废旧线路板综合回收利用技术研究进展*

为了提高电子固体废弃物等二次资源综合利用水平，针对目前废旧线路板存量大，增

速快的特点，以及暴力拆解、强酸浸出、污染严重、回收率低等问题，对其物理分选、火法处理、湿法处

理等技术手段进行了综述，并分析了不同工艺技术优缺点。最后指出，废旧线路板等电子固废应当

在高效拆解的基础上，使不同组分最大限度解离，再通过火法处理手段利用其中有机组分，通过湿法

处理技术回收其中有价金属，最终实现全组分回收以及过程中使用的药剂都循环利用的目的。废旧

线路板综合利用未来可在热解设备、新型萃取剂研发等方面进行更加深入的研究。

In order to improve the comprehensive utilization level of secondary resources such as elec⁃

tronic solid waste，and solve the problems of violent dismantling，acid leaching，severe pollution，low re⁃

covery rate on waste printed circuit boards with characteristics of large inventory and fast growth rate.Re⁃

views were conducted on the technologies of physical sorting，pyrometallurgical treatment，and wet treat⁃

ment，also the advantages and disadvantages of different process technologies were analyzed. Finally，it was

pointed out that electronic solid waste such as waste printed circuit boards should be efficiently disassem⁃

bled to maximize the dissociation of different components，and then the organic components should be uti⁃

lized through pyrometallurgical treatment. Valuable metals could be recovered through wet treatment tech⁃

nology，ultimately achieving the goal of full component recovery and the recycling of chemicals used in the

process. The comprehensive utilization of waste printed circuit boards can be further studied in areas such as

pyrolysis equipment and the development of new extractants in the future.

1. Zhengzhou Institute of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources;2. China National Engineering Re⁃

search Center for Utilization of Industrial Minerals;3. Key Laboratory for Polymetallic Ores′ Evaluation and

Utilization，MNR; 4. Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Gold Resource in Henan Province

摘要：

为了提高电子固体废弃物等二次资源综合利用水平，针对目前废旧线路板存量大，增

速快的特点，以及暴力拆解、强酸浸出、污染严重、回收率低等问题，对其物理分选、火法处理、湿法处

理等技术手段进行了综述，并分析了不同工艺技术优缺点。最后指出，废旧线路板等电子固废应当

在高效拆解的基础上，使不同组分最大限度解离，再通过火法处理手段利用其中有机组分，通过湿法

处理技术回收其中有价金属，最终实现全组分回收以及过程中使用的药剂都循环利用的目的。废旧

线路板综合利用未来可在热解设备、新型萃取剂研发等方面进行更加深入的研究。

关键词:

废旧线路板有价组分回收物理分选火法处理湿法处理

Abstract: