAN Xiaobing JIAO Huazhe CHEN Fengbin HUANG Tiantian WU Yuhang YANG Yongze
    2026, 42(06):  52-59. 
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    The support of deep soft rock roadways is a key challenge for the safety and sustainable de⁃ velopment of mines. In response to the problems of support failure and continuous deformation and instabili⁃ ty of the surrounding rock in deep high-pressure and strongly-viscoelastic soft rock roadways，a self-de⁃ veloped new high-performance grouting material and an innovative "anchor grouting-grouting" integrated reinforcement technology were proposed and applied. This scheme improved the traditional separation of an⁃ choring and grouting support methods，achieving dual functions of active support and grouting channels through anchor rods (cables)，and utilized the excellent permeability，early strength，and toughness of the new material for deep fissure filling and surrounding rock modification. Taking the coal conveyor blind shaft of a mine in Qinyuan，Shanxi Province as the engineering background，comprehensive methods such as drilling observation，loosening zone testing，rock mechanics experiments，and RMR evaluation were ad⁃ opted to analyze the deformation and failure mode，mechanism of the roadways，and the deficiencies of the original support. Numerical simulation was used to optimize the support parameters，and on-site tests were conducted for verification. The results show that the new grouting material has excellent mechanical proper⁃ties，and the optimized "anchor grouting-grouting" support scheme can significantly control the deforma⁃ tion of the surrounding rock. During the monitoring period，the maximum displacement of the roof and floor of the roadways was 103 mm，and the maximum displacement of the two sides was 171 mm. The test re⁃ sults indicate that the application of grouting anchor cables has significantly improved the bearing capacity of the surrounding rock of the roadways，reduced the deformation of the surrounding rock，and reliably en⁃ sured the long-term stability which provides an effective technical approach and theoretical reference for solving the stability problems of deep soft rock roadways.
    Research and Application of Ultra-high Pressure Combined Fracturing and Slotting Enhancement Technology for Soft and Strongly Adsorptive Coal Seams
    ZHANG Feng,
    2026, 42(06):  60-64. 
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    To solve the problem of efficient gas extraction from the soft and strongly adsorptive 2-1 coal seam of Zhaojiazhai Coal Mine in the western part of Henan Province，a combined fracturing and slot⁃ ting enhancement technology was proposed. This technology combines the technical advantages of hydrau⁃ lic fracturing and hydraulic slotting，conducting large-scale fracturing in the coal seam to open micro�cracks，and then using high-pressure water jetting to cut slots，achieving precise pressure relief and crack expansion，strengthening the macro and micro channels for gas flow，and improving the mechanical prop⁃ erties of the coal. A combined racturing and slotting enhancement test was conducted in the 14 mining area of the mine. The combined fracturing and slotting enhancement technology significantly improved the per⁃ meability of the coal seam，and the permeability coefficient increased to 25.5 times that of the original coal seam. This combined technology was applied to the 14201 working face. After 98 d of extraction，the gas content of the coal seam in the experimental area decreased from 8.62 m³/t to 5.35 m³/t. Compared with traditional technologies，the engineering volume was reduced by 33%，and the time for achieving extrac⁃ tion standards was saved by 39%，achieving efficient gas extraction from the coal seam. This technology provides a reliable path for the safe and efficient mining of soft and strongly adsorptive coal seams.
    Research and Application of Safe and Efficient Mining Technology for Thin Coal Seam under Large-difference Faults
    LU Xin MAO Huaikun WANG Wei YANG Long ZHAO Qian LI Guosheng ZHANG Hui
    2026, 42(06):  65-70. 
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    To address constraints imposed on coal mining due to large-difference fault structures， based on the intelligent fully-mechanized mining face of 2618 thin coal seam in Xinwen Mining Area as the engineering background，a deep-hole pre-split blasting fault treatment technology system was pro⁃ posed. The 2618 working face was selected as the demonstration project for thin coal seam intelligent appli⁃ cation，as its geological conditions were relatively complex and the fault drop difference reached 5 meters. The traditional relocation and skipping mining method had problems such as frequent process transitions and low coal resource recovery rate. Through systematic research on the blasting hole charge structure，un⁃ coupled charge technology and sealing parameter optimization，a "pre-split cracking - energy guidance - block size control" three-in-one technical solution was constructed. Field tests showed that this technology reduced the blasting rock particle size distribution coefficient to below 1.2，increased the development den⁃ sity of the fracture zone by 45%，effectively reducing the cutting load of the coal mining machine; and the equipment passage rate during passing through the fault increased by 60%，the daily coal recovery in⁃ creased by 10 t，and the problem of triangular coal retention caused by traditional processes was avoided. The research results provided key technical support for the intelligent mining of thin coal seams under com⁃ plex geological conditions，and the blasting parameter design method and process coordination control mode had industry promotion value.
    Research and Application of Medium-length Hole Blasting Parameters Optimization in Steeply Inclined Thin Ore Vein of Jinchanggouliang Gold Mine
    WANG Ruijun XIANG Zhuozhi ZHANG Jianhua XIANG Peng LI Shoubo SONG Weidong ZHANG Wenqi
    2026, 42(06):  71-77. 
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    Based on the engineering research background of No.56 steeply inclined thin ore vein in Jinchanggouliang Gold Mine，the optimization of medium-deep hole blasting parameters is carried out by using LS-DYNA numerical simulation and field industrial test. According to the actual engineering condi⁃ tions of the mine，the numerical model of ore body blasting is constructed，and the material constitutive and state equation parameters of rock emulsion explosive，air and ore rock are set. The simulation and opti⁃ mization of hole spacing，row spacing and single initiation row number are completed step by step. The re⁃ sults show that when the blasting parameters of hole spacing of 1.6 m，row spacing of 1.0 m and three rows of one-time blasting are adopted，the energy distribution of explosives is uniform，the effective stress distri⁃ bution around the blasthole is reasonable，and there is no excessive crushing or large block phenomenon. The effective caving of ore body can be realized，and the overall blasting effect is good. Based on the numer⁃ ical simulation results，the industrial test is carried out. The parameter scheme of hole diameter 60 mm， hole depth 7.4 m，hole spacing 1.6 m，row spacing 1.0 m and one blasting three rows is adopted. The sur⁃ rounding rock is stable and the ore block is suitable after on-site blasting. The three-dimensional laser scanning calculation showed that the ore loss rate in the goaf is only 2.04%，the dilution rate is 27.29%，and the comprehensive blasting effect is good. The blasting parameters determined in this study are suit⁃ able for the mining demand of steeply inclined thin oreveins in Jinchanggouliang Gold Mine，and also pro⁃ vide theoretical reference and technical reference for the medium-deep hole blasting mining of similarore veins.
    Directional Curtain Grouting Technology for Water Control in Dolomite Strata of Auxiliary Shaft of Chambishi Copper Mine
    QIN Shuai ZHANG Pengfei HUANG Xiaohui
    2026, 42(06):  78-82. 
