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    25 February 2026, Volume 42 Issue 02
    Previous Issue   
    Research on Lightweight Segmentation Method for Roadway Surrounding Rock Fractures Based on Multi-scale Feature Enhancement
    LI Jin, LI Zhiguo YANG Min QUAN Zhongxue
    2026, 42(02):  1-7. 
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    To address the problems of computational redundancy，small target loss，and sensitivity to background interference in the traditional DeepLabv3+ model for roadway surrounding rock fracture de⁃ tection，a lightweight collaborative semantic segmentation method based on multi-scale feature enhance⁃ ment is proposed. Taking 9 mining areas of Zhaiwan Phosphate Mine as the research object，a high-resolu⁃ tion fracture dataset containing 540 samples was constructed（the fracture pixel proportion ranges from 2.7% to 4.1%）. The core of the model optimization includes four aspects: adopting MobileNetV2 as the backbone network to achieve 83% parameter compression; reconstructing the dilation rates of the atrous spatial pyramid pooling（ASPP）module（a scale feature extraction module）into［2，3，7］（coprime de⁃ sign）to enhance the receptive field of small targets; embedding the convolutional block attention module （CBAM）dual-dimensional attention mechanism after ASPP to strengthen feature localization; and introduc⁃ ing the Dice Loss-Focal Loss combined loss function（λ=0.4）to solve the problem of extreme sample imbal⁃ance. Six groups of comparative experiments were designed to verify the effectiveness of the model. The re⁃
    sults show that the optimal model（M5）achieves a mean Intersection over Union（mIoU）of 74.2%，which
    is 4.73 percentage points higher than that of the baseline model，and its parameter count is only 3.4 M
    （about 14.8% of that of Xception）. Engineering experiment verification shows that the deviation between
    the fracture parameters（such as dip angle and spacing）extracted by the model and the on-site manual
    survey results is less than 8%，which can accurately support the construction of the transparent geological
    model and rock mass quality classification of Zhaiwan Phosphorus Mine.This model realizes the coordinat⁃
    ed optimization of fracture segmentation accuracy and lightweight performance，and can be deployed on
    embedded inspection equipment. It provides reliable technical support for mine engineering geological sur⁃
    veys and geological disaster early warning，and its design idea can serve as a reference for similar extreme
    sample segmentation tasks.
    Research on the Design and Construction Plan of the Automation and Intelligent Command Center for Beneficiation of Zhongjiu Iron Mine
    CHEN Kefeng DENG Jie WENG Jinhong ZHAO Zhenming
    2026, 42(02):  8-18. 
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    Zhongjiu Iron Mine is a newly established mine. In order to improve production efficien⁃ cy，optimize workforce structure，and respond to the requirements of smart mine construction，to ad⁃ dressed issues such as efficiency bottlenecks，production fluctuations，and safety risks caused by tradition⁃ al ore processing procedures that rely on manual operations，based on an industrial Internet platform，a full-process automated control system and simultaneously constructed a smart command center was built. Through redundant PLC controls，high-precision intelligent instrument monitoring，and intelligent control strategies，the system achieves centralized monitoring and remote operation of the entire process，includ⁃ ing crushing and screening，grinding and classification，and magnetic separation and dewatering. It is ex⁃ pected that this solution can increase Zhongjiu Iron Mine′s processing capacity by 8%~12%，boost the an⁃ nual concentrate output by 62 000 tons，reduce labor costs by 60%，raise the concentrate grade pass rate to 98%，and decrease accident rates by 70%. This effectively enhances production efficiency，reduces op⁃ erating costs，and lays the technical foundation for less labor-intensive or even fully unmanned produc⁃ tion，while also providing a reusable technical model for similar newly established mines.
    Study on Mining Pressure Behavior Law and Control Guarantee System of Isolated Island Working Face with Large Mining Height
    CHE Jianhang
    2026, 42(02):  19-24. 
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    Restricted by factors such as mine geological conditions，stope layout and excavation-min⁃ ing technology，some mines adopt the skip mining succession mode to form isolated island working faces with two sides exposed. Such working faces are generally confronted with the threat of strong ground pres⁃ sure during mining，which seriously endangers production safety. Taking the 3210 large mining height iso⁃ lated island working face of Wangpo Coal Mine as the research object，this study systematically explored the mining pressure behavior law，advance abutment pressure distribution characteristics and surrounding rock deformation and failure mechanism of the isolated island working face by comprehensively using theo⁃ retical analysis，numerical simulation and field measurement methods. The results show that the stress con⁃ centration degree of the 3210 working face increases significantly during the mining stage，with intense ground pressure behavior and prominent surrounding rock damage and failure problems. Field ground pres⁃ sure monitoring clarified the periodic weighting interval of the working face and the deformation and failure law of the transportation gateway. Based on the governance concept of "technology leadership，concept in⁃ novation and combination of theory and practice"，a ground pressure control system for large mining height isolated island working faces is constructed，which includes innovative support concept，high-efficiency surrounding rock control technology and full-cycle ground pressure governance evaluation. Engineering ap⁃ plication shows that the surrounding rock displacement of the 3210 return air gateway tends to be stable 2 months after its formation，the roof subsidence is controlled within 10 mm，and the two-side convergence is no more than 190 mm. The surrounding rock deformation of the gateway is effectively controlled，realiz⁃
    ing the safe and efficient mining of the working face. The research results can provide technical reference
    for ground pressure control of isolated island working faces under similar geological conditions.
    Optimization Design of Excavation Blasting for a Large Section Tunnel
    JIN Ke, GAO Qiqi, PAN Zuying,
    2026, 42(02):  25-30. 
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    In view of the conservative problem of single-cycle footage in the original blasting design of a tunnel，combined with the first-stage construction verification and on-site investigation results，it is found that the actual stability of the surrounding rock of the tunnel is better than the conclusion of the geo⁃ logical exploration report，and it has the safety implementation conditions for increasing the footage of sin⁃ gle-cycle blasting excavation. Based on this，the tunnel excavation blasting scheme is optimized and the targeted safety protection measures are taken. The results show that the optimization scheme can effectively reduce the damage of tunnel structure and surrounding facilities caused by blasting vibration，flying rock and shock wave. The effective footage rate of blast holes in the lithologic integrity area of the excavation section of the tunnel is 86% ~ 96%，and the effective footage rate of full-section blast holes is 81% ~ 92%，and the roof forming quality is excellent. At the same time，it significantly reduces the cost of tunnel excavation and support construction，and greatly shortens the construction period of the project. The opti⁃ mization scheme and implementation experience can provide important technical reference for blasting con⁃ struction of tunnel engineering with similar surrounding rock conditions.
    Optimization Research on Deep Mine Air Supply Efficiency of Fozi Mine Based on Ventsim
    QIN Yong¹ GAN Haiyang¹ LU Huageng¹ WEI Wenxing¹ LUO Yu¹ LU Xiaohui² YANG Chun,
    2026, 42(02):  31-35. 
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    As the core production area of the mine gradually advances towards the deeper levels，the dynamic matching of the ventilation system with the deep mine air supply demand has become an urgent is⁃ sue to be addressed. Based on the Guyi mining area of the Fozi Mine in Guangxi，a 3D mine ventilation simulation was conducted using Ventsim to investigate and optimize the air-supply efficiency in deep mine workings，with the aim of improving long-distance ventilation performance in deep mining areas.The re⁃ search shows that for the improvement of the ventilation effect in the deep mine of the Guyi section，the short-term priority implementation plan one is to seal the 138 m middle section west wing return air shaft， set up the monkey car shaft local fan drainage and elevator shaft wind door，establish a coordinated mecha⁃ nism of shallow suppression and deep reinforcement，with a total return air volume increase of 7.99%，and an increase of 13.8% in the effective area. This quickly alleviates the problem of high resistance in the deep mine return air. In the medium term，combined with plan two，the 300 m middle section disorderly leakage points are sealed，and the dynamic balance of the 260 m middle section inclined shaft wind resis⁃ tance is achieved. The total air intake volume increases by 2.17%，and the leakage rate drops to 3%. In the long term，with plan three as the core，a fan is added in the 138 m middle section 9 line main roadway and a 401 m main fan is formed to form a relay boost，with a total air intake volume increase of 8.99%，an increase of 25.86% in the effective area，and a network efficiency increase of 1.39%. The deep mine venti⁃ lation efficiency optimization effect is remarkable. The research adopts a phased technical path，from shal⁃ low regulation，leakage control to relay air supply，step by step，providing a set of quantifiable and reus⁃able engineering practice solutions for the upgrade of the deep mine ventilation system of the mine.
    Research on Stability of Surrounding Rock in Long-distance Tunneling in Deep Underground Mines
    CHEN Fang
    2026, 42(02):  36-39，46. 
