关键词: 矿山地压, 三维应力监测, 预警系统

Abstract: Repeated disturbances during mining have led to frequent occurrences of ground pressure disasters such as roof falls and collapses in mines，seriously affecting the normal and safe production of mines. The research analyzed the mechanical behavior，disaster evolution process and characteristics of ground pressure disasters in mines，expounded the necessity and basic principles of three-dimensional pres‐ sure monitoring in mines，and introduced the relevant practices of three-dimensional pressure monitoring in a certain super-large iron mine in Fujian. Research shows that the mining movement leads to the continuous increase of the pressure of the original pressure transfer and concentration in the stope acting on the pillar. The original pressure transfer is prone to gradually increase the pressure level of the rock mass concentrated at the top of the pillar，and the strength of the rock mass gradually decreases. Along with the pressure trans‐ mission from top to bottom，it causes frequent occurrence of ground pressure disaster accidents such as side slabs，roof falls，and collapses in the mine roadway，which damages the integrity of the ore body. This is one of the common causes of the instability of surrounding rock in mines. Strengthening the three-dimensional pressure monitoring of pillars around the stope is the most direct and effective monitoring method for the pre‐ vention and control of ground pressure disasters in mines. Three-dimensional real-time pressure monitoring is an active monitoring method for ground pressure，featuring mature technology and relatively low cost. It can directly display the magnitude and direction of the main pressure acting on the rock pillar，the degree of ground pressure hazard，and the safety status of the stope. Three-dimensional pressure monitoring methods
can be applied to old goaf areas and have good applicability to the surrounding rock of mining sites with fre‐
quent changes in ore and rock media，which can maximize the time for disaster early warning. Through ex‐
tensive ground pressure monitoring at the case mine site，it was found that the maximum principal pressure
was mainly in the WN direction，and the inclination Angle tended to be horizontal. In the area where the
mine was monitored，there were 8 places with yellow ground pressure hazard level，1 place with orange lev‐
el，and no red level was observed. After the implementation of ground pressure monitoring，no ground pres‐
sure safety accident has occurred. The goal of "early detection，preventable，early warning，prompt response
and safety guarantee" for the prevention and control of ground pressure disasters in mines has been
achieved，effectively ensuring the safe and orderly production of mines. The research results have certain ref‐
erence significance for the safe production of mines and the efficient exploitation and utilization of resources.

Key words: mining ground pressure, three-dimensional pressure monitoring, early warning system