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    Aiming at the engineering problems of large water inflow，severe equipment corrosion and poor surrounding rock stability in the auxiliary shaft of the southeast ore body of Chambishi Copper Mine in Zambia，this paper carries out research on curtain grouting treatment technology to eliminate water hazard hidden dangers caused by developed dolomite fractures and confined water recharge of multiple aquifers. A nearly rectangular grouting curtain was arranged within the range of 2~30 m around the shaft，with a total of 38 grouting holes constructed. The YST-48RMWHY wireless directional drilling system was adopted to accurately control the borehole trajectory with a trajectory deviation of ± 0.3 m. Combined with the three�stage borehole structure and the segmented downward grouting process，a dynamic grouting control scheme with variable pressure and variable concentration was formulated. Composite grouting materials composed of P.O 42.5 cement，water glass，sawdust and graded aggregate were selected for sealing and reinforce⁃ ment. The engineering practice shows that after treatment，the shaft water inflow decreases to 29 m3 /h with a reduction rate of 79%，the equipment corrosion rate is reduced by more than 80%，and the equipment maintenance cycle is extended from monthly to quarterly. The detected average thickness of the grouting curtain is 12.5 m，the water permeability is 0.08 Lu，and the slurry filling rate reaches 89%. The water lev⁃ els of the second and third aquifers drop by 15.6 m and 12.3 m respectively，which effectively cuts off the hydraulic connection between aquifers. The complete set of curtain grouting technology has reliable treat⁃ ment effect，which can effectively dispose water inrush disasters in deep high-confined aquifers and im⁃prove the working environment of the shaft. It can provide technical reference and engineering demonstra⁃ tion for water prevention and control projects in mines with similar complex hydrogeological conditions.
    Research on Numerical Simulation of Overlying Strata Structure Characteristics and Engineering Application of Top-cutting and Roadway Excavation in Thick Coal Seams
    WANG Hui WANG Yajun
    2026, 42(06):  83-90，97. 
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    To explore the impact of top-cutting and roadway excavation technology in thick coal seams on the stability of the overlying strata，and to address the problems caused by the use of wide coal pillars in traditional mining methods，such as resource waste，stress concentration，and high support costs，the study was based on the 3105 thick coal seam working face of the Huoerxinhe Coal Mine as the engineering background. Using the FLAC3D numerical simulation software，a 3D model considering the ac⁃ tual geological conditions was constructed. The movement laws of the overlying strata in the mined-out ar⁃ ea，the subsidence amount of the roof，and the stress distribution characteristics of the surrounding rock under two working conditions (cutting the top and not cutting the top) were compared and analyzed. The re⁃ search results show that after implementing the top-cutting，the subsidence amount of the roof on the side of the roadway increased significantly by 101.28%，reaching 3.14 m. This effectively promoted the roof col⁃ lapse and utilized the fragmented coal and rock to fill the mined-out area. At the same time，the peak val⁃ ues of the advance support pressure and lateral support pressure，as well as their influence ranges，were significantly reduced. The vertical stress at the solid coal support of the roadway decreased from 23.18 MPa to 9.72 MPa，and the peak value of the shear stress decreased to 21.72%. This significantly improved the stress concentration state of the surrounding rock of the roadway. Based on the simulation results，specific cutting parameters (including cutting seam depth，angle，and explosive structure) for this thick coal seam and the corresponding constant resistance large deformation anchor cable and temporary support scheme were proposed and successfully applied in the field. The on-site monitoring data showed that the retention effect was good，the roadway cross-section was flat，the support working resistance remained at a low level (5.9 MPa)，and fully verified the effectiveness of this technology in controlling the deformation of the sur⁃ rounding rock and ensuring the stability of the retained roadway in thick coal seams by actively reducing pressure.
    Numerical Simulation Research on Floor Damage Laws of Close-range Multi-coal-layer Mining in Yanzhou Mining Area
    ZHONG Chongwu JI Guanjun CHENG Yuxiao HAO Guowei LI Jing CHENG Wenju YIN Huiyong
    2026, 42(06):  91-97. 
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    In order to accurately predict the depth of floor damage caused by coal mining and effec⁃ tively prevent mine floor water disasters，ensuring the safety of coal mining production. Under the condi⁃ tion of close-range multi-coal-layer mining，in response to the key issue of floor damage depth prediction in the Nantun Coal Mine of Yanzhou mining area，based on a large number of engineering statistical laws and empirical formulas，the floor damage depth of the coal seam was calculated. Through the FLAC3D nu⁃ merical simulation software，a 3D geological mechanics model was established to systematically simulate the multi-coal-layer mining process of the working face，and to deeply analyze the stress evolution，plas⁃ tic zone distribution and damage depth change laws of the floor rock layer under mining disturbance. The re⁃ sults show that the empirical formula depth of the floor damage zone in the 11501 working face is 18.56 m and 26.52 m respectively. The numerical simulation shows that the floor damage depth increases with the advancement distance，the top and bottom plate stress increases，and stress concentration zones are formed at both ends of the mined area. When advancing 350 m，the damage depth reaches the maximum value (about 20 m)，and then stabilizes but expands the range; when advancing 100 m，the damage range decreases with depth，and the maximum depth is about 20 m. The empirical formula and numerical simula⁃ tion mutually verify each other，and both can effectively predict the floor damage depth，providing a reli⁃ able basis for the prevention of floor water disasters. This research provides important technical references for safe mining in similar geological conditions.
    Research and Application on the Blasting Vibration Law and Zone Control of Explosive Quantity of Heshangqiao Iron Mine
    CHEN Nengge REN Dezhi ZHU Lei
    2026, 42(06):  98-101，108. 
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    To analyze the impact of Heshangqiao Iron Mine on the surrounding environment，avoid the hazards caused by daily production to the surrounding houses and buildings within the mine area，and reduce the harmful effects of blasting vibrations. For several quarters，vibration velocity of blasting parti⁃ cles was monitored at Heshangqiao Iron Mine，and the monitoring data were analyzed using the linear re⁃ gression analysis method. The formula for the attenuation law of blasting vibrations of Heshangqiao Iron Mine was summarized and can be used for safety verification in the design stage of mine blasting，which has certain reference significance. Finally，based on the relationship between industrial buildings in the mine area and the distance from the blasting center，combined with the daily production blasting parame⁃ ters of the mine and the safety allowable vibration speed of industrial buildings stipulated in the regula⁃ tions，the allowable amount of explosives for different distances was calculated inversely，achieving the control of blasting charges in different areas of the blasting zone. This is of significant theoretical guiding significance and remarkable practical application value for the essential safety level of the mine's blasting operations，preventing damage to adjacent buildings and structures，reducing civil disputes caused by blasting vibrations，and ensuring the continuity and sustainability of production.
    Stability Research and Plans Optimization for Top and Bottom Pillar Residual Ore Resources Mining
    PANG Yijie LIANG Yongsheng ZHANG Xianze YANG Dehua LIAO Dunxia, LIANG Juli, LYU Hao,
    2026, 42(06):  102-108. 
