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现代矿业 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (04): 216-.
选矿是富集有用矿物的一种系统工程，工艺流程复杂，常常采用大型机械设备，生产过
程中安全事故频发。为了降低选矿厂的安全事故，对全国5家典型选矿厂2017—2022年事故进行统
计分析。选矿厂生产过程中的不安全因素主要有物体打击、机械伤害、粉尘、噪声、放射性危害、灼
伤、中毒、高处坠落、淹溺等。除上述可能的危险性因素外，同时还存在起重伤害、触电和窒息等危险
有害因素。表明选矿厂安全事故重心已经从工艺安全事故转移到机械设备事故方向，而机械事故因
素主要仍是由人因造成。因此，运用 4M 要素和 5S管理对不安全的因素提出了预防的对策，以期降
低安全事故的发生。
Beneficiation is a systematic project to enrich useful minerals，the process is complex，
large machinery and equipment are often used，and safety accidents occur frequently in the production pro⁃
cess. In order to reduce the safety accidents in mineral processing plants，the accidents of five major mineral
processing plants in the country from 2017 to 2022 were statistically analyzed. The main unsafe factors in the
production process of mineral processing plants were object strikes，mechanical injuries，dust，noise，radio⁃
active hazards，burns，poisoning，falling from heights，drowning and so on. In addition to the above possi⁃
ble dangerous factors，there were also dangerous and harmful factors such as lifting injuries，electric shock
and asphyxiation. It indicates that the centre of gravity of safety accidents in mineral processing plant has
been shifted from process safety accidents to the direction of machinery and equipment accidents，while the
factors of machinery accidents are still mainly caused by human factors. Therefore，preventive countermea⁃
sures are proposed by 4M elements and 5S management for unsafe factors，so as to reduce the occurrence of
safety accidents.
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