In response to the current problems in the comprehensive management and control of intel⁃ ligent mines，such as the dispersion and fragmentation of multi-source data，and the reliance on manual experience for decision-making，which lead to low efficiency and insufficient accuracy，a data element�driven intelligent comprehensive management and control auxiliary decision-making system for mines has been constructed to enhance the scientific and intelligent levels of mine management and control. The re⁃ search utilizes data governance technology to integrate multi-source heterogeneous data such as mine pro⁃ duction，safety，equipment，and environment，develop a lake-warehouse integrated platform，and inte⁃ grate big data analysis，digital twin，GIS and other technologies，covering multi-dimensional decision�making models including risk early warning，production optimization，and equipment operation and main⁃ tenance. Based on the data-model-application architecture，an intelligent comprehensive management and control auxiliary decision-making system for mines was developed and applied in Jiangxi Dexing Copper Mine. The results show that the system has achieved full life cycle management of mine data，with an equipment failure prediction accuracy rate of 92%，production costs have been reduced by 4%，a 15% in⁃ crease in energy utilization rate，and a 20% improvement in overall operational efficiency. The in-depth empowerment of data elements can effectively break through the decision-making bottlenecks in the com⁃ prehensive management and control of intelligent mines，providing practical and feasible technical solu⁃ tions for the digital transformation of mines.

In order to cope with the current situation of decreasing high-grade mineral resources，aim⁃ ing at the problem of increasing crushing and grinding costs and beneficiation costs caused by the continuous development and utilization of low-grade mineral resources，the separation principle，structural characteris⁃ tics，process applicability and technical requirements of XRT intelligent pre-selection equipment are intro⁃ duced，and its process superiority and equipment characteristics are analyzed. The application status of XRT intelligent pre-selection technology in different minerals in China is summarized，and development suggestions are put forward for the development and application of this technology.The research results show that XRT photoelectric intelligent pre-selection，as a new pre-selection and discarding technology，has a good application effect in the pre-selection of non-ferrous metals such as tungsten，tin，antimonium and rare and precious metals. In the future，the application of XRT intelligent pre-selection technology for pre�selection and discarding of low-grade mineral resources before grinding will become an inevitable trend.

In order to analyze the stability of the stope in the mining process of a two-layer phosphate mine in Yichang，the upper ore layer Ph2 and the lower ore layer Ph1 are selected as the research objects. According to the strip filling mining method and the room-pillar subsequent waste rock filling mining meth⁃ od，Midas/GTS NX simulation software is used to analyze the displacement changes and stress distribution characteristics of the surrounding rock，pillar and filling body during the mining process of the two-layer ore body. The simulation results show that with the progress of mining，the displacement and stress evolution of the stope are basically the same，and the distribution range and value of the two are gradually increasing. Af⁃ ter the completion of the two-layer mining，the maximum displacement and tensile stress of the stope ap⁃ peared in the roof area，and the values are 2.63 mm and 2.26 MPa，respectively，indicating that the mining caused the roof subsidence. The maximum compressive stress of the stope appears on both sides of the origi⁃ nal ore ( rock ) and around the stope point column，which is 33.56 MPa. When the filling is completed，the maximum compressive stress is reduced to 22.78 MPa，indicating that the filling body has played a very good role in supporting the stope. The analysis shows that the stress of surrounding rock，point pillar and fill⁃ ing body does not reach its failure strength，and no plastic failure occurs，and the whole stope is in a stable state. The research results provide some theoretical and practical guidance for the mining of similar phos⁃ phate mines.

Aiming at the problem that the deformation of the goaf and the surrounding rock strata may affect the construction of the main shaft of the mine，FLAC3D numerical simulation software is used to simu⁃ late the deformation of area near the proposed main shaft. Through the numerical simulation results，the de⁃ formation caused by the surrounding environment after the completion of the wellbore is evaluated whether it is within the allowable range of the state，and the plastic deformation zone formed by the goaf around the shaft and the plastic zone generated during the construction of the main shaft are analyzed，whether there is an overlap. The results show that the deformation of the main shaft caused by rock movement is within the al⁃ lowable range of the state. However，in the absence of filling treatment，the plastic deformation area near the goaf at 114 m and 125 m elevations overlaps with the plastic deformation area near the main shaft，so it is necessary to fill the goaf. Furthermore，the numerical simulation software is used to simulate the situation after filling. The results show that the plastic deformation area of the shaft and the goaf no longer overlaps af⁃ ter filling，which provides a certain reference value for the actual construction.

A large open-pit mine is affected by blasting vibration，the progress of the northern slope of the stope is lagging behind，the eastern orchard is difficult to move，and the slope stability is poor. There are many ore bodies pressed by the rock in the stope，and the deep ore resources cannot be effective⁃ ly released. In order to further reduce the damage of blasting vibration to the slope，improve the ore supply capacity of the stope and ensure the safe production，the numerical simulation of the pre-splitting hole vi⁃ bration reduction of the slope and the implementation of various slope corner boundary blasting technical schemes are carried out. The regional blasting vibration is effectively reduced and the blasting effect is im⁃ proved. By accelerating the advancement of the open-pit slope boundary of the stope，favorable conditions are created for multi-bench simultaneous operation. The optimization and relocation of the roads in the east and west sides of the stope are carried out，and the layout and slope optimization of the roads in the stope are realized. Some roads are permanently finalized，releasing a lot of working space for the production of the stope.Through the optimization and improvement of the above series of technologies, the production sta⁃ bility of the short-term ore supply in the footwall of the stope and the optimized production of the east and west sides is guaranteed, which further provides a choice space for the rational ore blending of the stope and creates favorable conditions for the optimizing production layout of the mine stope.

Because of low strength of coal seam and its own roof and floor，the mining of“three soft” coal seam is easy to cause strong mine pressure phenomenon，which leads to severe overburden movement. In order to study the movement law of overlying strata in the mining process of“three soft”coal seam，the 3505 working face of“three soft”coal seam in Shanyang Coal Mine is taken as the research object，and the subsidence and caving law of overlying strata under the mining condition of“three soft”coal seam is obtained by means of similar simulation test and numerical simulation calculation. At the same time，based on distributed optical fiber，the strain law of overburden rock under the condition of“three soft”coal seam mining is studied，and it is concluded that there is a positive correlation between overburden rock failure and optical fiber strain，which confirms the relationship between overburden rock collapse and strain after working face mining. The results show that the“three soft”coal seam in the early stage of mining，the over⁃ lying rock movement is severe，and the degree of damage is higher than that in the middle stage of mining and the full mining period. Both the similarity simulation and the numerical simulation show that in the pro⁃ cess of advancing the working face to 0~120 cm，the weighting step of the overburden rock is short，and the subsidence of the overburden rock is large，showing severe overburden rock collapse and subsidence. At the same time，the distributed optical fiber has a high strain peak at 0~120 cm，and the corresponding mining process has high pressure strength and complete fracture development. When mining 120~260 cm， the strain curve gradually decreases and tends to be stable，which confirms the failure of the overburden mining stage.

