关键词: 矿山酸性废水, 重金属污染, 资源化利用, 生态修复

Abstract: In order to systematically clarify the pollution nature of acid mine drainage (AMD) and pro⁃ mote the upgrading of treatment mode to green，low-carbon and resource recycling，the formation mecha⁃ nism of AMD was firstly sorted out，and the limitations of traditional processes such as neutralization sedi⁃ mentation，coagulation flocculation and adsorption in terms of reagent consumption，sludge production，se⁃ lective removal and secondary pollution were comprehensively evaluated. Then，the technical advantages of combined processes such as grading neutralization，biological synergistic treatment and constructed wet⁃ land were summarized，and the mechanism of metal stepwise precipitation，reducing lime dosage and sludge yield by segmented pH regulation was clarified. The functions of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) -mediated biological reduction process in simultaneous neutralization of acidity，promotion of heavy metal sulfide pre⁃ cipitation and reduction of solid waste were further explained. At the same time，the feasibility of recycling valuable metals (manganese，zinc，etc.) and the preparation of phosphorus adsorption materials from waste residue were evaluated. Finally，the practical value of the integrated strategy of comprehensive management and ecological restoration in the coordination of source blocking，process control，end purification and eco⁃ logical reconstruction was pointed out. It is difficult for a single technology to balance efficiency，economy and sustainability. The customized solution of multi-technology coupling，refined process control and re⁃ source recovery can significantly improve governance efficiency and environmental compatibility. According to the hydrogeological conditions and pollution pedigree of different mining areas，it is the key path to real⁃ize the scientific management and control of AMD and the sustainable ecological restoration of mining areas to construct an integrated management model with strong adaptability，low carbon and long-term effect.

Key words: Acid Mine Drainage（AMD）, heavy metal pollution, resource recovery, ecological restora? tion