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    During the long-distance tunneling process in deep underground mines，the instability of surrounding rocks caused by complex geological conditions poses a serious threat to mine safety. Based on this，taking Yuneng Rudong Coal Mine in GuizhouProvinceas the research object，a research method com⁃ bining theoretical analysis，numerical simulation and on-site monitoring was adopted to establish a dy⁃ namic equation for surrounding rocks considering the disturbance during tunneling. Using the FLAC3D soft⁃ ware，a three-dimensional numerical model was constructed and a refined grid was divided. By setting up multiple displacement sensors at key parts of the tunnel，the vertical and horizontal displacements of the surrounding rocks were monitored in real time. Finally，combined with the geological radar scanning，the stability characteristics of the surrounding rocks during the tunneling of the mine shaft were analyzed，pro⁃ viding a safety control basis for the tunneling engineering of deep underground mines and reducing the risks of mine shaft collapse and wall collapse. The research results show that during the tunneling of deep underground mines，for the vertical displacement of the surrounding rocks，the fluctuations at each moni⁃ toring point along the axial length of 0~10 m are small; along the axial length of 10~50 m，monitoring point A is disturbed and the deformation is significant; along the axial length of 40~50 m，the peak value reaches 23 mm，and monitoring points B and C have relatively smaller displacement growth. For the hori⁃ zontal displacement of the surrounding rocks，along the axial length of 0~15 m，the growth of each point is slow; along the axial length of 15~40 m，monitoring point B is disturbed greatly，with a peak value of approximately 13 mm，and monitoring points C is second，while monitoring point A is less affected. The overall deformation of the surrounding rocks during the tunneling process of the mine shaft is always lower than 5.88 mm，indicating that the stability of the rock structure meets the construction requirements.
    Stability Analysis of Collapse Zone Clusters Based on Sirovision-FLAC3D
    YE Xiao HUANG Kaifei,
    2026, 42(02):  40-46. 
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    To study the impact of underground mining in a certain metal mine on the stability of the collapse zone clusters，a 3D rock mass structure scanner Sirovision is used for field investigation，and a 3D refined model of the mine surface，ore body，and collapse zones is constructed. The FLAC3D numerical simulation software is employed for mining simulation analysis to study the stability of the collapse zone clusters themselves and the influence of each mining stage on the stability of the collapse zone clusters. The results show that by collecting field data using the Sirovision 3D rock mass structure scanner and ana⁃ lyzing it，the basic mechanical parameters of the rock mass for numerical analysis can be obtained，there⁃ by improving the accuracy of subsequent numerical simulation work. Through numerical simulation analy⁃ sis，before the mining stage，the overall displacement of the collapse zone clusters was small，with the maximum displacement ranging from 12 to 30 mm，and the stress distribution of the surrounding rock was relatively uniform，with only a small-scale stress concentration phenomenon occurring at the bottom cor⁃ ner. There was mutual influence between some collapse zones，causing plastic zones to be filled within the surrounding rock of the collapse zones between them，but the overall stability of the collapse zone clusters remained good. During the mining stage，when the distance between the mining section and the collapse zone clusters was large，the mining activities did not have a significant impact on the collapse zone clus⁃ ters，and the displacement and stress of the surrounding rock of the collapse zone clusters were uniform and stable. As the mining section approached the collapse zone clusters，the impact of the mining activities on the collapse zone clusters increased，the displacement of the collapse zone clusters increased，and there was a significant stress concentration phenomenon，and the range of plastic zones expanded sharply. Based on the analysis of the displacement monitoring of the collapse zone clusters，to ensure the stability of the mine collapse zone clusters，the collapse zones need to be divided into two batches for processing during the mining process.
    Research and Application of Preset Drawdown Channel Width for Large Mining Height
    LI Zongtao
    2026, 42(02):  47-52. 
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    To ensure the safe and efficient withdrawal of the working face，the layout of 2307 preset withdrawal channel of Licun Coal Mine in Lu′an Mining Area is taken as the research background. Through theoretical mechanics analysis，it is concluded that with the increase of roadway width，the subsidence of the roof of the drawdown passage under different failure forms shows an increasing trend. By combining the⁃ oretical analysis with numerical simulation，the plastic zone，stress field and displacement field of the sur⁃ rounding rock of three different widths of drawdown channels were studied. When the width of the roadway is 5.5 m，the subsidence of the roadway roof is the smallest，the range of the surrounding rock stress and plastic failure zone is the smallest，and the surrounding rock is the most stable. Through field tests，it can be concluded that with the mining of the working face，the deformation of the preset drawdown channel af⁃ ter being disturbed is relatively small. Research shows that under the complex geological conditions of Li⁃ cun Coal Mine in Lu′an Mining Area，the optimal width of the preset drawdown passage for the 2307 work⁃ ing face is 5.5 m. This design scheme can effectively control the subsidence of the roof and the range of plastic damage to the surrounding rock，significantly enhance the stability of the drawdown channel，and achieve the comprehensive benefits of shortening the cycle of moving and reversing the working face，re⁃ ducing the loss of raw coal，and lowering the safety risks for the operators. It provides an important techni⁃ cal reference for the safe and efficient drawdown of deep mines.
    Simulation Research of Deep Well Local Cooling Scheme Based on FLUENT
    LANG Xiaodong MA Zhangyin XING Chao YANG Hongchang WANG Chunlong
    2026, 42(02):  53-57. 
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    With the deepening of metal mining and the improvement of mechanization，the problem of deep heat damage is becoming increasingly prominent. Traditional ventilationmethods are unable to meet the cooling needs of deep mining sites. Therefore，local cooling technology is needed to improve the ther⁃ mal environment of mining sites. Taking the Song Country Shanjin Mining area as the engineering back⁃ ground，a local cooling system was constructed for the high temperature environment of up to 38 ℃ in the deep working face，combined with factors such as cooling loading method and cooling transportation meth⁃ od. The key parameters of the cooling system were optimized by using MATLAB genetic algorithm，and the optimal cooling capacity of the system was determined to be 1 262.55 kW，with a drying ball temperature of 25 ℃ and an air flow rate of 8.5 m³/s. A thermodynamic model was established by using Fluent numeri⁃ cal simulation technology，and the evolution law of temperature and humidity field under the coupling ef⁃ fect of multiple heat sources of personnel，rock drilling rig，and loader was systematically analyzed，verify⁃ ing the reliability of the cooling system. The results show that the centralized air supply and cooling scheme can effectively control the wet bulb temperature of the working face below 27 ℃，which has a simple system structure，low investment and operating costs，and good economy and applicability，provides a thermal hazard control solution for safe and efficient mining in deep metal mines，and has significant engineering application value.
    Research on the Mining Scheme for the Deep Ore Bodies of Sanguikou Lead-Zinc Mine
    LIU Huaiyu WANG Changjun SU Huaibin LI Feng
    2026, 42(02):  58-64. 
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    To maximize the mining benefits of the deposit，in view of the complex engineering geolog⁃ ical conditions at the deep part of Sanguikou，3 mining sequence planning schemes for the ore bodies are proposed. Through economic，technical and safety analyses，a comprehensive evaluation is conducted us⁃ ing the analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy mathematics theory，thereby the optimal mining scheme is abtained. The hierarchical analysis model was used to compare various factors，construct a judgment ma⁃ trix，and then calculate the weight indicators of each factor. Combined with the fuzzy mathematics method， an evaluation grade matrix was constructed，and the comprehensive evaluation values of each scheme were calculated successively. Finally，the mining scheme suitable for the deep engineering conditions of Sangui⁃ kou mining area was selected，starting with the 1st steps of the ore bodies within the 494 m and 514~533 m sections，filling and then mining the 2nd step ore bodies，and considering the 566 m section as a whole for subsequent mining. This scheme avoids the setting of horizontal pillars，improves the ore recovery rate，and helps the deep mining of the Sanguikou mining area to achieve production and stable production.
    Experimental Study on Suspension Magnetizing Roasting and Magnetic Separation of a Refractory Iron Ore from JISCO
    LI Bochao QIN Lina GUO Yi BIAN Liguo TU Wei FAN Qinglong, JIN Jianping,
    2026, 42(02):  65-69，73. 
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    uquan Iron and Steel Co.，Ltd. and systematically conducted experimental re⁃ search on suspension magnetizing roasting—magnetic separation based on process mineralogy analysis. The primary valuable minerals in the raw ore are hematite and siderite. By systematically investigating the influence of key parameters：roasting temperature，CO concentration，roasting time，grinding fineness， and magnetic field intensity on separation performance，the optimal process conditions were determined. The results of the suspension magnetizing roasting—magnetic separation tests showed that under the condi⁃ tions of a roasting temperature of 475 ℃，roasting time of 8 minutes，CO concentration of 20%，grinding fineness of -0.1 mm，and magnetic field intensity of 144 kA/m，a magnetic concentrate with an iron grade of 55.97% and an iron recovery rate of 93.52% was obtained. XRD and chemical composition analyses indi⁃ cated that the magnetite content in the magnetic concentrate increased，while impurity components such as SiO₂，Ba，S，and K were significantly reduced，validating the effectiveness of this process in enhancing iron grade and reducing harmful elements. Phase analysis and SEM analysis revealed that after roasting， hematite and siderite were almost completely converted into magnetite. In the magnetic concentrate，iron mainly existed in the form of magnetic iron，with a distribution rate reaching 93.23%. The research find⁃ ings demonstrate that the magnetizing roasting—magnetic separation process has a favorable enrichment ef⁃ fect on iron minerals.
    Research on High Efficiency Magnetic Separation and Pre-concentration Tailings Discarding Technology for Ultra Lean Vanadium Titanium Magnetite in Hami
    LI Jia ZHAO Liuchuang GUO Xiaofei
    2026, 42(02):  70-73. 