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    In the past，the Liwu Copper Mine adopted the shallow-hole room-and-pillar mining method，leaving many top and bottom pillars to support the roof and surrounding rock. Due to the long peri⁃ od of storage，the recovery was difficult and the safety risks were high. To solve this problem，a study on the selection of mining plans and stability analysis was conducted for the high-value top and bottom pillar residual ore resources of the Liwu Copper Mine. Three mining plans suitable for the top and bottom pillar resources of the Liwu Copper Mine were proposed，and the mining process was elaborated and the advan⁃ tages and disadvantages were compared. Plan 1 is a mechanized pre-cutting of middle-depth holes in the top and bottom pillar backfilling mining plan. Plan 2 is a reserved casing route type cemented filling min⁃ ing plan（the lower middle section void area is not filled）. Plan 3 is a reserved casing route type cemented filling plan（the lower middle section void area has been filled）. The results show that Plan 1 has high min⁃ ing efficiency，but the workers are directly exposed to the void area during operation，resulting in high safety risks. Plan 2 requires certain bottom pillars to be reserved as casings to prevent the void area from being penetrated，which has certain safety risks. Plan 3 does not reserve casings at the lower part，and safe mining of the top and bottom pillars can only be carried out under the premise of ensuring the quality of the filling body. Based on this，a stability comparison analysis of the safe mining of top and bottom pillar resources was conducted，and it was concluded that in the case of not filling the lower middle section，the thickness of the casing should be guaranteed，and the void area casing should not be penetrated. In the case of filling the lower middle section，special attention should be paid to the development of joint fis⁃ sures and fractures in the top and bottom pillar void area and the casing.
    Research on the Release and Treatment of Pollutants in Phosphorus Tailings Filling
    LI Minglei CHEN Hui YE Yuhang
    2026, 42(06):  109-113. 
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    Taking phosphate tailings as the research object, simulating the scenario of tailings filling goaf, carrying out pollutant release test and prevention test, discussing the change rule of pollutant concen⁃ tration in wastewater with time and the removal effect of different agents on total phosphorus. The results showed that except for total phosphorus, the concentration of other pollutants decreased with the increase of leaching time. In the HJ 557 oscillation leaching test, only the total phosphorus concentration exceeded the standard, which was 15.53 mg/L. Based on this, it was determined that the phosphate tailings were Class II general industrial solid waste. Lime and coagulant can effectively remove total phosphorus in wastewater. The total phosphorus content in the leaching water can be reduced to less than 0.1 mg/L by adding 0.04 % lime for stirring for 10 min and then filtering, and then adding 0.006 7% polyferric sulfate, which can meet the first-level emission standard of GB 8978—1996. The cost of wastewater treatment agent per ton is 0.231 RMB. The research results can provide reference for the wastewater treatment produced in the filling process of phosphate tailings.
    Experimental Study on Optimization of Pumping Plasticizer Content of High Concentration Ultra-fine Tailings Paste
    HU Mingxu CHEN Hantao SUN Yong LI Bohan
    2026, 42(06):  114-117，122. 
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    Due to the fine particles and large specific surface area，the high concentration ultra-fine tailings paste generally has problems such as high viscosity，poor fluidity and difficult pumping. In order to improve its pipeline transportation performance，the ultra-fine tailings of Fankou Lead-Zinc Mine were used as raw materials，and conch cement and new rock-solid materials were used as cementitious materi⁃ als. The yield stress of paste with different plasticizer contents was tested by RST-SST paddle rheometer system. The results show that the effect of plasticizer on yield stress is significantly dependent on the type of cementitious material. In the solid rock system，the yield stress continues to decrease with the increase of the content，and there is no risk of over-doping；in the conch cement system，the yield stress decreases to the lowest when the dosage is 1.5‰，and increases to 2‰ after the yield stress increases，and there is an obvious optimal dosage window. Based on this，the suggestion of differential ratio is put forward. The recommended dosage of plasticizer in the solid rock system is 2‰，and the conch system should be con⁃ trolled at 1.5‰. The research results can provide accurate and economical admixture application scheme for high concentration ultrafine tailings filling project.
    Study on the Performance of Multicomponent Solid Waste Cemented Backfill Materials Based on Fluorogypsum
    CHEN Feng WENG Rengui LI Zhewen LIU Xinzhong
    2026, 42(06):  118-122. 
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    Aiming at the problems of low resource utilization rate of fluorogypsum，high cost and large carbon emission of mine filling materials，the ratio optimization of cemented filling materials pre⁃ pared by multi-source solid waste was studied with fluorogypsum，steel slag，fly ash and gold tailings as raw materials. The three-factor and three-level orthogonal test was used to test the compressive strength， slump，expansion and bleeding rate. The optimal ratio was determined by range analysis and variance analysis，and the better samples were characterized by XRD and SEM. The results show that the compres⁃ sive strength of each group of samples increases with the increase of age. The mass ratio of fluorgypsum to steel slag has the greatest influence on the strength，and the slurry concentration is the key factor affect⁃ ing the working performance and stability. The optimum ratio is that the mass ratio of fluorine gypsum to steel slag is 1∶1，the content of fly ash is 15%，and the slurry concentration is 80%. The corresponding compressive strength of 3，7 and 28 d is 0.92，2.64 and 5.56 MPa，respectively. The slump is 20.4 cm， the expansion is 44.6 cm，and the bleeding rate is 1.46%. Microscopic analysis showed that hydration products such as AFt and C—S—H gel were formed in the sample with better ratio，and the structure was dense. It is feasible to prepare cemented filling materials with multi-source solid waste，which can pro⁃ vide reference for the high-value utilization of fluorgypsum and the development of green mine filling mate⁃ rials.
    Experimental Research on Mineral Processing of Refractory Iron Ore in Gaocun
    CHANG Jun XING Juan ZHAO Jun JIANG Fengxiang
    2026, 42(06):  123-126，131. 
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    With the decline of mining face in Gaocun stope, a large number of refractory ores ap⁃ peared in the mined ores. The content of TFe in the ore is 21.73%. Iron mainly exists in the form of magnet⁃ ic iron，with a content of 17.90%，a distribution rate of 83.14%，and a main impurity SiO2 content of 31.77%. In order to study the adaptability of refractory ore dressing to the process flow of Aoshan concen⁃ trator，the beneficiation test was carried out. The results show that : ①Gaocun refractory ore is crushed to- 3 mm. Under the condition of magnetic field intensity of 320 kA/m，the tailings with yield of 15.60% and iron grade of 5.80% can be thrown by wet preconcentration，and the grade of rough concentrate can be in⁃ creased to 24.63%，which is increased by 2.94 percentage points. ②Under the condition that the grinding fineness of the first stage is -0.076 mm accounting for 45%，the magnetic field intensity of the first stage magnetic separation is 159 kA/m，the grinding fineness of the second stage is -0.076 mm accounting for 75%，the magnetic field intensity of the second stage magnetic separation is 159 kA/m，the grinding fine⁃ ness of the third stage is -0.043 mm accounting for 95%，and the magnetic field intensity of the third stage magnetic separation is 159 kA/m and 143 kA/m respectively，the iron concentrate with a yield of 26.28%， an iron grade of 64.41% and an iron recovery of 77.83% can be obtained. The test results can provide tech⁃ nical support for the subsequent production of the plant.
