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现代矿业 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (02): 162-166.
非洲铜钴矿床主要分布于赞比亚—刚果（金）铜矿带，具有储量大、品位高、矿石性质复
杂等特点，这些铜钴矿石按氧化程度与脉石矿物的特性差异，可分为原生硫化铜钴矿石、低钙混合铜
钴矿石、高钙混合铜钴矿石、低钙氧化铜钴矿石和高钙氧化铜钴矿石，指出应根据矿石氧化率、脉石
矿物的类型（对于碱性脉石矿物必须关注Ca、Mg含量）、矿石中铜钴矿物的赋存状态、金属回收率及
加工成本等因素确定其开发利用工艺，并列举了这5类代表性矿石的生产工艺及生产指标。概括说，
除低钙氧化铜钴矿石宜采用直接浸出工艺外，其余各类矿石均宜采用选冶联合工艺，但浮选工艺各
有特色。研究与生产实践表明，针对不同性质的矿石选用不同的选冶工艺，是获得理想分选指标的
关键。
The copper-cobalt deposits in Africa are mainly distributed in the Zambia-Congo (DRC)
copper belt，with the characteristics of large reserves，high grade and complex ore properties. These copper⁃
cobalt ores can be divided into primary sulfide copper-cobalt ore，low-calcium mixed copper-cobalt ore，
high-calcium mixed copper-cobalt ore，low-calcium oxide copper-cobalt ore and high-calcium oxide cop⁃
per-cobalt ore according to the degree of oxidation and the characteristics of gangue minerals. It is pointed
out that the development and utilization process should be determined according to the factors such as ore ox⁃
idation rate，type of gangue minerals (Ca and Mg content must be paid attention to for alkaline gangue miner⁃
als)，occurrence state of copper and cobalt minerals in ores，metal recovery rate and processing cost. The
production process and production indexes of these five types of representative ores are listed. In summary，
except for the low-calcium oxide copper-cobalt ore，the direct leaching process should be adopted，and the
other types of ore should adopt the beneficiation-metallurgy combination process，but the flotation process
has its own characteristics. The research and production practice show that the key to obtain the ideal separa⁃
tion index is to select different beneficiation and metallurgy processes for different types of ores.
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