In order to improve the grouting effect of waterproof curtain under complex low permeability geological conditions，based on the typical low permeability strata in a mining area，On the basis of summa⁃ rizing the construction principle and technical characteristics of membrane bag grouting method，the distri⁃ bution characteristics and permeability differences of different strata such as sand layer and soft rock in the mining area are fully considered.And the construction process flow including the key links such as hole com⁃ ponent structure，measuring hole making，grouting component lowering，membrane bag sealing and segment⁃ ed grouting is designed. The field membrane bag grouting test is carried out. The test results show that the membrane bag grouting construction method can flexibly set the size，number and position of the membrane bag，and can reasonably divide the grouting section according to the actual engineering requirements. It has the advantages of wide application range，material saving and environmental protection，high construction ef⁃ ficiency and low cost，which makes up for the shortcomings of traditional compaction grouting technology. The membrane bag grouting method is easy to appear layering phenomenon in the low permeability sand lay⁃ er and soft rock，and the applicability is poor.When grouting in the complex strata of the mining area，the method of low pressure slow injection and intermittent multiple grouting should be adopted，and the grouting flow should not be higher than 2 m³ /h.

In order to study the stability of the goaf in a mine，the MAPTEK SR3 three-dimensional laser scanner is used to detect the goaf comprehensively and accurately，and the three-dimensional solid model of the goaf is established. On the basis of engineering geological investigation and indoor rock me⁃ chanics test in goaf，the stability coefficient and hydraulic radius of goaf are calculated by Mathews graph⁃ ic method，and the stress，displacement，plastic zone size and distribution of surrounding rock and pillar in goaf are analyzed by numerical simulation method. The results show that the hydraulic radius values of each partition in the goaf are all within the stable area. The vertical displacement and horizontal displace⁃ ment values of surrounding rock and pillar in the goaf are at a low level. The stress concentration area and plastic failure area are mainly distributed in the surface rock mass of roof and pillar，which may lead to roof and pillar falling or local dangerous rock mass collapse，but it has little effect on the overall stability of roof and pillar. The stability of the mined-out area is good，and the possibility of pillar instability and the overall collapse of the mined-out area is low. The research results provide technical support for mine safety production management and goaf management design.

The existing empty roadways within the working face significantly increase the technical dif⁃ ficulty of coal mining. Based on the geological data of the 5206 working face of Kaichuan Coal Mine，a nu⁃ merical calculation model is established using FLAC3D to analyze the stress distribution and deformation law of the surrounding rock of the empty roadway along with the mining movement of the working face. The stabil⁃ ity of the roof structure passing through the empty roadway in the working face is studied through theoretical analysis. The results show that the advanced stress concentration always occurs within 10~20 m in front of the coal wall of the working face. When the working face is 10 m away from the empty roadway，the impact of the mining movement of the working face on the surrounding rock of the empty roadway increases rapidly. From this time until the working face is fully connected，it will cause the manifestation of strong mine pres⁃ sure in the working face. The mining movement of the working face has the least impact on the bottom drum of the empty roadway and the greatest impact on the subsidence of the roof. The two sides of the empty road⁃ way show asymmetric failure，which is manifested as the approach of the working face side of the empty road⁃ way being much greater than that of the solid coal side. After calculation，the minimum support strength of the filling body required for the stability of the surrounding rock in the empty roadway is 1.24 MPa. Com⁃ bined with the laboratory test results，it is determined that the water-cement ratio of the high-water material filling is 4∶1. The on-site monitoring results showed that no abnormal pressure is observed on the support during the period when the working face passed through the empty roadway，and the filling body could effec⁃ tively support the roof to ensure the smooth mining of the working face.

An iron-zinc mine was originally mined by non-pillar sublevel caving method. The third phase of the project needs to be expanded，and its mining method needs to be determined. Combined with the geological conditions of the mine，three methods of non-pillar sublevel caving method，sublevel drilling stage open stoping with subsequent filling mining method and large-diameter deep hole stage ore removal with subsequent filling mining method are selected. By comparing and analyzing the advantages and disad⁃ vantages，technical and economic indicators of the three mining schemes，the sublevel drilling stage open stoping with subsequent filling mining method and the non-pillar sublevel caving method are optimized. The optimized schemes are compared and demonstrated from the three dimensions of safety，production connec⁃ tion，ecology and social benefits. The research results show that the remaining production years of the mine are limited，and the ore body is pinched out downward. The use of the non-pillar sublevel caving method will not increase the range of the moving circle. On the contrary，the sublevel drilling stage open-stope sub⁃ sequent filling method is prone to the problem of one-step unroofing and two-step roof hanging collapse. In terms of production connection，the caving method can meet the production demand of 1.35 million t/a，and there is no production connection problem，while the sublevel drilling stage open field subsequent filling method needs to arrange three middle sections to meet the production demand，and it takes 3~4 years to reach the production. In terms of ecology，the caving method has little influence on the surface outside thecollapse pit and completes the corresponding reclamation，and the slope is monitored accordingly，while the mine filling method has the problem of water intake. In terms of social benefits，the net profit of the caving method is 151.186 1 million yuan more than that of the filling method. Finally，it is considered that the pil⁃ larless sublevel caving method is the best choice for the mine at this stage.

At present，domestic coal mines mainly adopt the combined support of bolting and shot⁃ crete and steel arch support. The traditional bolting and shotcrete support is a passive support method. The initial support structure of the support can not play a supporting role quickly，resulting in a large unloading deformation of the broken surrounding rock. In order to increase the support force at the initial stage of sup⁃ port，improve the integrity of broken coal and rock mass，and reduce the unloading deformation of surround⁃ ing rock，a physical and mechanical test was designed in combination with the size，geological conditions and support methods of the roadway in Changcun Coal Mine. The stability of roadway under different work⁃ ing conditions is studied by means of material preparation，excavation and support. The stress and deforma⁃ tion of surrounding rock are monitored by XTDP photogrammetry system and stress sensor，and the support⁃ ing effect of non-supporting，conventional steel arch support and adaptive steel arch support is quantitative⁃ ly analyzed by surrounding rock deformation. Through the practical application in the field，it is proved that the adaptive steel arch support structure can effectively restrain the initial deformation of broken surround⁃ ing rock and reduce the final damage degree of surrounding rock，which provides new ideas and methods for the problem of large deformation support in underground coal mine.