    Experimental Study on Optimization of Grinding and Flotation Process for a Fine-grained Porphyry Molybdenum Ore
    WU Chunju
    2026, 42(06):  127-131. 
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    In order to explore the efficient crushing and grinding separation technology suitable for fine-grained disseminated porphyry molybdenum ore，and solve the problems of high energy consumption， easy over-grinding and mudding of minerals，and poor dissociation effect of molybdenite in the traditional three-stage crushing-ball milling process，a fine-grained disseminated porphyry molybdenum ore was tak⁃ en as the object，and a comparative test of semi-autogenous grinding-stone crushing-ball milling com⁃ bined grinding process and traditional process was carried out，and the flotation reagent system and coarse concentrate regrinding parameters were systematically optimized. The study of process mineralogy shows that the molybdenum grade of the ore is 0.348%，the grain size of molybdenite is fine，and the gangue is dominated by feldspar minerals which are easy to mud，and the grindability is poor. Through single factor condition test and closed-circuit verification test，the optimum process parameters were determined: semi�autogenous grinding slurry concentration 75%，regrinding fineness of crude concentrate -0.038 mm 90%， emulsified kerosene as collector and sodium hexametaphosphate as slime dispersant. The closed-circuit test finally obtained an excellent index of molybdenum concentrate grade of 52.84% and molybdenum re⁃ covery of 94.60%. Compared with the traditional three-stage crushing-ball milling process，the compre⁃ hensive energy consumption of the combined process decreased from 28.5 kW· h/t to 23.2 kW· h/t，the yield of fine slime decreased from 22.5% to 10.2%，and the unit consumption of flotation reagents de⁃ creased by 21%. The process effectively balances the contradiction between mineral dissociation and over�grinding slime，and realizes the collaborative optimization of grinding and flotation operations，which can provide technical reference for the industrial production of the same type of low-grade fine-grained dissem⁃ inated molybdenum ore.
    Experimental Study on Comprehensive Recovery of Low-grade Molybdenum from the Gravity Tailings of a Tungsten Mine in Jiangxi
    YANG Meiqing, ZHOU Hepeng TANG Xuekun HU Jinping TONG Yanlong
    2026, 42(06):  132-136，140. 
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    In order to solve the problem of comprehensive recovery of low-grade molybdenum re⁃ sources in gravity tailings of a tungsten ore dressing plant in Fujian，a systematic laboratory and field bene⁃ ficiation test was carried out. The molybdenum grade of gravity separation tailings is very low (about 0.02%)，and the molybdenum mineral particle size is fine after grinding and classification，so it is difficult to recover. The experimental results of laboratory mechanical stirring flotation machine conditions show that the flotation index is better by using the combined collector of black powder + kerosene. The field produc⁃ tion test was changed to flotation column test. The results showed that the combined process of flotation col⁃ umn roughing-preconcentration and discarding tailings-concentrator concentration-flotation machine multi-stage concentration could make full use of the advantages of flotation column microbubble collection to realize the high-efficiency roughing of micro-fine molybdenum. A large amount of slime and water were removed by preconcentration，and then the concentration of concentrate feed was increased by concentra⁃ tion，which effectively broke through the technical bottleneck that the concentrate grade was difficult to im⁃ prove at low concentration. The closed-circuit test obtained an excellent index of molybdenum concentrate grade of 31.46% and comprehensive recovery of 74.44%. Economic analysis shows that the annual output value of the process is about 18.88 million yuan，the annual pharmaceutical cost is 2.58 million yuan，and the annual economic benefit is 16.299 1 million yuan. The process has successfully realized the efficient and economic recovery of low-grade fine-grained molybdenum resources，significantly improved the comprehen⁃sive utilization level of associated molybdenum in mines，and has important reference value for the recycling of similar tailings.
    Experimental Study on Beneficiation of a Low-grade Chromite Ore in South Africa
    LU Hao, LYU Tingjiao WANG Qian, WANG Zhaolian, PENG Shaowei, LIU Fengliang,
    2026, 42(06):  137-140. 
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    A systematic exploration of beneficiation process was carried out for a low-grade chromite ore in South Africa. The grade of Cr2O3 in the raw ore is 23.78%. The main metal mineral is chromite，and the main gangue minerals are olivine，plagioclase and quartz. The content of SiO2 is 22.37%. The test ad⁃ opted the combined process of crushing-classification-X-ray intelligent separation-dry high intensity mag⁃ netic separation-grinding-vertical ring roughing-plate cleaning. The specific process is as follows: the raw ore is crushed to -60 mm and then graded by 10 mm; the 60~10 mm grade is pre-selected and discarded by X-ray intelligent separator; the pre-selected concentrate is mixed with -10 mm grade and then milled to - 3 mm by high pressure grinding roller，and then subjected to one roughing and one scavenging dry magnetic separation by CFLJ magnetic separator. The obtained mixed concentrate of roughing and scaveng⁃ ing was ground to -0.15 mm，and then subjected to roughing by vertical ring high gradient magnetic sepa⁃ rator and cleaning by flat magnetic separator. Cr2O3 grade of 46.12% and recovery of 72.78% of qualified chromium concentrate products were obtained by the whole process test. The process effectively solves the problems of low-grade chromite and gangue minerals being closely embedded and difficult to monomer dis⁃ sociation，and significantly improves the concentrate grade and recovery rate. The research results provide a technical basis for the efficient development and utilization of low-grade chromite resources in South Afri⁃ ca，and can adjust the parameters such as discarding rate and grinding fineness according to the ore char⁃ acteristics of different mining areas，which has good industrial application prospects and promotion value.
    Experimental Study on Mineral Processing of a Gold Ore in Northern Laos
    CHEN Jingyu KANG Weigang YI Haojiang
    2026, 42(06):  141-144. 
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    The gold grade of an altered rock type gold ore in northern Laos is 4.51 g/t，64.11% of the gold exists in the form of bare-semi-exposed gold，and the rest exists in the form of wrapped gold. Based on the process mineralogical properties，single gravity separation，single flotation，single cyanidation， gravity separation-flotation，gravity separation-cyanidation and other processes were conducted. The re⁃ sults show that the technical indexes obtained by the gravity separation-flotation combined process are the best. A gravity separation gold concentrate with gold grade of 134.00 g/t and recovery of 49.92% and a flota⁃ tion gold concentrate with gold grade of 48.72 g/t and recovery of 43.90% were obtained by adopting the combined process of shaking table gravity separation-one roughing-two cleaning-two scavenging flotation. The combined process realizes the enrichment and recovery of gold，which provides a technical basis for the efficient utilization of ore.