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    A vanadium-titanium magnetite deposit in Hami contains 12.07% Total Iron（TFe）， 5.99% Magnetic Iron（mFe），and 2.06% Titanium Dioxide（TiO₂），classifying it as an ultra-poor vanadi⁃ um-titanium magnetite ore. The ZKGC-type fine ore magnetic separator employs high-performance com⁃ posite rare-earth permanent magnetic materials and magnetic concentrating design，achieving a magnetic induction intensity of 560 mT on the drum surface with a maximum drum rotational speed of 6.2 m/s. Pre�concentration and tailings discarding tests were conducted on the ultra-fine crushed ore（via high-pressure grinding roll）using this novel dry magnetic separator. The results indicate that under the conditions of a feed particle size of P80=1.97 mm，a magnetic deflector angle of 11°，and a drum speed of 4.6 m/s，the sin⁃ gle-unit processing capacity reaches 279.82 t/ h，with a tailings discarding rate of 39.03%. The recovery rates of TFe，mFe，and TiO₂ in the pre-concentrate reached 71.35%，94.36%，and 71.02%，respective⁃ ly. The study demonstrates a significant reduction in mineral processing costs for ultra-poor vanadium-tita⁃ nium magnetite ores，providing a new technological pathway for the efficient utilization of similar resources.
    Experimental Study on the Quality Improvement and Impurity Reduction of a Vanadium Titanium Iron Concentrate in the Western Panzhihua Area
    XUE Zhongyan YUAN Yingjie LI Congde BU Cunbo LI Wei ZHANG Lin GAO Chunqing
    2026, 42(02):  74-78. 
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    Vanadium-titanium magnetite is an important strategic mineral resource in Western Pan⁃ zhihua area of China. However，its iron concentrate generally has problems such as low iron grade and high sulfur and phosphorus content，which affects the subsequent smelting efficiency and environmental protec⁃ tion cost. In order to improve the quality of vanadium-titanium iron concentrate and reduce the sulfur con⁃ tent，the vanadium-titanium iron concentrate of a concentrator in Western Panzhihua area was taken as the research object，and the proces mineralogy properties of the ore，such as chemical multi-elements，miner⁃ al composition and content，particle size composition and iron distribution，mineral embedding characteris⁃ tics and particle size were studied. On this basis，the combined process of ultra-fine grinding of tower mill-one roughing one cleaning low intensity magnetic separation-magnetic separation column cleaning�one roughing one cleaning flotation desulfurization was proposed to carry out the experimental study on quality improvement and impurity reduction. The results show that the high-quality vanadium-titanium iron concentrate with yield of 81.64%，iron grade of 60.47%，iron recovery of 89.66% and sulfur content of 0.27% can be obtained under the conditions of tower mill grinding fineness of -0.043 mm of 90%，mag⁃ netic induction intensity of low intensity magnetic roughing separation is 200 mT，magnetic induction in⁃ tensity of cleaning is 120 mT，rising water of magnetic separation column is 330 mL/s，using sulfuric acid as activator and liquid xanthate as collector for flotation desulfurization. This process significantly improves the quality of iron concentrate，and provides a technical reference for similar vanadium-titanium iron con⁃ centrate to improve quality and reduce impurities.
    Process Mineralogy Study on the Roasted Magnetic Separation Concentrate of JISCO
    DONG Zaizheng, SUN Hongshuo XIAN Jiayu, LIU Jie,
    2026, 42(02):  79-84，89. 
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    Taking the third-stage magnetic separation concentrate obtained by the suspension roast⁃ ing-magnetic separation process in the concentrator of Jiuquan Iron and Steel Co.，Ltd. as the research ob⁃ ject，the process mineralogy characteristics were systematically analyzed by means of chemical analysis， optical microscopic observation，automatic mineral analysis，X-ray diffraction（XRD）and infrared spec⁃ troscopy（FTIR）. The results show that the iron grade of the roasted magnetic concentrate is 53.62%，and the iron element mainly exists in magnetite and roasted siderite. The monomer dissociation rate of magne⁃ tite/hematite is 39.14%，which shows the characteristics of wide distribution of fine particles and complex embedding relationship. As the main gangue mineral，quartz is mostly produced in the form of granular ag⁃ gregates and is closely associated with iron minerals. In the +0.038 mm fraction，iron minerals and quartz form a complex symbiotic structure，which hinders the effective adsorption of beneficiation reagents on the mineral surface，resulting in difficult surface modification. In the −0.038 mm fraction，although the disso⁃ ciation degree of iron minerals is high，the ultrafine particles are easily entrained by flotation foam due to the increase of surface energy，resulting in metal loss and affecting the separation index.
    Experimental Study on Mineral Processing of an Iron Ore in Anhui
    WANG Tao¹ LI Mingjun² LI Minfu² HUANG An
    2026, 42(02):  85-89. 
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    To efficiently develop a certain magnetite resource in Anhui，a systematic optimization study of the beneficiation process was conducted through laboratory-scale experiments and industrial trials. In the laboratory phase，the process of low-intensity magnetic roughing（0.22 T）-grinding（-0.074 mm ac⁃ counting for 86.10%）-two-stage magnetic separation（0.14 T）-three-stage magnetic separation（0.14 T） was adopted，achieving an iron concentrate with grade of 66.19% and recovery rate of 89.19%. The indus⁃ trial trials employed the process of stage grinding-low-intensity magnetic separation-fine screening-con⁃ centration magnetic separation. By optimizing parameters such as the mill feed rate，cyclone pressure，and screen aperture size，the final iron concentrate grade reached 65.83% with a recovery rate of 87.60%. The content of harmful impurities such as S and P in the concentrate was extremely low，at 0.025% and 0.029% respectively，meeting industrial smelting requirements. Analysis of tailings particle size and iron phase dis⁃ tribution indicated that iron loss was primarily attributed to non-magnetic minerals such as hematite and li⁃ monite. The research results provide reliable process parameters for the industrial-scale production of this iron ore and offer data support for the resource utilization of tailings.
    Study on Application of a New Type of Ultrafine Particle Gravity Separator in Copper and Lead Separation Process
    HAN Yuanyan, DONG Huasheng JIANG Xu, ZHOU Hao, ZHAO Jiali
    2026, 42(02):  90-94. 
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    A low-grade copper-lead-zinc polymetallic ore in Inner Mongolia contains 0.08% copper， 2.20% lead，and 2.40% zinc. To address technical challenges such as the low copper-to-lead ratio in cop⁃ per-lead mixed concentrate，ultrafine particle size，significant interference from residual reagents in full re⁃ cycled water production，and unstable performance of single flotation processes，a new type of ultrafine parti⁃ cle gravity separator has been developed. Through pre-concentration with this new gravity separator，effi⁃ cient separation of copper and lead minerals can be achieved. A qualified lead concentrate containing 68.21% lead and 0.28% copper is obtained in advance，thereby improving the copper-to-lead ratio of the feed for subsequent flotation. Compared to ore slime shaking tables and spiral chutes，the new gravity sepa⁃ rator offers higher separation precision，with a copper loss rate of only 10.62% in the lead concentrate. When comparing the combined high-gradient magnetic separation-flotation process，the combined gravity separa⁃ tion-flotation process，and the single flotation process，the copper recovery rate in the copper concentrate obtained from the combined gravity separation-flotation process is significantly higher. Industrial applica⁃ tion results of the new ultrafine particle gravity separation-flotation combined process show that the new technology increases the copper concentrate grade from 18.27% in the original process to 25.45%，reduces the loss rate of lead in the copper concentrate by 1.62 percentage points，and lowers reagent costs by 54%.This achieves deep separation of copper and lead while steadily improving production indicators，providing
    an effective technical solution for the beneficiation of similar ores in arid and water-deficient regions.
    Experimental Study on Beneficiation of an Iron Ore Abroad
    WANG Shaoxing ZHOU Jianghong WANG Ning
    2026, 42(02):  95-98. 
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    There is 37.21% TFe in a foreign iron ore，with a distribution rate of magnetic iron reach⁃ ing 95.21%. It is classified as an acidic ore dominated by magnetite，with low levels of harmful elements S and P，and a primary impurity SiO₂ content of 44.72%. To provide a reference for the development and utili⁃ zation of this ore，a combined process of wet pre-selection—stage grinding—low-intensity magnetic sepa⁃ ration—magnetic separator column separation was tested. The results showed that under a wet pre-selec⁃ tion magnetic field intensity of 280 mT，a pre-selected concentrate with a TFe grade of 46.53% and a recov⁃ ery rate of 97.39% was obtained. When the pre-selected concentrate via primary grinding to a fineness of 60% passing 0.076 mm and a magnetic field intensity of 250 mT，the primary magnetic separation concen⁃ trate achieved a TFe grade of 56.85% and a recovery rate of 96.21%. At a secondary grinding fineness of 85% passing 0.043 mm，a TFe grade of 70.42% and a recovery rate of 98.31% were obtained after one roughing and one cleaning stage of low-intensity magnetic separation. Further research indicated that using magnetic separator column separation under coarser grinding conditions (68% passing 0.043 mm) and an upward water flow rate of 250 mL/s yielded a high-quality concentrate with a TFe grade of 70.19% and a re⁃ covery rate of 97.53%. This approach achieved comparable indicators while significantly reducing grinding energy consumption. The closed-circuit test of the entire process ultimately produced a concentrate with a TFe grade of 70.19%，a SiO₂ content reduced to 1.91%，and a TFe recovery rate of 90.32%. The research results provide a feasible and efficient energy-saving process for the separation of this type of iron ore.