In order to efficiently recover the valuable metals of copper and cobalt in a high-cobalt copper oxide ore from Congo（DRC），aiming at the problems of low recovery of copper and cobalt and high acid consumption in the treatment of high-cobalt copper-cobalt oxide ore by direct reduction acid leaching process，a step-by-step sulfuric acid leaching test of sulfuric acid leaching copper first and then reduction leaching cobalt is carried out. The effects of grinding fineness，liquid-solid ratio，sulfuric acid dosage， leaching time and reducing agent dosage on the leaching effect of copper and cobalt are systematically stud⁃ ied.The results show that under the conditions of grinding fineness of -0.074 mm72%，liquid-solid ratio of 4∶1，leaching time of 4 h，sulfuric acid dosage of 126.22 kg/t，sodium metabisulfite dosage of 60 kg/t， the copper-cobalt raw ore of copper content of 3.93%，cobalt content of 1.88%，copper oxidation rate of 93.38% adopts step-by-step acid leaching process，and 96.87% copper leaching rate and 96.17% cobalt leaching rate are obtained. The net acid consumption of the ore is 1 399.33 kg/t. The obtained copper and cobalt leaching rate is high，the acid consumption is low，and the comprehensive recovery effect of the tar⁃ get mineral is good.

In order to reduce the water absorption of phosphogypsum-based ceramsite and provide support for its practical application in engineering，dehydrated phosphogypsum，red mud，blast furnace slag powder and type II anhydrous gypsum are used as the main raw materials，and sodium bicarbonate foaming agent is added. The effects of hydrophobic agent type，addition method，dosage gradient and steam curing temperature on the water absorption performance of ceramsite are systematically investigated. The preparation process is optimized by orthogonal test，and the microstructure evolution mechanism of ce⁃ ramsite is characterized by XRD and SEM/EDS analysis.The test results show that the effect significance of each factor on the 24 h water absorption of ceramsite is steam curing temperature > hydrophobic agent type > dosage gradient > addition method. Under the optimal process parameters of internal mixing 0.3% anti-permeability microcrystalline waterproofing agent and steam curing temperature of 100 °C，the water absorption of ceramsite in 24 h decreases to 19.8%，and the bulk density reaches 679 kg/m3 . XRD analysis shows that the hydrophobic agent can promote the reaction of phosphogypsum with the active components in mineral powder and red mud，generate dense phases such as ettringite (AFt) and hydrated calcium sili⁃ cate (C-S-H) gel，fill pores and reduce connectivity.SEM/EDS analysis confirms that the ceramsite forms a “hydrophilic-hydrophobic gradient pore structure”，the micron-sized macropores maintains the water ab⁃ sorption channel，and the submicron-sized micropores forms a Mo/Ti oxide hydrophobic film layer due to the modification of the hydrophobic agent，which synergistically inhibits the water retention. The phase composition and pore structure are synergistically regulated by the hydrophobic agent，and the effective control of the water absorption rate of the phosphogypsum-based ceramsiteis achieved.

In order to efficiently develop and utilize Shidonggou ultra-poor vanadium-titanium mag⁃ netite，aiming at the problems of multi-element symbiosis，complex embedding relationship and difficult comprehensive utilization of resources，green precision separation and multi-element cascade recovery ex⁃ periments are carried out.Through the analysis of ore properties and multi-process comparative tests，the occurrence state and associated relationship of useful minerals in the ore are clarified，and a new process of iron，titanium，phosphorus cascade recovery is established. Finally，iron concentrate with yield of 5.57%，iron grade of 65.11% and iron recovery of 25.83%，titanium concentrate with yield of 4.80%， TiO2 grade of 45.51% and TiO2 recovery of 55.72%，and phosphate concentrate with yield of 5.51%，P2O5 grade of 35.89% and P2O5 recovery of 80.72% are obtained. The dual goals of maximizing the utilization rate of iron，phosphorus and titanium resources and comprehensive utilization of tailings resources are real⁃ ized，which provides technical support and engineering paradigm for the clean and efficient development and utilization of the same type of multi-element intergrowth mineral.

In order to efficiently recover the valuable metals in a refractory sulfur-oxygen mixed cop⁃ per-cobalt ores，a systematic flotation process and reagent system optimization test are carried out to solve the problem of low separation efficiency caused by complex mineral embedding，coexistence of sulfur and oxygen，and high content of high calcium and magnesium carbonate gangue.The test results show that un⁃ der the optimum test conditions of grinding fineness of -0.074 mm 63%，pH value regulator CaO dosage of 500 g/t，oxide mineral vulcanizing agent NaHS dosage of 250 g/t，combined collector SIBX + PAX dosage （100 + 300）g/t，auxiliary collector Z-200 dosage of 30 g/t and 2# oil dosage of 20 g/t，the closed-circuit test is carried out by using two roughing，one scavenging and two cleaning processes. Finally，a copper-co⁃ balt mixed concentrate with copper grade of 25.86%，cobalt grade of 0.87%，copper recovery of 89.27% and cobalt recovery of 77.22% is obtained，which can provide data support for the development and utilization of sulfur-oxygen mixed copper-cobalt ore resources.

The grades of copper and sulfur in a low-grade copper-sulfur ore are 0.45% and 18.26%， respectively. The main sulfides are chalcopyrite，covellite，pyrite，pyrrhotite，etc.，and the content of mud⁃ ding gangue minerals is as high as 21.00%，which belongs to low-grade complex refractory copper ore.In or⁃ der to reduce production costs，improve resource utilization efficiency，and reduce environmental pollution， based on the study of ore properties，a low-alkali copper separation process is used for experimental re⁃ search.The results show that the copper concentrate with copper grade of 18.14% and copper recovery of 89.64%，the magnetic sulfur concentrate with sulfur grade of 31.96% and sulfur recovery of 28.68%，and the floating sulfur concentrate with sulfur grade of 48.39% and sulfur recovery of 62.32% are obtained by the whole process closed-circuit test of low-alkali copper separation process. The total sulfur recovery is 91.00%，which is similar to the technical index of high-alkali copper-sulfur separation process in the field. The dosage of lime and sulfuric acid is significantly reduced，and the cost of beneficiation reagents and the risk of safety and environmental protection are reduced，which provides a technical basis for the transforma⁃ tion of clean and efficient copper-sulfur separation process.

In order to efficiently recover valuable elements from a sulfur thermal filter residue in Inner Mongolia，a systematic process mineralogy study is carried out on the problems of unclear material composi⁃ tion and occurrence state，complex mineral dissemination relationship and so on.The results show that the grade of S，Pb，Zn and Ag in the slag is 69.94%，4.10%，5.30% and 172.00 g/t，respectively，which are the main valuable elements for recovery.Among them，sulfur mainly exists in the form of elemental sulfur （80.02%），and 8.99% of sulfur occurs in sulfides of copper，lead，zinc and iron，which is a secondary source of recovery.The characteristics of mineral dissemination show that elemental sulfur is mostly wrapped in metal sulfide ore and closely associated with it，and a small part is adjacent structure. The particle size of elemental sulfur is relatively coarse（+75 μm accounts for 65.69%），while sulfides are mostly fine-ultrafine embedded. It is appropriate to use stage grinding-stage flotation process to enrich elemental sulfur and metal sulfides respectively.In addition，silver mainly occurs in lead minerals，and its direction should be consis⁃ tent with lead minerals. In view of the fact that copper，lead and zinc oxides account for 40%～70% of metal minerals and are different from the main gangue minerals（gypsum and anhydrite），the recovery of such met⁃ al oxides can be strengthened by gravity separation process.