    Development and Application of High Efficiency Energy Saving Grinding Process in Masteel Mine
    WANG Ronglin¹ LU Hu² WANG Huan² SHEN Bin¹ JI Fang² WANG Yani
    2026, 42(06):  145-153. 
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    Aiming at the problems of low efficiency and high energy consumption in the conventional crushing and grinding process of low-grade，difficult-to-grind and difficult-to-separate iron ore，a high�efficiency and energy-saving crushing and grinding process with high pressure roller grinding as the core was developed by taking several concentrators of Masteel Mining as the research objects. A new crushing and grinding process of crushing-high pressure roller grinding-ball mill was formed by using high pres⁃ sure roller grinding as ultra-fine crushing equipment and combining dry and wet pre-selection tail discard⁃ ing technology，and two-stage series high pressure roller grinding and tower mill process tests were fur⁃ ther carried out. The results show that the high pressure roller grinding-preconcentration process can re⁃ duce the particle size from 18~0 mm to 3~0 mm，and the series roller mill test can reduce the particle size to -0.5 mm，and the content of -0.074 mm is more than 41%. The tower grinding process can reduce the power consumption by 35%，the ball consumption by 40%，and the concentrate grade by more than 65%. This process has achieved the goal of more crushing and less grinding，early throwing，significantly reduced the production cost of crushing and grinding，and improved the development ability of low-grade magnetite. The high pressure roller grinding series and tower mill process is an important development di⁃ rection to further save energy and reduce consumption and simplify the process. It has typical demonstra⁃ tion and promotion value in metallurgical mines.
    Application of Geophysical Exploration Methods in the Exploration of Soil Landslides in Open-pit Mining Areas
    WANG Le LI Dongdong
    2026, 42(06):  154-157，171. 
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    Regarding the problem of slope stability of open-pit mining areas that restricts the safety of mining operations, a typical soil landslide in a certain mine in Tongling area was selected as the research object. Multi-electrode resistirity method was adopted for systematic exploration. By setting up multiple measurement lines across different parts of the landslide body, high-resolution apparent resistivity data were obtained. Combined with the results of geological drilling and surface investigation, the 2D inversion resistivity profile was comprehensively interpreted. The results show that Multi-electrode resistirity method effectively reveals that the landslide body has a "relatively high resistivity - low resistivity - relatively high resistivity" three-layer electrical structure in the vertical direction, corresponding to the surface loose slid⁃ ing body, the middle saturated and weak zone (potential sliding zone), and the lower stable sliding bed. This method clearly depicts the spatial boundaries of the landslide body, the undulation morphology and burial depth characteristics of the sliding surface (zone), and identifies the local water-rich areas within the land⁃ slide body. Practical results demonstrate that the Multi-electrode resistirity method has significant advan⁃ tages in terms of speed, economy, non-invasiveness and high resolution in the exploration of soil landslides in open-pit mining areas, and can provide a basis for the analysis of the cause mechanism, stability evalua⁃ tion and prevention engineering design of such landslides.
    Research on Structural Planes Intelligent Identification and Stability of High-altitude Open-pit Mine Slopes in Xizang
    YAN Zihao WANG Chaopei HE Tao CONG Junlong LUO Xinghua DAI Bibo REN Xinhua
    2026, 42(06):  158-164，171. 
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    To address the stability issue of the rock slopes on the open-pit mining site in Xizang， the mining site slopes were divided into three structural face identification areas. Using UAV oblique pho⁃ tography and the SIFT algorithm，a 3D model was constructed. Combined with the independently devel⁃ oped RMV3D software，the high-precision identification of structural faces was achieved，and a complete slope stability evaluation technical system was constructed. The results show that by using the pole isoden⁃ sity map method and cluster analysis to identify the dominant structural faces，Area 1 and Area 3 have mainly nearly upright structural faces（295°∠87°，197°∠85°，accounting for approximately 70%），while Area 2 has two sets of structural faces（249°∠55° and 337°∠76°）. The oblique projection analysis indi⁃ cates that there is a local risk of slope failure in the step slopes，and Areas 2 and 3 may undergo wedge�shaped failure along the combined structural faces. Quantitative calculations show that under the condi⁃ tions of cohesion of 20 kPa and internal friction angle of 28°，the safety factors of Area 2 and Area 3 are 2.131 and 2.852 respectively，meeting the specification requirements. The research provides technical ref⁃ erences for the stability evaluation of slopes in high-altitude complex terrain.
    Research on Influence of CO₂ Fracturing on Pore of Coal Rock and Its Fractal Characteristics Based on the Combined Experiments of Mercury Porosimetry and Scanning Electron Microscopy
    PENG Xin
    2026, 42(06):  165-171. 
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    To investigate the effect of CO₂ fracturing on the pore structure of coal rock，mercury po⁃ rosimetry and scanning electron microscopy experiments were conducted，combined with thermodynamic fractal models and island fractal models. The modified effect of fracturing on pores and the evolution of fractal dimension were quantitatively analyzed. Based on the fractal intersection formula，the comprehen⁃ sive fractal dimension was calculated. The influence of weak heterogeneity and damage mode transforma⁃ tion on pores was explored. The results showed that after fracturing，the pore volume，average pore diame⁃ ter，and porosity all increased by 2~3 times compared to the original coal，and the specific surface area also increased simultaneously. The pore size distribution indicated that small，medium，and large pores （>10 nm）developed simultaneously，especially forming ink-bottle type pore structures in the range of 10~100 000 nm. The pore size distribution measured by scanning electron microscopy showed a significant increase in pore volume，equivalent circular diameter，and average pore area. The decrease in fractal di⁃ mension indicated that the pore surface became smoother and the heterogeneity weakened; the damage mode shifted from mixed failure（tensile-shear）to single shear dominance，and the permeability signifi⁃ cantly increased.
    Research and Application of Deep Ground Pressure Monitoring and Mining Chamber Support Optimization in Macheng Iron Mine
    WANG Xiaolong, LIU Wengang PAN Hongwei HAO Weipeng ZHANG Bo WEI Yu MA Yunpeng ZHANG Zhao
    2026, 42(06):  172-177，185. 