    Experimental Study and Application of New Collector Bq for Flotation of Fine Tin Ore
    LI Ying TONG Xin
    2026, 42(02):  99-102. 
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    Aiming at the problems of low tin grade, high content of fine slime and low recovery rate in the flotation process of fine tin ore in a tin oxide concentrator in Yunnan, a new reagent combination flota⁃ tion test was carried out with benzohydroxamic acid Bq collector as the core, foaming agent 2# oil and regula⁃ tor sodium carbonate. The closed-circuit test results show that the new reagent combination can obtain the index of tin concentrate grade of 5.89% and recovery rate of 80.90%, which is 3.83 percentage points higher than that of the original reagent. The industrial test further verified the applicability of the new reagent. Un⁃ der the condition of similar feed grade, the tin content of tailings decreased from 0.134% to 0.080%, the op⁃ eration recovery rate increased by 12.23 percentage points, and the concentrate grade of roughing 1 in⁃ creased from 0.770% to 10.37%, which could directly produce rich and medium ore and reduce the subse⁃ quent cleaning load. Although the new pharmaceutical system increased the cost by 9.54 RMB/t, the net in⁃ crease benefit was 72 RMB/t, and the annual economic benefit was about 8.63 million RMB. The research results provide a feasible technical route and practical basis for the efficient flotation of high mud and fine cassiterite.
    Experimental Study on Mineral Processing of a Super High Calcium Carbonate Fluorite Ore in Xinjiang
    XU Zengguang YANG Hualing ZHAO Huaxiang WANG Changfu FENG Zhangbiao
    2026, 42(02):  103-107，112. 
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    The CaF2 grade of a fluorite ore in Ruoqiang County，Xinjiang is 26.15%，with CaCO3 content as high as 47.58%，making it a typical ultra-high calcium carbonate-type fluorite ore. Based on the ore properties，systematic research on the beneficiation process was conducted. Under the condition that the grinding fineness of the raw ore is 66.56% passing 0.074 mm，using soda ash as the regulator， SSB and FT-1 as depressants，and CYP-02 as the collector，a process consisting of one roughing，eight cleanings，and two scavengings was adopted. Closed-circuit tests of the entire process yielded fluorite con⁃ centrate with yield of 22.89%，CaF2 grade of 97.46%，and recovery rate of 85.41%. This achieves the effi⁃ cient recovery and utilization of high-calcium carbonate-type fluorite resources and provides a feasible ap⁃ proach for the beneficiation of similar ores.
    Study on Arsenic Removal，Quality Improvement and Associated Gold Recovery Technology of a Low-grade Fluorite Ore in Jiangxi Province
    FENG Yuanmeng ZHAO Jianfei LI Tianen
    2026, 42(02):  108-112. 
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    For a low-grade fluorite ore from Jiangxi，the raw ore contains 23.13% CaF₂，0.057 g/t Au，and 65.7 g/t As. Arsenic minerals tend to float along with sulfides during flotation，severely affecting the quality of the fluorite concentrate. Meanwhile，the associated gold resources possess comprehensive re⁃ covery value. To achieve fluorite purification，arsenic reduction to meet standards，and comprehensive uti⁃ lization of associated gold，exploratory tests on grinding fineness，optimization of the reagent scheme，and full-circuit closed flotation experiments were conducted. The results show that under a grinding fineness of 50% passing 0.075 mm，using a pre-arsenic removal flotation process consisting of one roughing，four cleaning，and one scavenging stages，an arsenic flotation concentrate with an Au grade of 5.05 g/t was ob⁃ tained，with only a 0.01% loss in CaF₂ recovery. Closed-circuit flotation tests on the pre-arsenic removal tailings，comprising one roughing，six cleaning，and one scavenging stages for fluorite，ultimately yielded a fluorite concentrate with a CaF₂ grade of 97.35% and a recovery rate of 90.54%. The As content was re⁃ duced to 2.56 g/t，meeting the industrial application standards for fluorite concentrate. The research find⁃ ings provide technical reference for the industrial production of similar types of low-grade fluorite ores.
    Process Mineralogy Study of a Sulfur-containing Complex Refractory Magnetite Ore
    LIU Junhua FENG Bin GAO Zhiwei YU Xiaodong LIANG Gang ZHANG Lin
    2026, 42(02):  113-117，122. 
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    The process mineralogical properties of a sulfur-containing complex refractory magnetite ore were systematically studied by chemical analysis，microscope and MLA. The results show that the con⁃ tent of main valuable element iron in the ore is 32.55%，and iron is mainly present in magnetite，with dis⁃ tribution rate of 80.88%. The main harmful element S content is 3.01%，and S is mainly present in pyrite， with distribution rate of 98.02%. The content of magnetite in the ore is 36.67%，which is mainly associated with gangue minerals. In addition，the content of pyrite is 5.44%，which also has certain recovery value. Pyrite is mainly associated with magnetite and gangue minerals. The gangue minerals in the ore are mainly potassium feldspar，chlorite，albite and quartz. The particle size of magnetite and gangue is different. It is advisable to adopt the process of step grinding and step selection and coarse grain discarding. The ore is dominated by massive structure and disseminated structure. The ore structure mainly includes granular structure，vein structure，metasomatic structure and disseminated structure. When the ore is finely ground to 95% of -0.074 mm，the magnetite monomer is well dissociated. The research results of process mineralo⁃ gy provide a reference for the determination of the subsequent beneficiation test process of the ore.
    Experimental Study on High-Pressure Grinding Roller-Pre-concentration Tailings Rejection of an Iron Ore Abroad
    LI Baojian
    2026, 42(02):  118-122. 
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    In response to the characteristics of high ore hardness and low raw ore grade of a foreign iron ore，experimental studies were conducted on the combined process of high-pressure grinding roller （HPGR）- pre-concentration tailings rejection. Through systematic open-circuit and closed-circuit tests， the effects of HPGR working pressure，rotation speed，and feed moisture content on crushing performance and energy consumption were investigated. Comparative tests on wet and dry pre-concentration tailings re⁃ jection were carried out for the -3 mm product from closed-circuit screening. The results showed that un⁃ der the conditions of a working pressure of 9.0 MPa，a rotation speed of 20 r/min，and a feed moisture con⁃ tent below 8%，the HPGR operated stably with a suitable product size. The circulating load of the closed�circuit screening operation was 73.70%，and the content of -0.075 mm material in the screen undersize reached 17.79%. For the -3 mm product from closed-circuit screening，by wet magnetic separation pre�concentrationat with a magnetic induction intensity of 0.2 T and a linear speed of 0.78 m/s a concentrate TFe grade of 46.01% and a recovery rate of 80.85%，demonstrating better tailings rejection performance compared to dry magnetic separation. The study results provide a theoretical basis and technical reference for similar mines adopting the combined HPGR-pre-concentration process，contributing to improved min⁃ eral processing efficiency and economic benefits.
    Beneficiation Process Test of a Kaolin-type Fluorite Ore in Henan
    ZUO Xiaoyan ZHOU Jieqiang, ZHANG Yingjie
    2026, 42(02):  123-126. 
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    In order to meet the production demand of acid-grade fluorite powder in a kaolin-type flu⁃ orite mine in Henan Province，a systematic beneficiation process test is carried out to solve the problem of serious mud cover caused by easily mudded gangue such as kaolin and talc and calcium-containing gangue such as calcite in the ore，and the floatability of minerals is similar，which is difficult to achieve efficient separation of fluorite and gangue minerals. Through detailed condition tests，the flotation reagent system with collector sodium oleate（500 g/t），high-efficiency inhibitor SY-20（1 000 g/t）and organic polymer regulator TZ-01（500 g/t）as the core is determined.The fluorite concentrate with CaF2 grade of 97.14% and recovery of 84.62% is obtained by adopting the closed-circuit process of one roughing，two scavenging and seven cleaning.The product index fully meets the quality requirements of acid-grade fluorite powder， which solves the separation problem of refractory fluorite ore with high mud content and high gangue con⁃ tent，and provides a reliable technical path.
    Research on Stability of Spoil Dump Slope of Baorixile Open-pit Coal Mine Based on Geostudio
    LIU Yuna, GONG Chuangang, ZHANG Hao LI Yalei,
    2026, 42(02):  127-136. 