In order to determine a reasonable beneficiation process for a fluorite mine in Jiangxi，a systematic process mineralogy and flotation test are carried out for the separation problemof fluorite and gangue minerals in the ore.The test results show that under the conditions of grinding fineness of -0.074 mm 70%，rough sodium carbonate dosage of 1 000 g/t，sodium silicate dosage of 1 500 g/t and oleic acid dos⁃ age of 200 g/t，the fluorite concentrate with CaF2 grade of 98.12% and CaF2 recovery of 93.02% is obtained by using a closed-circuit test process of one roughing，five cleaning and one scavenging.The concentrate quality meets the requirements of YB/T 5217-2019 super grade products.

In order to realize the efficient recovery of tin from a low-grade tin ore in Guangxi，ac⁃ cording to the properties of the raw ore，the process flow of jigging，spiral chute coarse and fine classifica⁃ tion tailings discarding-shaking table cleaning-flotation desulfurization-magnetic separation and impurity removal is studied.The spiral chute concentrate with tin grade of 0.83% and tin recovery of 73.19% can be obtained after jigging and spiral chute tailing discarding. The spiral chute concentrate is subjected to shak⁃ ing table cleaning，and the middle ore of the shaking table is reground and reselected. The final shaking ta⁃ ble concentrate with tin grade of 14.09% and raw ore recovery rate of 58.62% is obtained.Tin concentrate with tin grade of 45.09% and tin recovery of 48.78% can be obtained by flotation + magnetic separation im⁃ purity removal process. The magnetic material in the magnetic separation impurity removal operation needs to be reground and re-selected to further improve the tin recovery rate.The comprehensive whole process test adopts the process flow of pre-classification discarding tailings-rocking table gravity separation-rock⁃ ing table concentrate flotation desulfurization-magnetic separation to remove iron. The final high-grade tin concentrate with tin grade of 43.03% and tin recovery of 48.78% is obtained. The grade of medium grade tin concentrate is 16.58%，and the recovery rate of tin is 7.27%. The tin grade in the magnetic material is 3.43%，which can be used as low-grade tin concentrate with tin recovery of 2.33%. The total tin recovery rate of tin concentrate is 58.38%，and the tin grade in the total tailings is reduced to 0.078%，which real⁃ izes the efficient recovery of tin ore resources.

The high sulfur content in some batches of iron concentrate in Jianshan Iron Mine not only seriously affects the product quality，but also causes environmental pollution. In order to effectively control the sulfur content in iron concentrate powder，the occurrence state and process mineralogical properties of sulfur in Jianshan iron ores are systematically studied by means of electron probe，scanning electron micro⁃ scope and automatic quantitative analysis of minerals.The results show that the sulfides in iron ore are main⁃ ly in four types: disseminated，banded，fine veined and agglomerated，mainly pyrite，with a small amount of chalcopyrite and trace pyrrhotite. Some sulfides are in contact with or enwrapped with magnetite minerals. Most of the sulfur-containing minerals in the beneficiation process products are pyrite，with trace chalcopy⁃ rite and few other minerals. The monomer dissociation degree of sulfides is relatively high，and the sulfides entering the iron concentrate products are mainly produced in the form of monomers. The minerals most closely embedded with sulfides are magnetite，followed by quartz，hornblende，chlorite，etc.In each stage of the beneficiation process，the dissociation degree of sulfide in the concentrate product tends to increase，and the proportion of sulfide and magnetite intergrowth is high，showing a close relationship，while the propor⁃ tion of non-metallic minerals such as quartz gradually decreases. It shows that the embedded minerals such as quartz can be well removed by the beneficiation process，while it is difficult to effectively remove the mag⁃ netite intergrowth.

In order to determine the optimal crushing and grinding classification process of a copper mine in Congo（DRC），the ore characteristics and crushing and grinding parameters are analyzed. Under the condition of determining the particle size requirements of subsequent operations，detailed investment and technical and economic comparison of the three processes of coarse crushing + single-stage semi-au⁃ togenous grinding + high-frequency vibration fine screening closed-circuit classification，three-stage closed-circuit crushing + ore washing（wet washing）+ one-stage ball milling + high-frequency vibration fine screening closed-circuit classification，coarse crushing + pre-screening + medium crushing + inspec⁃ tion screening and fine crushing closed-circuit + ball milling + high-frequency vibration fine screening closed-circuit classification are carried out. Through data comparison，it is determined that coarse crush⁃ ing + single-stage semi-autogenous grinding + high-frequency vibration fine screening closed-circuit clas⁃ sification is the best crushing and grinding classification process flow of the ore. The process simplifies the process structure and avoids the risk of process blockage. The traditional gravity classification is replaced by geometric classification，which improves the classification accuracy and copper leaching rate，reduces the production cost，and can significantly improve the economic benefits of the enterprise.

A domestic molybdenum tailing is associated in low-grade magnetite，and the grade of iron concentrate is low in the recovery process. In order to improve the grade and recovery rate of iron concen⁃ trate，a detailed process mineralogy study is carried out on the molybdenum tailings.The results show that the iron grade in the sample is 6.93%，the content of harmful elements sulfur and phosphorus is low，and the impurity elements are mainly silicon and aluminum. Iron mainly exists in the form of magnetic iron，with a distribution rate of 44.96%，followed by iron silicate and hematite.The main useful iron mineral magnetite content is 4.34%，and the main gangue minerals feldspar and quartz content are 40.54% and 19.10% respec⁃ tively.The magnetite is mainly fine-grained and micro-fine-grained disseminated in the gangue base com⁃ posed of feldspar and quartz. The distribution rate of -0.04 mm particle size is 89.87%，and the distribution rate of -0.01 mm particle size is 38.42%. It is difficult for some micro-fine-grained magnetite to completely dissociate from gangue.When the grinding fineness is -0.03 mm 99%，the monomer dissociation degree of magnetite is 81.60%，in order to improve the monomer dissociation degree of magnetite，further fine grind⁃ ing should be carried out. According to the results of process mineralogy research，it is recommended that the tailings should adopt pre-throwing and stage grinding stage separation process.

