基于流固耦合的第四系含水层下采场参数优化

现代矿业 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (07): 57-64.

基于流固耦合的第四系含水层下采场参数优化

孙永茂^1，2 赵芳芳³张强^2，3

1. 北京科技大学资源与安全工程学院；2. 安徽马钢张庄矿业有限责任公司； 3. 安徽马钢矿业资源集团南山矿业有限公司

出版日期:2026-07-25 发布日期:2026-08-03

Optimization of Stope Parameters under Quaternary Aquifer Based on Fluid-solid Coupling

SUN Yongmao1，2 ZHAO Fangfang3 ZHANG Qiang2，3

1. School of Resources and Safety Engineering，University of Science and Technology Beijing; 2. Anhui Masteel Zhangzhuang Mining Co.，Ltd.;3. Nanshan Mining Co.，Ltd.，Anhui Masteel Mining Resources Group

Online:2026-07-25 Published:2026-08-03

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 厚大第四系含水层下矿体开采存在围岩失稳、采动渗流突变及突水风险高等难题，力学稳定与水文安全协同控制是此类矿体安全开采的核心。以安徽某铁矿-220 m 水平以上矿体为工程背景，采用理论分析与数值模拟相结合的方式，开展采场结构参数优化研究。基于厚板理论，结合矿区地质条件与渗流风险情况，差异化设置多级安全系数，建立适配分段空场嗣后充填法的顶柱安全厚度设计方法。依托 FLAC3D软件，构建三维流固耦合模型，模拟 8，10，12，15，18 m 共 5 种采场宽度工况，系统分析围岩应力、位移、塑性区及孔隙水压力、渗流速度的演化规律。结果表明，12 m 为矿区采场宽度临界值，采宽超过该数值后，顶板沉降、围岩应力与渗流速度呈非线性激增，顶板塑性区逐步贯通并形成潜在导水通道，力学与渗流耦合灾害风险显著提升。综合开采安全性与生产效率，确定最优采场结构参数为长度 100 m，宽度 12 m。研究明确了复杂水文地质条件下矿体采动失稳与渗流突变机理，可为同类矿山安全高效开采提供理论支撑与技术参考。

关键词: 空场嗣后充填法流固耦合顶板稳定性采场参数优化 FLAC^3D

Abstract: The mining of ore bodies under the thick Quaternary aquifer has the problems of instabili⁃ ty of surrounding rock，sudden change of mining seepage and high risk of water inrush. The coordinated control of mechanical stability and hydrological safety is the core of safe mining of such ore bodies. Taking the ore body above-220 m level of an iron mine in Anhui Province as the engineering background，the opti⁃ mization of stope structure parameters was studied by combining theoretical analysis with numerical simula⁃ tion. Based on the thick plate theory，combined with the geological conditions of the mining area and the state of seepage risk，the multi-level safety factor is set differently，and the design method of the safe thickness of the top pillar suitable for the sublevel open stoping with subsequent filling method is estab⁃ lished. Based on FLAC3D software，a three-dimensional fluid-solid coupling model is constructed to simu⁃ late five stope width conditions of 8，10，12，15 and 18 m，and the evolution laws of surrounding rock stress，displacement，plastic zone，pore water pressure and seepage velocity are systematically analyzed. The results show that 12 m is the critical value of the stope width in the mining area. When the mining width exceeds this value，the roof settlement，surrounding rock stress and seepage velocity increase nonlin⁃ early. The plastic zone of the roof gradually penetrates and forms a potential water channel，and the risk of mechanical and seepage coupling disaster increases significantly. Based on the comprehensive mining safe⁃ ty and production efficiency，the optimal stope structure parameters are determined to be 100 m in length and 12 m in width. The study clarifies the mechanism of mining instability and seepage mutation of ore bod⁃ies under complex hydrogeological conditions，which can provide theoretical support and technical refer⁃ ence for safe and efficient mining of similar mines.

Key words: open stoping with subsequent filling method, fquid-solid coupling, roof stability, stope parameter optimization, FLAC^3D

孙永茂, 赵芳芳, 张强. 基于流固耦合的第四系含水层下采场参数优化[J]. 现代矿业, 2026, 42(07): 57-64.

SUN Yongmao, ZHAO Fangfang ZHANG Qiang, . Optimization of Stope Parameters under Quaternary Aquifer Based on Fluid-solid Coupling[J]. Modern Mining, 2026, 42(07): 57-64.

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