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    For the spoil dump of open-pit coal mines，in the context of the increasing discharge vol⁃ ume and the constraint of land area，taking the spoil dump of the Baorixile open-pit coal mine in Inner Mongolia as the object，based on the Geostudio software platform，combined with the limit equilibrium method and numerical simulation method，a systematic study is conducted on the influence laws of slope gradient，slope height，and rock and soil mechanical properties on stability. By constructing a 2D homoge⁃ neous model，the Morgenstern-Price method is used to compare and analyze the safety factor under differ⁃ ent slope gradients (15°~35°) and slope heights（25~50 m），and the mechanical parameter sensitivity of 4 types of rock and soil（sandy mudstone，mudstone，fine sandstone，and medium-coarse sandstone）is dis⁃ cussed. The results show that the safety factor decreases linearly with the increase of slope gradient and slope height. When the slope height increases from 25 m to 50 m，the safety factor decreases by 30.6%; when the slope gradient increases from 15° to 35°，the decrease is 32.8%. Cohesion is the most sensitive parameter affecting stability，and the internal friction angle needs to act in synergy with cohesion. The study further proposes that by optimizing the rock and soil ratio，that is，prioritizing the use of high-cohe⁃ sion materials such as mudstone and sandy mudstone，it is possible to achieve the balance between loading capacity and safety under the limited land area，providing a theoretical basis for the design of open-pit coal mine spoil dumps and slope stability.
    Research and Application on the Main Shaft Constructed by Freezing Method in the Vertical Fang 'an Gold Mine
    ZHU Shilin, WANG Jing, HONG Dunmin, XIONG Shaoyun,
    2026, 42(02):  137-141. 
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    In order to ensure the safety and efficiency of the freezing method construction of the main shaft of Fang′an Gold Mine，based on the engineering and hydrogeological conditions of the location of the main shaft of Fang′an Gold Mine，and in combination with the construction experience parameters of the freezing method for the shaft wall in the surrounding mines，the freezing method was adopted for the construc⁃ tion of the fourth system and the weathering layer area of the shaft of Fang′an Gold Mine. The composite sandwich wellbore wall support form is adopted to determine the freezing depth，the thickness of the inner and outer wellbore wall supports and the reinforcement parameters，the height of the wall base and other wellbore construction technical parameters. A 50 mm thick polystyrene foam plastic board is laid between the outer wall and the frozen wall，and a 1.5 mm thick polyethylene plastic thin plate is laid between the in⁃ ner and outer walls. This enables the inner wall to freely expand and contract during the solidification pro⁃ cess，reduces the gaps caused by temperature differences between the inner and outer walls during the dry shrinkage of concrete. After the wall base construction，a sliding formwork is applied to the inner wall. Before the frozen soil thaws，post-wall grouting and water blocking measures are taken for the wellbore. For the in⁃ ner and outer walls above the wall base，inter-wall grouting measures are adopted to fill the wellbore cracks and block the water gushing. During the construction process，the outer wall concrete support of the frozen section of the well shaft was monitored to ensure that the thickness of the concrete was not less than the de⁃ signed thickness，it was vibrated tightly，the concrete mix ratio was automatically measured by computer，the appearance was smooth and flat，there were no cracks when inspected from top to bottom，and the concrete joints were tight. Through theoretical calculation，the rationality of the wellbore structure parameters in the freezing section is verified to ensure the freezing and construction safety of the wellbore，providing reference for the freezing method well drilling design in the Huai River region.
    Numerical Simulation Research on the Influence of Loading Confining Pressure on the Crack Propagation of Rock Blasting
    GAO Qiqi YOU Yuanyuan YI Haibao
    2026, 42(02):  142-147. 
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    To investigate the crack propagation behavior and fractal characteristics of rock blasting�generated cracks under confining pressure，the propagation laws of blasting-generated cracks under differ⁃ ent confining pressure loading conditions were studied. A simulation analysis model was established using the LS-DYNA numerical calculation software，and a MATLAB program was written based on the calcula⁃ tion principle of box-counting dimension to calculate the fractal dimension of the blasting-generated cracks. The results show that under unidirectional loading in the x-direction，crack propagation is promot⁃ ed，while crack propagation in the y-direction is inhibited. The inhibitory effect in the y-direction is great⁃ er than that in the x-direction. With the increase of confining pressure，the inhibitory effect in the y-direc⁃ tion of crack propagation weakens. Under the condition of unequal confining pressure in the x-direction and y-direction，crack propagation in the maximum and minimum principal stress directions is simultane⁃ ously inhibited，and the inhibitory effect in the minimum principal stress direction is greater than that in the maximum principal stress direction. With the increase of unidirectional stress，the inhibitory effect of crack propagation in the y-direction of the rock is enhanced.
    Research on the Stability of the Surface and Goaf after Saturated Waste Rock Filling in a Copper Mine
    WU Shangrong CHEN Banghong FEI Zhiwen
    2026, 42(02):  148-153,159. 
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    To address the issues of surface subsidence and surrounding rock instability caused by the use of saturated waste rock for filling in goafs of a copper mine，the safety and applicability of the filling technology under water immersion conditions were evaluated to provide a basis for mine disaster preven⁃ tion. Based on the actual working conditions of a copper mine，a comprehensive approach using mechani⁃ cal tests，numerical simulations，and theoretical analysis was employed to systematically investigate the mechanical characteristics of the filling and their influence mechanisms on the stability of the surrounding rock. Firstly，through uniaxial compression and splitting tests，the basic mechanical parameters of the ore body，surrounding rock，and saturated waste rock filling body were determined. Combined with the Hoek�Brown criterion，the rock strength was reduced for engineering purposes，and a 3D numerical model re⁃ flecting the geological conditions was constructed. Secondly，based on the actual excavation sequence of the mining area，a four-stage numerical simulation scheme was designed to dynamically reproduce the en⁃ tire process of void formation，filling，and water immersion in the void area，and to quantitatively analyze the evolution laws of surface subsidence，horizontal displacement，and the distribution characteristics of the surrounding rock stress field. The research results show that the filling operation significantly inhibited surface deformation. The maximum subsidence is 265.84 mm，and the horizontal displacement is within 0~ 30 cm. The overall deformation meets the standards of grade I~II surface protection. However，long-term saturation of the filling body leads to strength deterioration，triggering secondary disaster risks. Significant stress concentration phenomena occurs in the pillar and roof areas，with the maximum principal stress reaching 53.48 MPa. The depth of the local plastic zone expansion increases，forming potential shear slip planes. Through multi-method coupling analysis methods，the stability of the filling mining area under complex hydrogeological conditions can be accurately evaluated. The research results provide theoretical support and technical references for the rational selection of filling processes and the establishment of di⁃ saster warning thresholds in similar mines，and have certain practical value for achieving green and safe mining in mines.
    Analysis on Influence of a Certain Solid Waste Landfill on the Stability of the Newly-built Open-pit Mine Slope
    HU Sihan, CHEN Guoqiang, GUO Jikui WU Wei FANG Songgen,
    2026, 42(02):  154-159. 
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    To reveal the mechanism of the influence of external loading on the stability of open-pit mine slopes，and to quantitatively analyze the regulatory effect of different thicknesses of safety pillars on the stability of the mine slopes，this study provides a theoretical basis for selecting safe，efficient，and eco⁃ nomically reasonable schemes for mines. Taking a certain solid waste landfill and the proposed newly-built open-pit mine slope as the research objects，based on thorough investigation of the engineering and hydro⁃ geological conditions of the mine and the solid waste landfill，the Morgenstern-Price method and the sim⁃ plified Bishop method in the limit equilibrium method were used to calculate the stability of the open-pit mine slope under the condition of a 10~40 m thick safety pillar. The results show that the existence of the solid waste landfill has changed the external topography and geomorphology of the mine slope. The infiltra⁃ tion of rainfall and the strong water absorption of titanium gypsum sludge have led to the southern slope of the mining area being affected by groundwater. As the thickness of the safety pillar increases，the influence of the groundwater of the solid waste landfill on the mine slope becomes smaller and smaller. The adoption of the safety pillar method can effectively increase the stability of the mine slope. With the continuous in⁃crease in the thickness of the safety pillar，the rate of change of the safety factor of the mine slope shows a trend of being faster at the beginning and then slower. From the perspectives of safety and economy，setting a 30 m thick safety pillar between the newly-built mine and the solid waste landfill is the optimal choice. It not only meets the requirements of slope stability norms，ensures the safety of the mine production，but al⁃ so takes into account economy and avoids resource waste caused by setting an overly thick safety pillar.
    Research and Application on Stability Analysis of Rock Slope of a Mine and Optimization of Basalt Fiber Anchor Rod Support
    MA Qinwei, HE Wen, NIE Wen,
    2026, 42(02):  160-164. 
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    To address the issue of local instability in the mine slope，taking a certain open-pit mine slope as the research object，a technique of basalt fiber anchor rods for slope support is proposed to en⁃ hance the stability of the slope. Firstly，the finite element model of the slope is established using the Mi⁃ das-GTS software，and the stability of the slope was analyzed. Secondly，based on the variation law of the slope safety factor，the optimization of the basalt fiber anchor rod-supported slope is carried out，and the op⁃ timal support parameters were obtained. Finally，the stability of the slope after support with the optimal sup⁃ port parameters was analyzed. The results show that the original slope was in an unstable state，with the max⁃ imum combined displacement being 4.69×10-3 m，the maximum shear strain being 1.87×10-3 ，and the safety factor being 1.10，which does not meet the requirements of the specifications. The optimal support parame⁃ ters determined through optimization for basalt fiber anchor rods are spacing 2.5 m，row spacing 3 m，incli⁃ nation angle 25°，length 6 m，and diameter 24 mm；after support with the optimal support parameters， the stability of the slope has significantly improved，with the maximum combined displacement reduced to 4.65×10-5 m，the maximum shear strain reduced to 9.43×10-6 ，and the safety factor increased to 1.45， meeting the requirements of the specifications. The research results not only verify the applicability of ba⁃ salt fiber anchor rods in slope engineering，but also provide scientific basis and technical support for the stability analysis，support design，and construction of similar types of mine slope projects.