In order to fully understand the properties of a molybdenum tailings roughing copper con⁃ centrate in Inner Mongolia and formulate a reasonable beneficiation process for subsequent copper recovery， chemical multi-element analysis，MLA and other technologies are used to study the mineral element compo⁃ sition，mineral phase，disseminated particle size，main mineral monomer dissociation degree and the rela⁃ tionship with other minerals.The results show that the sulfur content in the mineral is 36.20%，and the cop⁃ per content is 1.74%. Copper is mainly distributed in the sulfide phase，mainly in the form of chalcocite and chalcopyrite. The main copper minerals are fine in grain size，in which the content of -75 μm in chalcocite is 88.65%，and the content of -75 μm in chalcopyrite is 61.01%.The monomer content of the main copper minerals is low，of which the content of chalcocite monomer is 27.80%，and the content of chalcopyrite monomer is 12.90%. The analysis results of raw ore properties show that the key factors affecting copper re⁃ covery are the fine disseminated particle size of copper minerals and their complex association with pyrite. Subsequent separation can improve copper recovery by fine grinding.

In order to find a suitable crushing and grinding process for a large molybdenum mine in Ji⁃ angxi Province，according to the mine construction scale，ore properties，falling weight test and high pres⁃ sure roller test results，three kinds of crushing and grinding process of the SAB crushing and grinding pro⁃ cess of semi-autogenous grinding + ball milling，the conventional crushing and grinding process of medium crushing + fine crushing + screening + ball milling，and the high pressure roller crushing and grinding pro⁃ cess of medium crushing + closed dry screening + high pressure roller grinding + closed wet screening + ball milling are analyzed and studied. The comparison of project investment，operating cost and cost present val⁃ ue is carried out.Considering the research results，advantages and disadvantages of the three crushing and grinding processes，the current situation of the mine，construction conditions and development needs，it is recommended that the molybdenum mine adopt the SAB crushing and grinding process.

In order to shorten the settling time of pulp in a concentrator，the effects of different floc⁃ culants and dosages on the settling performance of pulp with different concentrations are tested.The test re⁃ sults show that the flocculant FN40H has excellent sedimentation performance in slurry sedimentation， which can significantly accelerate the sedimentation rate and increase the concentration of the bottom con⁃ centrated layer. At the same time，flocculant dosage，slurry concentration and other factors have a signifi⁃ cant impact on the sedimentation performance.Through the orthogonal test，it is found that 1 g/m3 FN40H flocculant can achieve efficient sedimentation of the pulp in the concentrator pulp with a concentration of 10%.

In order to find out the production status of the grinding and separation system in the con⁃ centrator and understand the rationality of the existing process flow and the production capacity of the key links，the process flow investigation and research are carried out.Through chemical analysis，particle size analysis，X-ray diffraction analysis（XRD）and other means，the properties of raw ore，the types and con⁃ tents of minerals in each process are analyzed，the operation status of each process is comprehensively di⁃ agnosed，and the production capacity of key links is verified.The results show that the pre-concentration effect before grinding is ideal，and the existing grinding process is reasonable. However，the load of the first stage mill is high，and the load of the second stage mill is low. The grinding fineness of the first stage mill can be appropriately reduced，and the concentration magnetic separator of the second stage mill be⁃ fore grinding needs to be replaced by a larger size.There is power redundancy in three-stage grinding，and ball mill or tower mill with smaller processing capacity can be replaced to reduce energy consumption and improve grinding effect.

In order to solve the problems of complex process flow，high cost of tailings treatment and high risk of core equipment failure in the separation process，the tower mill is used to replace the existing two-stage ball mill to optimize the two-stage grinding and separation process. The results of one-stage grinding test and two-stage elutriation test show that under the condition that the grinding fineness of one�stage magnetic separation concentrate is - 0.075 mm90%，the iron concentrate with total iron grade ≥ 64.50% can be obtained by one-stage tower mill + high efficiency magnetic separation + two-stage elutria⁃ tion process.In the industrial test，through the tests of steel ball installation amount，grinding concentra⁃ tion and optimization of classification process，it is determined that the optimum steel ball installation amount of tower mill is 120 t，the ore discharge concentration is 69.93%，and the ratio of 0.1 mm and 0.075 mm fine screen mesh is 30%∶30%. The grade of iron concentrate is stable at about 64.80%.Com⁃ pared with the original ball mill process，the concentrate grade of the tower mill process increases by 0.05 percentage points，the total tailings grade decreases by 0.20 percentage points，the product overgrinding phenomenon improves，and the metal recovery rate increases by 0.79 percentage points.

In order to explore the microseismic monitoring technology and stope stability analysis of underground metal mines，12 high-precision microseismic monitoring devices are designed and arranged in the middle section of the first mining，taking the soft-breaking and difficult-to-break mining body of Zhong⁃ guan Iron Mine as the research object. Among them，a total of 5 microseismic detectors are set at-170 m lev⁃ el，and the spacing of measuring points is about 170 m. A total of 7 micro seismic detectors are set at the lev⁃ el of -230 m，and the distance between measuring points is about 150 m，which can realize the full cover⁃ age of micro-seismic monitoring signals in the northern stope. The microseismic monitoring data are compre⁃ hensively analyzed from the aspects of the number of microseismic cumulative events and activity time histo⁃ ry，three-dimensional stability of rock mass，and stability of roof and floor of mine. The characteristics of microseismic activity and ground pressure activity are clarified，and the characteristics of precursor informa⁃ tion are analyzed and obtained. The results show that the microseismic activity of Zhongguan Iron Mine is mainly divided into two quiet periods and one active period. In the frequent stage of blasting and mining ac⁃ tivities，the rock mass is affected by excavation and blasting disturbance，and the internal micro-cracks ini⁃ tiate and expand. After the end of the concentrated ore falling，the microseismic activity still maintains a high level and has a gradual weakening trend. The curve trend shows relatively regular ups and downs. Dur⁃ ing the monitoring period，the overall rock mass stability is relatively stable，and large-scale rock mass in⁃ stability will not occur. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for safe and efficient operation of mines.

In order to ensure the safety of large-scale open-pit mining in Xiushan Limestone Mine， this study comprehensively uses a variety of techniques and methods to analyze the stability of the open-pit slope under natural conditions，saturated conditions and saturated + seismic conditions. The geological con⁃ ditions and structural plane characteristics of the slope are investigated by means of UAV，3D laser scanner and photogrammetry，and the rock mass parameters are determined by indoor rock physical and mechanical tests. The theoretical calculation and numerical simulation are carried out by using limit equilibrium method ( Slide software )，finite element analysis method ( Phase2 software ) and wedge failure analysis ( Swedge software ). At the same time，the results are verified by the data of slope monitoring points in the west area of the west stope. The research shows that the slope stability coefficient under the three working conditions is greater than the required value of the specification. The slope monitoring in the west area of the west stope shows no signs of deformation and is in a stable state，which is consistent with the calculation conclusion. The reliability of theoretical calculation and numerical simulation is verified，which provides guidance for mine slope stability management.