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    To address the problems of high ground stress and large-scale mining techniques in the deep mining of Macheng Iron Mine，as well as the frequent roof falls and roof collapses caused by frequent blasting-induced dynamic load disturbances，and to enhance the stability of large-span mining chambers and the adaptability of the support system，by combining on-site measurements and laboratory tests，a multi-level KJ21 online ground pressure monitoring system covering the upper and lower mining areas was constructed to continuously track the temporal and spatial evolution of the surrounding rock stress for 180 d. At the same time，rock triaxial compression tests under confining pressures of 5 to 25 MPa were conducted to test the strength and deformation characteristics of the dominant surrounding rocks (granite，iron ore). The results show that the deep rock mass of Macheng Iron Mine exhibits typical "high strength and brittle⁃ ness" failure characteristics，with the bearing capacity dropping sharply after reaching its peak，resulting in the easy failure of the self-bearing system. Under the combined effect of static void expansion and dy⁃ namic blasting/filling disturbances，the surrounding rock stress shows a dramatic evolution pattern of "slow increase - rapid increase-reaching the maximum-slow decrease"，which is the fundamental cause of the failure of traditional static support. Based on the research results，it is proposed that the support design should shift towards "active reinforcement and prevention of failure"，and a coordinated support optimiza⁃ tion scheme combining high pre-tension "anchor cables（ϕ21.8 mm，prestressed 250 kN）+ W steel belt" for the mining chamber and comprehensive anchor-net-spray reinforcement for the drilling chamber was implemented. Engineering practice has shown that the optimized scheme enables the mining chamber to re⁃ main stable with a significant increase in the effective span，while the stress growth rate of the boreholes decreases steadily，successfully solving the support problems in the field under high stress and strong dis⁃ turbance environments.
    Research and Application of Open-pit Coal Mine Excavator Training System Based on Simulation and Imitation
    CUI Junjian FU Ensan, CHENG Jia HAN Tieliang ZHNAG Chaoyang QIN Dongsong LIU Guangwei HU Kai
    2026, 42(06):  178-185. 
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    To address the issues of low training efficiency，high costs，inconvenience，and excessive carbon emissions from equipment in open-pit coal mines，a TIN (Terrain Information Network) was con⁃ structed for the production operation scenarios of open-pit coal mines，and a virtual simulation safety oper⁃ ation training system for open-pit coal mine excavators was developed. Using 3DS Max and Unity3D，the virtual 3D model of the open-pit coal mine was established and the environment was rendered. Meanwhile， a high-precision model of the excavator was created using MAYA to achieve the realistic reproduction of the open-pit coal mine excavator operation scenarios. Through analysis，the virtual interaction implementa⁃ tion method of the system was determined to develop the excavator driving simulation cabin and develop a data packet format for transmitting the operation data of the excavator driving simulation cabin. In an inno⁃ vative way，the virtual simulation scene interaction of the open-pit coal mine excavator equipment was re⁃ alized. Based on the program teaching theory，an excavator teaching and assessment system was estab⁃ lished. According to the excavator mining and loading operation procedures，the course design，excavator teaching，and assessment content were set，and the operators were evaluated and evaluated to improve their work efficiency and operational standardization. The results show that this system can realistically re⁃ produce the open-pit coal mine excavator operation scenarios using virtual reality technology. Through the excavator driving simulation cabin，the virtual excavator and the virtual operation scenarios interact in a deep way for open-pit coal mine excavator operation training in a highly safe environment，which can quickly complete the training of operators' work，improve their work efficiency，and achieve the goals of energy conservation and emission reduction. The research results provide a new approach for the training of open-pit coal mine excavators，and have certain significance for improving the safety management level of open-pit coal mines.
    Numerical Simulation Study on Dust Migration Law of Air Flow in 11503 Fully Mechanized Caving Face of Dishuiyan Coal Mine
    GUO Jin ZHANG Kaijia, ZHANG Kaiwen, ZHANG Hongzhen,
    2026, 42(06):  186-190，199. 
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    The multi-process synchronous operation of 11503 fully mechanized caving face in Dishui⁃ yan Coal Mine forms a multi-source coupling dust field，and the dust distribution is complex，and the problem of excessive concentration of respiratory zone is prominent. In order to explore the dust migration law under the airflow disturbance of the working face，this paper combines the actual working conditions of the working face，uses SolidWorks to construct a 1∶1 three-dimensional physical model，relies on the Re⁃ alizable k-ε turbulence model and the DPM discrete phase model，considers the gas-solid two-way cou⁃ pling effect，and completes the airflow-dust coupling numerical simulation of the working face through Flu⁃ ent software. Combined with the measured data of wind speed and dust concentration in the field，the aver⁃ age relative errors between the simulated and measured values of wind flow and dust are less than 8% and 10%，respectively，and the simulation accuracy is reliable. The results show that the wind speed at the out⁃ let of the intake airway，the inlet of the return airway and the disturbance area of the shearer increases sig⁃ nificantly，and the local maximum wind speed can reach 2.1 m/s. The air flow disturbance dominates the dust diffusion and aggregation. A high concentration dust accumulation area is formed in the range of 30 m on the downwind side of the shearer. The dust concentration of the 1.7 m breathing zone is 600~1 000 mg/m3 ， which far exceeded the national safety standard，and the risk of occupational exposure is high. Dust is af⁃ fected by airflow transport and gravity sedimentation，and the dust of the floor gradually settles down，but the sidewalk breathing zone continues to be in a state of high concentration pollution，which is the core ar⁃ ea of dust prevention and control. This study clarifies the mechanism of dust migration，accumulation and settlement under the condition of multi-dust source coupling in fully mechanized caving face，which can provide theoretical reference for ventilation optimization，precise dust reduction and dust control in similar mines.
    Formulation and Microstructural Characterization of Safe Environmental Coal-based Solid Waste Hole-Sealing Materials
    JIANG Haifeng CHEN Zhongyue SHAO Dongyan JIANG Mingwei,
    2026, 42(06):  191-199. 
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    A safe and environment coal-based solid waste hole-sealing material was prepared by us⁃ ing fly ash（FA）and slag（GGBS）as the main raw materials and adding DOPA modified polyacrylic acid （PAA）hydrogel. The mass ratio of FA to GGBS，sodium silicate modulus，water-cement ratio and DOPA modified PAA content were selected as independent variables，and the slurry viscosity and setting time were used as response values. The single factor effect and interaction analysis were carried out，and the quadratic polynomial regression model was established to optimize the comprehensive performance ratio. Scanning electron microscopy（SEM），Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR），thermogravimet⁃ ric analysis（TG）and mercury intrusion analysis（MIP）were used for microscopic characterization. The results show that the water-cement ratio has the most significant effect on the rheology and condensation process of the slurry，and the interaction between the content of DOPA modified PAA and the water-ce⁃ ment ratio significantly affects the viscosity and stability of the slurry. When the mass ratio of FA to GGBS is 3∶7，the modulus of sodium silicate is 0.9，the water-cement ratio is 0.8，and the content of DOPA modified PAA is 8%，the setting time of the slurry is 91.2 min，and the viscosity is 543.1 mPa·s. Micro⁃scopic analysis showed that the early formed DOPA and Ca2+ or Al3+ water gel constructed a three-dimen⁃ sional network，which regulated free water through water absorption and promoted the increase of slurry viscosity and condensation propulsion. In the middle and late stages，the hydrogel slow-releases Ca2+ and Al3+，reacts with the active silicon-aluminum component to form a new gel phase，and superimposes the interfacial bonding of the particles to densify the structure and maintain a high viscosity level.
    Heavy Metal Pollution Characteristic and Pollution Source Analysis of Soil in Mining Area Based on PCA
    HUANG Qian, SHAN Shifeng,
    2026, 42(06):  200-204，209. 