    Research on Identification of Weak Areas in High-step Dumping Sites and Simulation of Landslide Evolution
    LU Jingbiao, REN Xinhua,
    2026, 42(02):  165-169. 
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    The research focused on a certain mine′s west dumping area in Qian′an City，Tangshan City. The aim is to identify the potential landslide risk areas through comprehensive numerical simulation methods and accurately predict the landslide impact range，providing a scientific basis for mine safety man⁃ agement and disaster emergency plan formulation. By combining the finite difference intensity reduction method with the particle flow model，the pre-defined weak landslide areas of the dumping area were delin⁃ eated，and further simulation of the landslide evolution process was conducted based on the particle flow model. The results showed that due to the high slope height，protruding shape，and lack of lateral con⁃ straints on the northwest side of the dumping area，it became the area with the minimum safety factor and the maximum shear strain increment distribution，and was thus identified as the weak landslide risk zone. Through particle flow simulation，it was shown that at 15 s，the maximum speed of the landslide body was 46.9 m/s，and within 20 s it covered the southern part of the village at the foot of the slope，after 50 s it gradually accumulated，and after 70 s it stopped moving. The maximum horizontal distance of the final im⁃ pact range was 534.93 m，the downstream affected area was 415 689 m²，the maximum accumulation thickness in the village area was 37.5 m，posing a serious threat to densely populated areas such as Gao⁃ taizi Village，and emergency measures need to be taken in advance. The research achieved integrated anal⁃ ysis from risk identification to disaster prediction，providing important technical support for landslide pre⁃vention and control.
    Geological Characteristics and Prospecting Prospect of Baowujian Gold Deposit in Shexian Coun⁃ ty，Southern Anhui Province
    YU Youlin QIU Junqiang
    2026, 42(02):  170-176. 
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    In order to search for gold-bearing alteration rocks-type gold deposits in the Southern An⁃ hui Province region，a pre-exploration of gold and multi-metallic deposits was conducted in the Baowujian area of Shexian County. Comprehensive collection of previous geological and mineral research data within the area was carried out，and based on comprehensive analysis，1∶10 000 and 1∶25 000 special geologi⁃ cal surveys，1∶10 000 geological profile surveys and soil geochemical surveys，1∶5 000 geological geo⁃ physical profile surveys，electrical sounding，trenching，drilling and electrical well logging were imple⁃ mented in this area. After conducting 1∶50 000 geochemical exploration anomaly verification in this area， the best drilling sites were selected for verification，providing a basis for the next comprehensive explora⁃ tion work. The study investigated the gold deposits (alteration) bodies，gold ore characteristics，rock altera⁃ tion and controlling factors in the area，preliminarily identified the controlling strata，structural morpholo⁃ gy，magmatic rocks and mineralization characteristics in the area，obtained new magnetic and electrical anomaly data，revealed the deep structural styles and the causes of geophysical anomaly，identified multi⁃ ple geochemical anomaly areas，discovered multiple high-value gold points and deep gold mineralization bodies. Based on the comprehensive results of geology，geophysical exploration and drilling，and after com⁃ parison with typical ore deposits in the region，the metallogenic type of gold deposits in the area was pre⁃ liminarily determined，the exploration markers were established，it was clarified that the area has a good prospect for exploration，and the exploration target areas were delineated.
    Ore-controlling Factors and Ore-prospecting Marks of Xiaojiazu Iron Deposit in Eshan County， Yunnan Province
    PENG Xingyu ZHOU Yu ZHENG Yizhou
    2026, 42(02):  177-180. 
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    The Xiaojiazu iron mining area is located in the intersection part of southern-northern tec⁃ tonic system and north-west structural belt in Sichuan-Yunnan region. The fold fault and structure is devel⁃ oped in the area，so it has favorite ore-forming geological conditions. The article puts great emphasis on discussing the ore-controlling factors and ore genesis，based on the previous geological data，metallogenic geological background and geological characteristics of mining area. This research showed that the mining area developed fault structure，the fault crushing belt between Fuliangpeng section of Heishantou Forma⁃ tion and Dalongkou Formation，and the fault intersection zone are mainly ore-bearing position. The ore�bodies (mineralization) are occurred as vein-like and lenticular output. The main ore minerals are includ⁃ ing ironstone and magnetite. Besides，the ore minerals including ironcored mica，pyrolusite and pyrite. and gangue minerals are including quartz and barite，which developed as cryptocrystalline structure，nee⁃ dle-like morphology structure，laminar structure and resorption texture. The Xiaojiazu iron deposit are strictly controlled by stratum lithologic and fault structure，and the faults provide migration channel and host space for deposit. Generally，the faults in mining area have the most significant affection to Xiaojiazu iron deposit. The ore genesis of Xiaojiazu iron deposit is belongs to metamorphic-hydrothermal type，and the structure intersection and typical surrounding rock alteration can be regarded as important ore-pros⁃ pecting marks.
    Deposit Genesis and Prospecting Marks of Danjinghe Iron Deposit in Zhangbei County， Hebei Province
    HU Yufeng
    2026, 42(02):  181-191，197. 
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    Danjinghe iron deposit is located in Daqinggou depression platform of the North China platform. The surface of mining area is composed of Neogene basalt and lake sediments construction，un⁃ derlying intrusive bodies during Hersinian of Archaeozoic. To further clarify the relationship between depos⁃ it and stratum lithologic，and check up the key mineralization function and restricting mechanism，the geo⁃ logical characteristics，metallogenic conditions and ore genesis have systematically studied，based on the field geological work. The research shows that Danjinghe iron ore (mineralization) are mainly controlled by contract zone of magmatic rock and marble，which occurring in stratiform-like forms. The Dangjinghe iron deposit belongs to typical contact-replacement-skarn type deposit，and the skarn minerals include diop⁃ side，calcite and termolite. The multi-layer marble in lower part of Taipingzhuang Formation in Hongqiy⁃ ingzi Group regard as mother rock for mafmatic rock. The magmatic activity of Caijiaying fracture zone has characterized by strong-frequent activities，the regional fault and secondary fault provided migration chan⁃ nel，which developed sodium-diopside skarn belt and iron ore during migration process. The Danjinghe de⁃ posit has strict metallogenic specialization，and contact zone between mica-bearing monzonitic granite and marble，skarinizaiton can be regard as significant ore indicators.
    Research on the Ore-controlling Characteristics of the Structure Around the Niukong-Huangcaoling Fault in Lyuchun County
    ZHANG Yuan, LIU Wei, WEI Yu, CUI Wendong, LI Jinsheng, LI Junjun, ZHANG Xiong,
    2026, 42(02):  185-191，197. 
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    As the core ore-controlling structure in the southern section of the Ailao Mountain gold mineralization belt，the Niukong-Huangcaoling Fault in Lyuchun County dominates the spatial distribution pattern of regional gold-polymetallic deposits. Through field observation，microscopic structure analysis and comprehensive mineralistic-geochemical research，the study systematically analyzed the structural ore-controlling mechanism of the fault zone. Research shows that the ore-controlling structure within the area presents a "three-level structural ore-controlling" model. The primary structure is composed of the northwest-oriented Niukong-Huangcaoling Fault and the Niugong-Datao Fault，which control the overall spatial distribution of the deposit in the study area. Under the drive of the northwest-southeast strike-slip stress field，secondary tensile faults develop in the enthroning area，providing a dominant migration chan⁃ nel and reservoir space for ore-forming fluids. The three-level conjugate joint system controls the shape of the ore body by adjusting the local stress field. The results of geochemical analysis show that the secondary structural fracture zone has gold mineralization anomalies，and the pyridine-silicification alteration has a strong correlation with gold mineralization anomalies，which can be used as a prospecting marker. By sys⁃ tematically determining the structural sequence and clarifying the 3D spatial configuration relationship of ore guiding，ore blending and ore storage structures，the accuracy of ore body positioning and prediction can be effectively improved.
    Geological Characteristics and Metallogenic Regularity of the Fluorite Mine in Baishizui， Henan Province
    LI Meng DU Xueliang ZENG Yunpeng
    2026, 42(02):  192-197. 