The stability of the south slope of an iron mine is affected by water accumulation in the adja⁃ cent southern pit. To elucidate the slope failure mechanism under the influence of water infiltration from the adjacent mine，a comprehensive methodology integrating engineering geological investigation，hydrogeologi⁃ cal analysis，rock mass mechanical testing，numerical simulation of seepage fields，and limit equilibrium analysis was employed. The stability of both the current and final slopes was systematically evaluated under various combinations of pit water levels and loading conditions. Results indicate that the safety factors of the current slope under all simulated water levels and load combinations meet regulatory requirements. Howev⁃ er，for the final slope，when the pit water level exceeds -22 m，the safety factor along the 1-1 section falls below the safety threshold. The analysis of the seepage field indicates that the rise in the water level of the mine pit will lead to the elevation of the slope infiltration line and the upward movement of the seepage points on the slope surface, significantly deteriorating the mechanical properties of the rock mass.Further FLAC3D numerical simulations show stress concentration at the slope toe，with plastic zones dominated by shear failure，albeit limited in extent，indicating a low probability of overall slope failure. This study ulti⁃ mately identifies -22 m as the critical safety threshold for the water level in the adjacent mine pit. The find⁃ings provide significant guidance for open-pit mine slope design and water hazard prevention in areas with similar hydrogeological conditions.

To grasp the deformation trend of the dam body and avoid the dam failure of the tailings pond，a displacement prediction model of the tailings dam based on N-BEATSx is constructed. Firstly，the original monitoring data is preprocessed. The Z-Score method is adopted to identify and eliminate outliers. The Savitzky-Golay filter is used to smooth the data with excluded outliers，and the missing data is filled in through the linear interpolation method to ensure the integrity of the data. Then，the influencing factors of dam body deformation were analyzed by using the Grey Relational Degree（GRA），and ten influencing fac⁃ tors such as temperature，time，reservoir water pressure and rainfall were determined as input variables. Fi⁃ nally，the N-BEATSx model is used to predict the future deformation trend of the dam body. The results show that when this model uses 30 days of historical data to predict the displacement change trend of the dam body in the next 30 days，it achieves high prediction accuracy. The average root mean square error of the horizontal displacement prediction is 0.098 mm，and the average mean square error is 0.012 mm². The average root mean square error of vertical displacement prediction is 0.015 mm，and the average mean square error is 0.025 mm². This research can provide certain references for the displacement prediction and management of tailings dam.

With the increase of mining depth，the engineering geological and hydrogeological condi⁃ tions of mining activities are more and more complex，and the difficulty of floor water disaster prevention and control is increasing.The water inrush mechanism of complete coal seam floor on confined aquifer under min⁃ ing disturbance is still unclear. In order to further study the mining failure of complete coal seam floor and the formation process of water inrush mechanism and reveal the mechanism of Ordovician water inrush from floor，taking 21605 mining face of Binhu Coal Mine as the research object，the formation of water inrush mechanism and the law of Ordovician confined water lifting under mining disturbance are simulated and ana⁃ lyzed.The results show that in the early stage of working face mining，small cracks appear in the floor strata under the action of mine pressure. With the expansion of mining scope，the cracks continue to develop and connect with the lower fourteen ash aquifers. Under the action of confined water pressure，the Ordovician limestone water is gradually guided along the hidden fissure to the fourteen limestone aquifer，which commu⁃ nicates the floor failure zone of the working face and then the floor water inrush occurs.The evolution process of Ordovician limestone water inrush from complete coal seam floor is divided into four stages of progressive recharge，fracture expansion，seepage increase and channel formation.The theory of "five zones" of complete coal seam floor above confined aquifer is put forward，which are floor mining failure water conduction zone， mining fracture hyperplasia zone，complete rock zone，confined seepage rise zone and confined original rise zone.

Southwestern Anhui is an important part of Xiushui-Ningguo uranium metallogenic belt in China.In recent years，a large number of carbonaceous siliceous mudstone type uranium deposits，uranium mineralization points and anomalies have been found in this area，which has important uranium resource po⁃ tential and research value.Taking the carbonaceous siliceous mudstone type uranium deposit in southwestern Anhui as the research object，the regional metallogenic geological environment，uranium metallogenic char⁃ acteristics and geochemical characteristics are systematically analyzed，and the regional uranium metallo⁃ genic regularity is summarized. Combined with the relationship between strata，structure，magmatism and uranium mineralization，the metallogenic mechanism is analyzed，and the regional uranium mineralization model is constructed. Uranium mineralization is controlled by Sinian-Cambrian strata. The NE-NNE deep fault in the area provides a channel for the activation，migration and enrichment of uranium elements. The magmatic activity in Yanshan-Himalayan period provides heat source and part of uranium source for urani⁃ um mineralization. The occurrence forms of uranium deposits are divided into two types of independent min⁃ erals and adsorption forms. The results show that the formation of carbonaceous siliceous mudstone type ura⁃ nium deposits in southwestern Anhui is a comprehensive reflection of sedimentation，leaching and later hy⁃ drothermal superposition. The metallogenic process is controlled by stratigraphic distribution，tectonic activ⁃ ity and magmatic hydrothermal action.

The Musoshi copper deposit is located in the Zambia-Congo（DRC）copper-cobalt metallo⁃ genic belt in Central Africa，adjacent to the Konkola copper-cobalt deposit，and is a typical deposit in the metallogenic belt. Based on the latest exploration data of Musoshi copper deposit，the strata，structure，min⁃ eralization characteristics and ore mineral assemblage of the mining area are expounded，and the genesis of the deposit is discussed. The results show that the geotectonic location of the deposit is located in the Lufrian metallogenic belt（Katanga polymetallic metallogenic belt），and the copper mineralization（body）is pro⁃ duced in the lower Luo 'an stage of the Mai 'en series of the Katanga system. The ore-bearing lithology is siltstone and argillaceous siltstone，and the degree of mineralization enrichment is significantly positively correlated with the degree of mineral enrichment in the rock mass. The mineralization has significant strat⁃ abound characteristics，and the continuity along the strike and dip is good. The ore minerals are mainly chal⁃ copyrite，pyrite，chalcocite and malachite，and the gangue minerals mainly include quartz，potassium feld⁃ spar and muscovite. The Katanga system Luo 'an group is the ore source layer formed by the deposit. After the late tectonic action and hydrothermal superposition transformation，the composite genetic deposit of syn⁃ genetic sedimentary diagenesis-hydrothermal transformation enrichment - supergene oxidation is finally formed. The deep edge of the mining area still has great prospecting potential.

In order to solve the problems of short service life of ϕ8.0 m×3.2 m semi-autogenous mill unloading tank and affecting the operation rate of equipment in Yuxi Dahongshan Mining Industry，aiming at the serious non-uniform wear phenomenon existing in the radial unloading tank of semi-autogenous mill， a comprehensive research of field investigation，wear causes analysis，material sliding dynamics modeling and industrial application verification is carried out.The results show that the structural defects of the radial discharge tank are the root cause of the poor discharge，the repeated reflux erosion of the slurry and the local abnormal wear.By transforming the radial unloading tank into a curved design，the service life of the new un⁃ loading tank is extended from 486 d to 1 200 d，the average hourly processing capacity of the mill is in⁃ creased by 5.22%，and the unit power consumption per ton of ore is reduced by 9.51%，with remarkable economic benefits.