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    In order to explore the characteristics of heavy metal pollution in the soil of closed mining areas，analyze the sources of pollution，and distinguish the contribution rate of geological causes and hu⁃ man industrial and mining activities，the soil of a closed mining area in Tongling City，Anhui Province was taken as the research object，and the principal component analysis（PCA）was used to identify and ana⁃ lyze the sources of heavy metals. The results show that the cumulative variance interpretation rate of the three principal components extracted is 70.935%，and the factor combination of principal component 1 （40.863%）is Cu，Pb，Cd and Sb，which is highly consistent with the geological structure and is interpret⁃ ed as the source of geological genesis. The factor combination of principal component 2（15.565%）was As and Hg，which was related to the pollution of anti-corrosion enterprises in the area. The factor combination of principal component 3（14.417%）is Cu，Cd，Hg and Sb，which is related to the non-standard storage pollution of battery enterprises，copper products enterprises and early tailings in the area. The high geo⁃ chemical background has a high contribution rate in the accumulation of heavy metal pollution in the soil of the mining area，and it is recommended to pay full attention to the site control and remediation in the later stage.
    Physical and Chemical Characieristics and Soilization Potentiality of Titanium Gypsum Solid Waste
    XU Dandan
    2026, 42(06):  205-209. 
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    In order to explore the environmental safety and feasibility of titanium gypsum as a soil matrix material，the mineral phase composition of titanium gypsum was analyzed by X-ray diffraction，the particle size distribution characteristics were determined by laser particle size analyzer，and the key nutri⁃ ent indexes such as available phosphorus and available potassium were determined by chemical analysis method. The potential of titanium gypsum soilization was evaluated from two aspects of material composi⁃ tion and nutrient basis. The results show that the main mineral composition of titanium gypsum is calcium sulfate dihydrate，and contains a small amount of iron oxide and other impurity phases. Particle size analy⁃ sis shows that it is mainly composed of silt components，and its texture is between silty loam and silty clay loam，which has a good foundation for water and fertilizer conservation. The results of nutrient determina⁃ tion showed that the content of available phosphorus was at a high level，and the content of available potas⁃ sium was relatively low，showing obvious characteristics of high phosphorus and low potassium. Therefore， titanium gypsum has the potentiality to be used as soil modifier or soil matrix material for greening，which can achieve safe and effective soil utilization.
    Optimal Selection and Application of Second Step Pillar Mining Method Based on Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation
    ZHANG Guoquan, MEI Linfang CHEN Diyun
    2026, 42(06):  210-216，221. 
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    Aiming at the problems of stress concentration and significant ground pressure caused by the deterioration of the mining conditions of the second step pillar after the ore body is mined by the sublev⁃ el open stoping with subsequent filling mining method in an iron mine，this study carried out the optimal selection of the second step pillar mining scheme. Firstly，combined with the site engineering conditions and resource recovery requirements，three feasible mining schemes of sublevel open stoping with subse⁃ quent filling method，layered filling method and shallow hole shrinkage with subsequent filling method are proposed，and the technical and economic indexes of each scheme are determined. Then，the fuzzy com⁃ prehensive evaluation method is used to carry out the scheme optimization. Combined with the analytic hier⁃ archy process and Delphi expert scoring method，the weight distribution of each evaluation index is deter⁃ mined. The linear function method and binary comparison sorting method are used to calculate the fuzzy membership degree of quantitative and qualitative indexes respectively，and the membership degree matrix is constructed and the weighted average method is used to complete the comprehensive evaluation. The re⁃ sults show that the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation results of sublevel open stoping subsequent filling meth⁃ od，layered filling method and shallow hole shrinkage subsequent filling method are 0.487 6，0.452 5 and 0.419 3 respectively，and the evaluation value of sublevel open stoping subsequent filling method is the highest. The field application shows that this scheme can make full use of the original mining preparation project during the room mining，so that the integrity of the exposed filling body is good without collapse， and has good technical and economic indicators and safety. It provides a scientific and reliable decision�making basis for pillar mining under complex conditions，and has good engineering application value.
    Research on Floor Failure Depth of Coal Seam Filling Mining Based on Random Forest
    ZHANG Peng ZHANG Ning
    2026, 42(06):  217-221. 
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    With the depletion of shallow coal resources in the eastern part of North China，resource extraction is carried out to greater depths，the geological conditions faced by coal seam mining have be⁃ come increasingly complex. Filling mining technology has gradually been valued and applied to the mining of close-range coal seams or coal seams with complex geological conditions. To further study the influence of coal seam filling mining on the failure depth of the floor，this paper collected the measured data of the failure depth of the floor from 43 unfilled mining faces and 11 filled mining faces. Firstly，the Pearson cor⁃ relation between the influencing factors and the failure depth of the floor was analyzed. Subsequently，the random forest model was used to predict the failure depth of the coal seam in unfilled mining and filled mining，and to study the influencing factors，and the prediction results were compared with those of the empirical formula. The results of the research show that，compared with empirical formulas，the random forest model has higher prediction accuracy，and filling mining significantly reduces the depth of coal seam floor damage. The characteristic importance analysis of random forest shows that for the bottom plate failure depth of the unfilled mining face，the weights of the influencing factors are respectively the inclined length of the working face (0.52) > the coal seam mining depth (0.26) > the coal seam inclination angle (0.22). For the filling mining face，the weights are respectively the coal seam dip angle (0.54) > the coal seam mining depth (0.38) > the inclined length of the coal mining face (0.08).
    Research and Application of Ground-penetrating Radar in the Detection of Geological Anomalies in Lutian Coal Mine
    LEI Yinhu ZHAO Fuqi ZHU Kundong YI Baodong LI Ming FU Qinglin GUO Cheng CHEN Wenjun REN Chenglu
    2026, 42(06):  222-227，242. 
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    To address the safety production threats posed by coal seam spontaneous combustion， abandoned areas，and geological loose zones at Lutian Coal Mine，the effectiveness of ground-penetrating radar technology in accurately detecting such geological anomalies was proposed and verified. The study employed the imported Pulse EKKO PRO ground-penetrating radar，used a 50 MHz center frequency an⁃ tenna. Six total-length 1 393 m survey lines were set up in the south wing of the fourth mining area. Through systematic data collection，terrain correction，filtering and noise reduction，gain adjustment，and deep conversion processing procedures，high-resolution imaging and interpretation of underground struc⁃ tures were conducted. The research results showed that 20 geological anomaly points were successfully identified. Among them，7 points were determined to be cavities（with a burial depth of 17 to 46 m），and their radar profile characteristics were "strong amplitude clusters + signal interruption". The other 13 points were areas of loose or non-solidified strata（with a burial depth of 8 to 35 m），presenting disor⁃ dered reflection textures and slight amplitude fluctuations. The drilling verification results were highly con⁃sistent with the radar interpretation，confirming the reliability of this technology. The conclusion is that ground-penetrating radar，with its advantages of high signal-to-noise ratio，large detection depth（up to 60 m），high resolution（0.5 m），and high sensitivity，can effectively complement the shortcomings of tra⁃ ditional drilling，transient electromagnetic，etc. methods，providing an efficient and non-destructive tech⁃ nical means for the precise exploration of geological anomalies in open-pit coal mines，and has significant engineering application value for ensuring mine safety and improving mining efficiency.
