Abstract: During the long-distance tunneling process in deep underground mines，the instability of surrounding rocks caused by complex geological conditions poses a serious threat to mine safety. Based on this，taking Yuneng Rudong Coal Mine in GuizhouProvinceas the research object，a research method com⁃ bining theoretical analysis，numerical simulation and on-site monitoring was adopted to establish a dy⁃ namic equation for surrounding rocks considering the disturbance during tunneling. Using the FLAC3D soft⁃ ware，a three-dimensional numerical model was constructed and a refined grid was divided. By setting up multiple displacement sensors at key parts of the tunnel，the vertical and horizontal displacements of the surrounding rocks were monitored in real time. Finally，combined with the geological radar scanning，the stability characteristics of the surrounding rocks during the tunneling of the mine shaft were analyzed，pro⁃ viding a safety control basis for the tunneling engineering of deep underground mines and reducing the risks of mine shaft collapse and wall collapse. The research results show that during the tunneling of deep underground mines，for the vertical displacement of the surrounding rocks，the fluctuations at each moni⁃ toring point along the axial length of 0~10 m are small; along the axial length of 10~50 m，monitoring point A is disturbed and the deformation is significant; along the axial length of 40~50 m，the peak value reaches 23 mm，and monitoring points B and C have relatively smaller displacement growth. For the hori⁃ zontal displacement of the surrounding rocks，along the axial length of 0~15 m，the growth of each point is slow; along the axial length of 15~40 m，monitoring point B is disturbed greatly，with a peak value of approximately 13 mm，and monitoring points C is second，while monitoring point A is less affected. The overall deformation of the surrounding rocks during the tunneling process of the mine shaft is always lower than 5.88 mm，indicating that the stability of the rock structure meets the construction requirements.

Key words: deep underground mines, long-distance tunnels and alleys, surrounding rock stability, excavation power equation, displacement monitoring