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    The Baishizui Fluorite Mine is located within the Xiaoqinling-Funiu Mountain fluorite mineralization subbelt on the southern margin of the North China Block，and the mineralization conditions are relatively good. Studying the geological characteristics and mineralization laws of this deposit can point out the direction of mineral exploration and provide detailed geological data for the exploration of similar deposits in the Fangcheng fluorite concentration area in the future. The fluorite ore body in this area is hid⁃ den in the shallow cover of the Quaternary loess. Through the collection of regional geological data and com⁃ prehensive research，surface geological surveys of the adjacent Liuying mining area were carried out. The ore-bearing layers of the fluorite ore body，the relationship between the ore body and analyse the surround⁃ ing rock，as well as the physical parameters of the ore body and the surrounding rock were summarized. By using the working method of geophysical exploration time domain electrical method，the mineralization tar⁃ get area was delineated in this area and verified by geological drilling. The results show that by applying the comprehensive method of "geology + geophysical exploration + drilling verification"，good mineral ex⁃ ploration effects have been achieved in this area，and the structural framework and the location of ore�bearing bodies in the controlling area of the Baishizui Fluorite Mine have been basically clarified. After an⁃ alyzing and summarizing the geological features，mineralization laws and the genesis of the deposit in this area，it is believed that the ore body is in the form of discontinuous veins and lenses，and is located in the contact zone around the Niuxinshan rock mass of the Yanshanian period. The source of the ore-forming ma⁃ terials is closely related to the black cloud secondary feldspar granite of Niuxinshan and the marble of the Nannihu Formation of Luanchuan Group. The ore-controlling layer is the interlayer fracture between carbo⁃ naceous schist and marble，and the tectonic ore-controlling effect is obvious. Carbonaceous schist and mar⁃ ble are the prospecting indicators of this area. The formation of fluorite deposits is due to medium and low�temperature hydrothermal filling type deposits.
    Geological Characteristics and Prospecting Markers of the Lujiba Copper-Cobalt Deposit in the Likasi-Kompov Mining Concentration Area of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
    LIU Luquan SHEN Zhongyi GUAN Liyao LIU Jian
    2026, 42(02):  198-202. 
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    The Lujiba copper-cobalt deposit is located in the Katanga copper-cobalt mineralization belt within the Congolese（DRC）- Zambia mineralization domain. This area has undergone multiple stages of tectonic-overlying movements，forming a complex tectonic pattern and accompanied by the occurrence of a large number of layered and quasi-layered deposits. The deposit is mainly located in the Luo′an Group clastic rock-carbonate formation in the lower part of the Katanga Supergroup and has significant layer-con⁃ trolled characteristics. To clarify the metallogenic regularity and stages of the deposit，through a detailed analysis of the regional metallogenic characteristics and geological features of the deposit，the mineral char⁃ acteristics of the ore and the prospecting indicators were systematically determined. The results show that the ore (mineralized) mainly occurs in the R2 siliceous dolomite and sandy dolomite of the Luo ′an Group mining group，and is produced in layered and quasi-layered forms. The mining area structure inherits the regional structural characteristics. The folding structure and the concurrent strike faults control the spatial distribution of the ore-bearing strata. The secondary structures formed later provide migration channels and ore-bearing space for the ore-bearing hydrothermal fluid. The ore - (mineralized) strata are strictly con⁃ trolled by the strata and structure. The main ore minerals in the deposit are malachite and chalcocite，with a small amount of natural copper，porphyrite，chalcocite，etc. The mineralization period of the deposit can be divided into four stages of the initial mineralization period，the main mineralization period，the hydro⁃ thermal modification period and the surface enrichment period. The Lujiba copper-cobalt deposit is a lay⁃ er-controlled deposit that has undergone multiple tectonic，hydrothermal superposition and metamorphic modifications. The lithology，structure，typical minerals and other characteristic features of the strata are all exploration indicators for similar deposits.
    Experimental Study of the Preparation of Adsorption-type Pellets by Mixing Various Iron Tailings
    HUANG Yong
    2026, 42(02):  203-206，212. 
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    To enhance the comprehensive utilization value of iron tailings and broaden their resource utilization pathways，different types of iron tailings were blended as the main raw material for preparing ad⁃ sorption-type ceramsite materials. Through orthogonal experimental design and performance testing analy⁃ sis，it was found that the mechanical properties of most iron tailings ceramsite met the requirements of the "Water Treatment Artificial Ceramsite Filter Material" (CJ/T 299—2008) (sum of breakage rate and wear rate ≤ 6%)，and the removal rates of Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺ were both higher than 80%，with stable removal effi⁃ ciency. The results showed that when the content of high-calcium-magnesium iron tailings in the blended raw materials was higher，the ceramsite exhibited more excellent mechanical properties. Conversely，when the content of high-aluminum iron tailings containing sulfur was higher，the removal efficiency of Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺ further improved，with removal rates reaching over 90%. The research findings provide experimental evidence for the high-content resource utilization of iron tailings and their application in treating heavy metal-polluted water bodies through the "waste-to-treat-waste" approach.
    Study on Purification Technology of Complex Cyanidation Barren Solution Based on Sulfidation Method
    JIANG Kaiwen LI Shoujiang LI Yonghao YANG Haijiang
    2026, 42(02):  207-212. 
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    Aiming at common issues in the gold smelting industry，such as the complex composition and high toxicity of cyanidation barren solution and the tendency of traditional treatment methods to cause sulfate accumulation，this paper systematically investigated the purification efficiency and resource recovery potential of the sulfurization process（sulfurization-acidification-recovery-recycling process）using high and low concentration cyanidation barren solutions from an enterprise as the subjects. By examining key control parameters（pH value，sodium hydrosulfide dosage，etc.）during the zinc and copper precipitation stages，the optimal process conditions were determined: for low-concentration barren solution，pH=7.0~7.3 in the zinc stage and pH=4.1~4.3 in the copper stage；for high-concentration barren solution，pH=6.0~6.8 in the zinc stage and pH=3.8~4.1 in the copper stage. The sodium hydrosulfide dosage was 105% of the mo⁃ lar amount of the target metal ions in both cases. The results showed that this process enables efficient selec⁃ tive recovery of copper and zinc. The recovery rates for zinc and copper in low-concentration cyanidation barren solution reached 92.5% and 98.2%，respectively，while those in high-concentration cyanidation barren solution were 72.7% and 97.8%，respectively. The resulting zinc sludge had a zinc grade >40%， and the copper sludge had a copper grade >45%，both of which could be directly sold to generate econom⁃ ic benefits. The core innovation of the process lies in the reaction pathway design，which effectively precip⁃ itates the sulfate ions introduced during the acidification stage as gypsum during the neutralization stage， thereby reducing the net sulfate increment in the system from 40 g/L in conventional acidification processes to 5 g/ L，fundamentally suppressing sulfate accumulation. This study provides an innovative solution for treating complex cyanidation barren solutions that simultaneously achieves resource recovery and system sa⁃ linity balance，offering significant engineering application value.
    Evaluation on Curtain Water-blocking Project and Grouting Effect for the Open-pit to Underground Transition in Xinqiao Sulfur-Iron Mine
    CHEN Bin WANG Yixia ZUO Konghui
    2026, 42(02):  213-218. 
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    To prevent rockfall water disasters and surface subsidence geological hazards caused by underground mining in the east wing of the Xinqiao Sulfur-Iron Mine during the process of open-pit to un⁃ derground mining, a vertical sealing curtain grouting project is implemented on the outer side of the east wing open-pit slope. This provided guarantees for the subsequent safe underground mining in the east wing. Based on the results of ground karst hydrogeological investigation, the distribution characteristics of karst development in the underground of the mining area were revealed. The grouting effect of the curtain is comprehensively evaluated from multiple aspects such as the grouting volume of each sequence of bore⁃ holes, water pressure tests, and changes in groundwater levels of observation holes outside the curtain. The results showed that the groundwater levels of the observation holes outside the curtain generally rose, the water-blocking effect was obvious, the water inflow in the curtain decreased significantly, indicating that the curtain effectively blocked the karst channels, and the water-blocking effect was remarkable. After the curtain was completed, it not only effectively ensured the safety of mining in the mine, saved a huge amount of drainage costs, but also prevented the occurrence of karst subsidence geological disasters in the mining area. The research results can provide technical references for the evaluation of water prevention and con⁃ trol curtain engineering effects in similar mines.
    Research and Application of Emergency Rescue Positioning and Video Monitoring System in Underground Coal Mines
    SUN Yu
    2026, 42(02):  219-222，228. 
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    Coal mines often adopt the KJ251 emergency rescue personnel positioning system. To ad⁃ dress the problems such as small signal coverage area，weak positioning signal，poor real-time perfor⁃ mance and lack of video monitoring function of the system，the issues existing in the personnel positioning system are analyzed from aspects such as positioning signal coverage，positioning accuracy and system functions. According to the actual needs underground，a rescue personnel positioning and video monitoring system based on wireless local area network data transmission technology was designed. This system utiliz⁃ es industrial ethernet for data transmission，underground video system collection，multi-base station data collection，and control by the ground centralized control station，thereby achieving functions such as under⁃ ground personnel location and three-dimensional picture display.The system also features personnel posi⁃ tioning trajectory query，real-time positioning，report storage query，multi-directional communication，hu⁃ man-machine interaction，and 3D animation imaging，among other advantages.Through the practical appli⁃ cation effect in Xiaoyu Coal Mine，it can be known that the personnel positioning error is controlled within 0.5~1.5 m，the positioning time is shortened to 2.4 s，the system failure rate is reduced to 5.2%，the annual maintenance cost of the system is reduced to 17 000 yuan，and the coverage radius of personnel position⁃ ing at a single base station is expanded to 320 m，which greatly improves the efficiency of emergency res⁃ cue in coal mines. Remarkable application results have been achieved.
    Research on the Support Technology of Deep Well Roadways Affected by the Stress Concentration of the Underlying Mined-out Area
    GAO Mingliang LI Shouyu
    2026, 42(02):  223-228. 