    Process Optimization Study on the Dewatering of Fine Coal Slurry Based on High-Pressure Diaphragm Filter Press
    CHEN Bo
    2026, 42(06):  228-231. 
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    To enhance the dewatering rate of fine coal slurry，based on the application of the high�pressure diaphragm filter press，the design of an optimization method for the fine coal slurry dewatering process was carried out. Key operational parameters such as feed concentration，pressure ramp curve，dia⁃ phragm pressing pressure，and pressing duration based on the operational characteristics of high-pressure diaphragm filter presses were optimized. For the compacted cake-like filter cake formed after dewatering， a pre-treatment process integrating mechanical crushing，disintegration，and preliminary homogenization was designed. By reasonably selecting and optimizing the crushing equipment，working parameters，and conveying methods，the large filter cakes were transformed into loose and wet granular materials with basi⁃ cally uniform particle size. A "pressure filtration-crushing" collaborative dewatering process system was constructed. Through process connection optimization，waste heat utilization，and parameter matching， the deep dewatering goal was achieved. The practical results show that after the application of the design scheme，the moisture content of the filter cake is reduced to below 18%，while before the application of the optimized process，the moisture content of the filter cake was more than 22%. This indicates that the application of the optimized process can achieve good results.
    Modification and Application of Flotation Machine with 40 m3 Slurry Tank under High Concentration Flotation Condition
    FENG Bin QIAO Xiaoliang
    2026, 42(06):  232-236. 
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    In view of the problem that the flotation concentration increased from 32% to 38% ~ 42%，exceeding the design range of the original GF-40 flotation machine due to the increase of production and capacity expansion in a copper ore dressing plant，which leads to insufficient aeration of the equip⁃ ment，sink，efficiency decline and other problems，a systematic technical transformation was carried out. Based on the structural principle of XCF flotation machine，the optimization of core components such as spindle，impeller and stator and the construction of external aeration system were carried out for GF-40 flotation machine. After the transformation，the settling tank failure of the flotation machine was cured， and the operation stability was significantly improved. Under the premise of stable copper concentrate grade（>23%），the recovery rate increased slightly from 93.08% to 93.09%. The process transformation has also achieved the effect of reducing the cost of spare parts and reducing the labor intensity of workers， creating considerable economic benefits in the short term，and laying the equipment foundation for the sub⁃ sequent process optimization of the concentrator.
    Study on the Application of Wet Electrostatic Precipitators in Reducing Heavy Metals in Flue Gas from Rotary Kiln
    YANG Qingyang, JIA Mintao, ZHANG Hui, LI Xiaojian, ZHANG Zongfei
    2026, 42(06):  237-242. 
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    Addressing the issue of heavy metal pollution in flue gas generated during the treatment of metallurgical solid waste in rotary kilns，this study investigates the application of wet electrostatic precipi⁃ tation（WESP）technology for heavy metal emission reduction，using an enterprise that produces second⁃ ary zinc oxide from zinc-containing materials as a case study. Based on an analysis of flue gas characteris⁃ tics，a combined process of high-voltage electrostatic precipitation and spray dehumidification was select⁃ ed for treatment. The working principle，structural design，key component selection，and optimization of operating parameters for the wet electrostatic precipitator were elaborated. Practical application results show that under stable full-load conditions，after the flue gas is treated by the high-voltage electrostatic precipitation and spray dehumidification system，the average removal efficiency of particulate matter in the flue gas reaches 71.10%. Additionally，the system demonstrates a synergistic effect in reducing heavy met⁃ als such as lead，cadmium，mercury，and arsenic，with removal rates of 66.67%，91.82%，85.33%，and 82.69%，respectively. The removal rate for chromium is nearly 100%. The study indicates that wet electro⁃ static precipitation technology can effectively and synergistically reduce emissions of particulate matter and various heavy metals，providing a reliable technical reference for flue gas treatment and heavy metal pollu⁃ tion control in similar heavy metal-related enterprises.
    Research and Development of a Centralized Control Platform for Digital Sand and Gravel Aggregate Mines
    PAN Qi¹ QIN Yaguang¹ QI Feixiang¹ XIANG Yang
    2026, 42(06):  243-248，254. 
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    Focusing on the intelligent upgrading demands of green mines，this paper systematically investigates the technological framework for integrating sand and gravel aggregate mining industry with digi⁃ talization. Firstly，integrating the Industry 4.0 concept with digital technologies including cloud comput⁃ ing，the Internet of Things，big data and digital twins，a digitalization platform covering production man⁃ agement，quality control，and equipment maintenance is constructed，enabling real-time data collection and intelligent analysis across the entire process. Furthermore，through the deep integration of process con⁃ trol and information systems，a centralized management and control system is established，which encom⁃ passes intelligent management and control，3D visualization and predictive optimization. Finally，taking a green sandstone smart mine project as a case study，the practical effectiveness of the digital mine central⁃ ized management and control platform is validated in areas such as centralized control，online particle size monitoring，and predictive maintenance. This achieves closed-loop process optimization and full lifecycle equipment management，effectively improving product quality，equipment efficiency，and energy utiliza⁃ tion，thereby providing a feasible solution for the digital transformation of the industry.
    Application Research on Composite Ceramic Liner in Tower Mill
    WANG Zhennian
    2026, 42(06):  249-254. 
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    In the grinding operation of tower mill in complex refractory iron ore，the traditional high chromium cast iron liner has the problems of short service life，frequent maintenance and high operation cost. Taking Karara Mining Co.，Ltd. (KML) as the engineering background，in view of the poor service conditions of the tower mill and the prominent wear of the liner，the composite ceramic liner is innovatively introduced，and the bimetallic composite structure of outer high chromium alloy + inner zirconia ceramic is adopted. The targeted component subdivision design，core performance optimization and industrial applica⁃ tion continuous improvement are carried out. The industrial application shows that the average service life of the composite ceramic liner is extended from 2 850 h to 4 000 h，which is increased by more than 40 %. The equipment failure rate is reduced by 30%，and the average annual maintenance frequency is reduced from 2.51 times to 1.8 times. The annual procurement cost of 5 sets of tower mills is 738 thousand yuan， the maintenance cost is 1.785 million yuan，and the total annual cost is 2.523 million yuan. At the same time，the operation safety is significantly improved，and the protection effect of tower mill shaft and spiral vane is significantly improved. The research shows that the composite ceramic liner effectively solves the wear-resistant short plate of the traditional liner，significantly improves the operation efficiency and eco⁃ nomic benefits of the tower mill，and has important reference value for the upgrading of grinding equip⁃ ment of similar complex refractory iron ore.