In order to more truly simulate the actual state of the mine rock strata，so that the similar simulation test can accurately reflect the actual engineering conditions，the fine river sand is selected as the aggregate，gypsum and calcium carbonate are used as the cementing material，the two-factor and five-level orthogonal test is carried out，and the uniaxial mechanical test of the similar material specimen is carried out.The test results show that the compressive strength of similar material specimens is negatively correlated with sand-binder ratio and calcium carbonate-gypsum ratio. The density of similar materials is positively correlated with sand-binder ratio and negatively correlated with calcium carbonate-gypsum ratio. Both are significantly affected by sand-binder ratio.Through the linear regression analysis of SPSS software，the em⁃ pirical equation of similar ratio is established. Through this equation，the ratio parameters of similar materi⁃ als can be quickly obtained，which can provide reference for the study of similar material ratio.

In order to ensure the stable operation and production safety of mine crushing equipment， Nanfen Concentrator has carried out the research and development of new ferromanganese detection equip⁃ ment and supporting technology in view of the problem that the traditional metal detector is difficult to identi⁃ fy the low intensity magnetic manganese steel parts due to insufficient sensitivity，which leads to the fre⁃ quent iron passing accidents of crusher.Based on the principle of electromagnetic induction，a flat CXJ- 1200 ferromanganese detector is developed. By optimizing the magnetic field monitoring and signal process⁃ ing mechanism，the eddy current effect changes are accurately captured，and the detection sensitivity of low intensity magnetic manganese steel parts is improved. A new iron removal process of ordinary detection-au⁃ tomatic iron picking-low magnetic metal sensitive detection-manual iron picking is adopted.The application results show that the new iron removal process significantly reduces the frequency of iron passing through the medium crushing cone crusher，eliminates the damage of bushing and eccentric sleeve caused by iron pass⁃ ing through，and reduces the oil loss caused by equipment wear，with significant economic benefits. The CXJ-1200 type manganese iron detector and the supporting iron removal process can effectively solve the problem of iron passing through the crusher caused by low intensity magnetic manganese steel parts，which can provide a reference example for similar concentrators.

Pure electric mining trucks have the characteristics of low carbon emissions and braking en⁃ ergy recovery. In recent years，they have been widely used in open-pit mining operations. Due to the complex driving conditions of the electric mining truck，it is easy to have problems such as large energy consumption difference and insufficient endurance. Therefore，the study of the key factors affecting the energy consump⁃ tion of electric mining truck during driving provides reasonable energy-saving suggestions for drivers. The actual driving data acquisition work is carried out for the active pure electric mining truck fleet. Through the Spearman correlation analysis，the Spearman correlation heat map is drawn to screen the main factors affect⁃ ing energy consumption and eliminate the factors with low correlation. The main influencing factors include the output torque of the drive motor，the opening of the electric door，the slope，the air temperature and the load. Through the energy flow analysis of the electric mining truck，the economy of the electric mining truck is evaluated based on the driving behavior and road conditions.According to the acceleration and braking pro⁃ cess，the influence of driving behavior on vehicle energy consumption is studied，and the influence of road conditions on energy consumption is analyzed from the slope. Based on Cruise，the whole vehicle model of electric mining truck is built，and the energy consumption of different gradient and load states is simulated and analyzed respectively. According to the results of energy consumption analysis，energy-saving sugges⁃ tions are provided to drivers. The results show that for the electric mining truck used in the study，when the gradient is 7% and the load state is no-load uphill-full load downhill，the energy consumption of the electric mining truck is the lowest. The driver adopts a gentle acceleration method to increase the proportion of motor braking and reduce the number of start-stops，which can effectively reduce energy consumption.

In order to respond to the latest regulatory requirements of the state and industry for the production of civil explosive materials and to help the technology upgrading of civil explosive enterprises， this study takes a packaging strip emulsion explosive production line of a civil explosive enterprise as the object，and carries out flexible transformation to expand the production capacity of emulsion matrix for on�site mixing. The transformation focuses on the core links of production equipment demand analysis，latex matrix formulation and key process parameter optimization，alarm threshold design，equipment and sensor system addition，automatic control and configuration interlocking system upgrade. Through the analysis of trial production parameters，the safety，stability and production efficiency of the modified production line have been significantly improved，and the personnel costs have been controlled. The scheme has high appli⁃ cation value and universality，which provides a feasible path and practical reference for the technical im⁃ provement and upgrading of the production line of civil explosive materials.

In order to explore the carbon efficiency driving mechanism and low-carbon evolution path of metal and non-metal mines，and to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality in the mining industry，the meth⁃ ods of system analysis，literature review and life cycle assessment are used to carry out research in combina⁃ tion with the actual production and policy requirements of mines.Through the integration of international and domestic carbon emission accounting standards，a multi-dimensional accounting system is constructed，and the carbon reduction potential in the three core areas of mining and mineral beneficiation processing technol⁃ ogy，energy structure and comprehensive utilization of solid waste is analyzed. The targeted path and imple⁃ mentation strategy are put forward，and the safeguard mechanism is matched.The research clarifies the direc⁃ tion and quantitative indicators of low-carbon transformation in the mining industry，establishes a dual ac⁃ counting framework，identified key carbon reduction paths in three major areas，and forms a“five major ac⁃ tions + three major guarantees”landing system. At the same time，the innovation points of theory，method and application are extracted.

In order to improve the resource utilization rate of an organic waste produced by produc⁃ tion activities，aiming at the problems of large output，scattered distribution and high content of SS， COD，BOD and ammonia nitrogen in high concentration biogas slurry after treatment and plant sewage， the organic wastewater treatment technology based on pretreatment + IC anaerobic reactor + ammonia nitro⁃ gen removal tank + two-stage A/O tank + biological contact oxidation combined process is studied.The re⁃ sults show that the effluent COD concentration of the reactor is 2 000 mg/L，the COD removal rate reaches 88.2%，and the methane content in the produced gas is stable at about 59.5% under stable operation.The overall operation effect of the wastewater treatment system is good. The combined process can realize the ef⁃ fective degradation of organic pollutants and the stable output of methane，which can provide an effective technical path for the resource treatment of organic waste and subsequent wastewater treatment.