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    The underlying mined-out area will form a significant stress concentration zone in the overlying rock layer，adversely affecting the stability of the upper roadway. Taking the bottom extraction roadway of a certain mine in Anhui Province as the engineering background，the FLAC3D numerical simula⁃ tion method was adopted to conduct a study on the stress concentration pattern of the underlying mined-out area on the bottom extraction roadway layer. In response to the stress distribution when the roadway passes through the top and bottom plates of the stress concentration zone，a secondary anchor bolt (cable) rein⁃ forcement support scheme was proposed，and the monitoring and verification of the roadway surrounding rock fragmentation and surface deformation were carried out. The results show that as the mining range of the underlying working face increases，the range and amplitude of the upper stress concentration zone con⁃ tinuously increase. After the complete mining of the working face，a stress concentration zone with a stress concentration coefficient of approximately 3.5 is generated in the overlying roadway layer. The roadway bot⁃ tom plate bears the concentrated stress generated by the underlying mined-out area，while the top sur⁃ rounding rock shows a stress reduction zone. The complex stress distribution is very likely to cause local damage to the roadway. The field monitoring results indicate that after using the secondary anchor bolt (ca⁃ble) reinforcement support，the distribution density of the roadway surrounding rock fractures is low，and the final displacement of the top and bottom plates and both sides is 31 and 23 mm respectively，without any accidents such as roof leakage or roof collapse. The proposed secondary anchor bolt (cable) reinforce⁃ ment support method for the research on the support technology of deep well roadways affected by the stress concentration of the underlying mined-out area provides design basis and application reference for the roadway crossing the stress concentration zone.
    Research and Application of Efficient Dust Prevention Technology for Mine Transportation Roads
    CHEN Huamin LI Junjie LIN Yutong YOU Shaozhong ZHANG Chengjiao
    2026, 42(02):  229-233. 
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    In order to ensure the safety and sustainable development of the ecological environment in the mining area，aiming at the problem that the traditional mine road dust suppression technology is easy to fail under the condition of high frequency traffic of large tonnage mining truck，the efficient dust preven⁃ tion technology of mine transportation road is studied.Through the technical path of building dust suppres⁃ sion road + daily maintenance，the self-developed EXPL-1 dust suppressant is used as the binder and maintenance agent，and the dust suppression pavement is constructed through specific roadbed treatment， material mixing，paving and rolling，and pavement maintenance process. The dust suppression perfor⁃ mance and the characteristics of pavement engineering are systematically verified.The results show that the road surface can reduce the dust concentration by 74.4% compared with the traditional sprinkler section. Spraying low concentration dust suppressant twice a day can achieve continuous and effective dust suppres⁃ sion for 24 h. The road surface compaction degree is 95.2%，the friction coefficient is 0.47，and the water seepage coefficient is 0 mL/min，which has good road performance.The water consumption per unit (trans⁃ port distance × transport volume) is reduced by 93.2%，and the water-saving effect is remarkable. This technology provides an efficient，long-term and water-saving dust control solution for mine transportation roads，especially in arid and water-deficient and strong wind-sand mining areas.
    Optimization Design and Application of Cylindrical Sieve for Slag Separation of Large Particle Minerals
    LIU Kai, LEI Xiaolong, LIU Zhiliang,
    2026, 42(02):  234-239. 
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    In order to improve the screening efficiency and operation stability of large particle cylin⁃ drical screen in the treatment of high viscosity and low fluidity pulp，aiming at the problems of material ag⁃ glomeration，sieve hole blockage and poor slag discharge，which lead to the performance degradation of cylinder screen，the four-dimensional collaborative optimization of increasing effective screen surface， roller-gear shaftless drive，straight-through slag discharge and constant pressure flushing is carried out. Through the optimization of structural parameters，the force check of driving system and the analysis of screening dynamics，the utilization rate of screen surface is improved，the transmission load is homoge⁃ nized and the flow field of slag discharge is self-regulated.The industrial test results show that under the conditions of cylinder speed 3 r/min，sieve hole 4 mm and flushing water pressure ≥0.10 MPa，the average processing capacity of the equipment is 120 t/h，the screening efficiency is increased to 88.6%，the contin⁃ uous and stable operation of more than 1 000 h without blockage can be achieved，and the unit processing energy consumption is reduced by about 12%.The optimization scheme can effectively improve the classifi⁃ cation and desliming performance of the cylindrical screen under complex slurry conditions，and provide a releasabletheoretical basis and engineering reference for the design of efficient screening equipment for large particles and high viscosity slurry.
    Experiment and Production Practice of Recovery of Iron from Molybdenum Flotation Tailings in Henan
    YE Xianhua JIAO Qinghao
    2026, 42(02):  240-243. 
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    The iron grade of a molybdenum flotation tailings in Henan is 12.55%，with iron mainly oc⁃ curring in magnetic iron，accounting for a distribution rate of 66.85%，indicating potential recovery value. To enhance the comprehensive utilization of resources and reduce tailings stockpiling and environmental risks，beneficiation experiments and industrial practices for iron recovery from these tailings were conduct⁃ ed. Based on process mineralogy studies and conditional tests，a process flow of wet magnetic separation pre-concentration—tower grinding—one roughing and one cleaning magnetic separation was determined. The pre-concentration magnetic induction intensity was 500 mT，the tower grinding fineness was 90% pass⁃ ing 45 μm，the roughing magnetic induction intensity was 280 mT，and the cleaning magnetic induction in⁃ tensity was 150 mT. This achieved experimental results of iron concentrate with iron grade of 66.75% and re⁃ covery rate of 58.11%. In on-site production，the iron concentrate grade reached 65.56%，with recovery rate of 59.35% and SiO₂ content of 4.87%. This realized the efficient recovery of iron from low-grade molyb⁃ denum tailings，providing technical reference for the resource utilization of similar mine tailings.
    Research and Application of Intelligent Optimization Control Technology for Grinding Process in a Mine
    PENG Li WANG Xiaohou YI Jianlin
    2026, 42(02):  244-249. 
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    As a key step in mineral processing，the operational stability of grinding directly affects the recovery rate and concentrate grade of subsequent flotation operations. In response to issues such as sig⁃ nificant fluctuations in ore feed，low equipment efficiency，and high energy consumption in a 4 000 t/ d grinding-classification production line in a mine，applied research on intelligent optimization control tech⁃ nology for the grinding process was conducted. By establishing a three-layer closed-loop intelligent control system of "perception-decision-execution"，integrating four functional modules—intelligent feed control， intelligent mill regulation，intelligent classification management，and monitoring statistics—and combin⁃ ing hardware systems such as particle size analysis，vibration monitoring，and online detection of density and particle size，real-time monitoring and adaptive control of the entire grinding process were achieved. After the system was put into operation，the stability of key process parameters significantly improved. Ore feed fluctuations were controlled within ±10 t/h，the SAG mill density stabilized at 62%±1%，the qualified rate of flotation feed particle size increased to over 90%，and the specific power consumption of the SAG mill decreased from 5.45 kW·h/t to 5.33 kW·h/t，resulting in an annual electricity saving of approximately 158 400 kW·h. The study demonstrates that this intelligent optimization control system effectively enhanc⁃ es the stability，equipment utilization rate，and energy efficiency of the grinding process，providing a feasi⁃ ble technical pathway for the safe，efficient operation，and intelligent upgrading of similar mining grinding processes.
    Feasibility Study on Replacing Steel Forgings with Ceramic Balls in the Regrinding Stage of Copper-Sulfur Mixed Concentrate in a Concentrator
    WANG Junhao WANG Fei
    2026, 42(02):  250-253. 
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    In response to issues such as high grinding energy consumption，high media consump⁃ tion，and severe overgrinding caused by the use of steel forgings in the regrinding stage of a copper-sulfur mixed concentrate at a concentrator，a feasibility study was conducted on replacing steel forgings with ce⁃ ramic balls. By systematically analyzing the chemical composition，liberation characteristics，and particle size distribution of the cyclone underflow from the copper-sulfur mixed concentrate，the grinding perfor⁃ mance of ceramic balls and steel forgings under different filling rates，ratios，and grinding times was com⁃ pared，along with flotation contrast tests. The results showed that under the conditions of ceramic balls ra⁃ tio of m(ϕ30 mm)∶m(ϕ20 mm)∶m(ϕ15 mm) = 30%∶40%∶30%，average ball diameter of ϕ22 mm，and filling rate of 40%，the grinding efficiency of ceramic balls was superior to that of steel forgings. When the same grinding fineness (- 75 μm accounting for 72%) was achieved，the grinding time was reduced by 15.38%，the total media weight decreased by 39.49%，and energy consumption was only 51.20% of that of steel forgings，with overgrinding reduced by 0.89%. In flotation tests，the copper recovery in the copper concentrate from the ceramic ball grinding product increased by 21.48 percentage points compared to steel forging grinding，while the sulfur grade and recovery in the sulfur concentrate improved by 2.28 and 11.82 percentage points，respectively. Additionally，the amount of middlings decreased significantly，which is beneficial for improving separation efficiency and process stability in industrial production. The study dem⁃ onstrates that replacing steel forgings with ceramic balls offers significant technical and economic advantag⁃es，and the findings can provide a reference for industrial applications.