In order to realize energy saving and consumption reduction in the crushing and grinding stage and broaden the application boundary of high-pressure roller mill，in view of the problem that the processing capacity decreases with the change of ore properties in the application process of semi-autoge⁃ nous grinding process，the application of high-pressure roller mill in the process of semi-autogenous grind⁃ ing pre-crushing is studied in a mine concentrator.Based on the advantages of high efficiency and energy saving equipment of high pressure roller mill and the unique characteristics of semi-closed circuit crushing process，the process configuration design of high pressure roller mill applied to semi-autogenous grinding pre-crushing is carried out，and the flexible process advantages of high pressure roller mill applied to semi-autogenous grinding pre-crushing process are analyzed.Combined with the relevant application cases of high pressure roller mill，it is concluded that the application of high pressure roller mill in semi-autoge⁃ nous grinding pre-crushing process has good adaptability，which can provide new ideas for the optimiza⁃ tion of crushing and grinding process，capacity improvement，cost reduction and efficiency increase in mine concentrator.

Aiming at the technical problems of uneven energy distribution，difficulty in vibration con⁃ trol and prominent risk of slope instability in the blasting of the fracture zone of an open-pit iron mine，the optimization of mixed charge structure，digital electronic detonator millisecond initiation network and pre�splitting blasting are proposed. In order to ensure the safety of construction，a whole process safety manage⁃ ment system including drilling detection，dynamic parameter adjustment and integrated monitoring is con⁃ structed，and a data statistical evaluation model is established to verify the effect. The engineering applica⁃ tion results show that after the implementation of the optimization scheme，the utilization rate of blast hole is increased by 15%~20%，the half hole rate of slope is stabilized at 60 %~80 %，and the blasting efficiency and operation safety in the fracture zone are significantly improved. Through the innovation of technical scheme and the construction of safety management system，this study effectively solves the core pain points of open-pit blasting under complex geological conditions. The results can provide important theoretical sup⁃ port and engineering practice reference for the optimization of blasting technology and safety control in simi⁃ lar mine fracture zones.

In order to solve the problems of large circulating load of filtrate pump tank，low feed con⁃ centration，poor cleaning effect of ceramic filter and high labor intensity in the filtration system of iron con⁃ centrate in Chengchao Beneficiation Plant，the filtration system is systematically reformed.By optimizing the process pipeline direction of the filtrate pump tank，the pulp is first dehydrated by three-stage magnet⁃ ic separation and then sent to the filtration system，which improves the feed concentration of the filter.The slurry pump is replaced and the liquid level PID control is introduced to increase the filtered feed concen⁃ tration from 25% to 55%，which eliminates the overflow phenomenon of the pump tank. The internal wash⁃ ing process of ceramic filter is developed，and the automatic dosing cleaning system is matched to realize the automation of ceramic filter cleaning.After the transformation of the filtration system，the cost of clean⁃ ing agent is reduced by 20%，the number of filters is reduced，and the labor intensity of the post is signifi⁃ cantly reduced，which lays a foundation for the construction of“unattended factory”and has significant economic benefits.

In view of the actual mining engineering of two-step filling mining method in an iron mine， the numerical simulation tool of LS-DYNA is used to explore the regulation mechanism of the size of the pil⁃ lar on the stability of the filling body. During the mining period，the filling body needs to bear the coupling effect of the static load of the overlying surrounding rock and the dynamic load of the two-step mining blast⁃ ing. The reasonable setting of the thickness of the wall protection pillar is the key projects to weaken the blasting disturbance and ensure the stability of the filling body. The thickness range of 1.2 ~ 2.3 m typical wall protection pillar is selected，and the Von Mises stress evolution and displacement response law of fill⁃ ing body under different sizes are systematically analyzed. The numerical calculation results show that when the thickness of the pillar increases，the maximum stress of the filling body shows a significant decreasing trend. The peak stress at the thickness of 1.2 m reaches 2.20 MPa，and the thickness of 2.3 m decreases to 0.80 MPa，a decrease of 63.77 %. When the thickness is greater than 1.5 m，the stress distribution of the filling body tends to be stable，which can effectively avoid irreversible damage. The displacement of filling body under different retaining wall thickness is much lower than the damage threshold. According to the re⁃ quirements of safe mining and resource utilization efficiency of comprehensive mining engineering，it is sug⁃ gested that the thickness of wall protection pillar should not be less than 1.5 m. This study provides a theoret⁃ ical basis for the optimization of engineering parameters of retaining pillars in filling mining method，and has important practical value for improving the safety of iron ore mining and reducing engineering risks.

Under complex geological conditions，the deformation of the surrounding rock in roadways is a significant challenge that restricts the safe production of coal mines. Taking Shanyang Coal Mine as the engineering background，this paper explores the deformation mechanism of the surrounding rock in road⁃ ways under the conditions of "three soft" coal seams and composite sandstone roof，aiming to improve the surrounding rock control technology of roadways. Field tests are conducted to continuously monitor the loos⁃ ening zone of the surrounding rock，the approach of the roof and floor，and the two sides of the roadway. Based on the overall situation of the three measurement stations，the maximum loosening range of the roof reached 3.42 m，the maximum loosening range of the two sides is 2.94 m，and the maximum loosening range at the shoulder angle reached 3.56 m，revealing the main influence range and deformation law of the sur⁃ rounding rock. According to the deformation characteristics of the roadway，the structural design of the origi⁃ nal support scheme of the roadway is optimized. Through numerical simulation studies，the deformation of the stress zone and plastic zone under the original support and optimized support conditions is compared and analyzed. The research results show that the optimized support method can effectively control the deforma⁃ tion of the roadway，providing a reference for the control technology of roadways.

Due to the mechanism of triboelectrification on the surfaces of graphite and gangue miner⁃ als，it is challenging to accurately obtain the polarization characteristics of graphite ore images and their background，making it difficult to precisely determine the comprehensive geophysical exploration direction for graphite ore. To address this issue，this paper proposes an integrated geophysical exploration method based on GIS technology and polarization imaging，using the Koukouertu area in Wutumeiren Township， Geermu City，Qinghai Province as the study region. The method employs the MapX component of the GIS re⁃ gional management platform to uniformly manage geological information within the mining area，reducing surveying distortion through graphic vectorization，achieving seamless zooming，and low-redundancy stor⁃ age. Spatial data layering techniques are utilized to divide geophysical exploration data into different layers， innovatively establishing a database that preserves spatial and attribute data. Based on hyperspectral remote sensing and aerial-space integrated prediction methods，we quickly identify the target and background po⁃ larization features of graphite ore images. Aerial imaging spectrometers and ground quasi-synchronous cali⁃ bration are used to acquire aerial-space hyperspectral data，facilitating the extraction of the comprehensive geophysical exploration direction for graphite ore.Application results demonstrate that at a polarization angle of 0°，the acquired images exhibit the highest brightness and clarity，with the most accurate analysis of the mining area's polarization characteristics. The fluid inclusions in the ore bodies of the study area mainly con⁃sist of CH4，with some inclusions containing N2，H2O，etc.，but no CO2. The fluids within graphite ores pre⁃ dominantly belong to intermediate-low temperature and intermediate-low salinity shallow metamorphic flu⁃ ids，with relatively scarce inorganic carbon. This research provides data support for determining the compre⁃ hensive geophysical exploration direction of graphite ores.