基于有限差分与极限平衡法的矿区碎屑流堆积体稳定性分析

现代矿业 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (05): 149-155.

基于有限差分与极限平衡法的矿区碎屑流堆积体稳定性分析

秦柯^1，2，3倪智伟^1，2，3骆明华^1，2，3 潘强^1，2，3 朱君星^1，2，3 吴小刚^1，2，3唐恺^1，2，3

1. 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究总院股份有限公司；2. 金属矿山开采安全与灾害防治全国重点实验室； 3. 非煤露天矿山灾害防控国家矿山安全监察局重点实验室

出版日期:2026-05-25 发布日期:2026-06-17

Stability Analysis of Debris Flow Deposits in Mining Area Based on Finite Difference and Limit Equilibrium Method

QIN Ke1，2，3 NI Zhiwei1，2，3 LUO Minghua1，2，3 PAN Qiang1，2，3 ZHU Junxing1，2，3 WU Xiaogang1，2，3 TANG Kai1，2，3

1. Sinosteel Maanshan General Institute of Mining Research Co.，Ltd. 2. State Key Laboratory of Metal Mining Safety and Disaster Prevention and Control. 3. Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Control for Non-Coal Open-Pit Mines，National Mine Safety Administration

Online:2026-05-25 Published:2026-06-17

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 某矿区碎屑流堆积体结构松散，力学性质薄弱，在极端天气与地质扰动作用下失稳风险较高。为查明某矿区西坡碎屑流堆积体失稳机制与稳定特征，以场内 1^# 、2^# 堆积体为研究对象，依托室内三轴剪切试验获取土体物理力学参数，综合采用三维有限差分法与二维极限平衡法，开展自然、暴雨、地震多工况下的稳定性对比分析。研究结果表明：三维计算条件下，3 种工况堆积体整体安全系数分别为 3.914，3.560，3.012，整体处于稳定状态，但堆积体底部及岩土接触带塑性应变集中，局部位移发育，受基岩约束作用，三维计算存在高估坡体局部稳定性的问题；二维剖面计算显示，降雨为控制性不利工况，1—1 剖面暴雨工况最小安全系数为 1.027，2—2 剖面天然工况便处于临界稳定状态，暴雨工况最低安全系数仅为 1.010，降雨入渗引发的孔隙水压力升高，有效应力衰减是土体失稳的主要诱因；地震扰动对坡体稳定性存在弱化作用，但影响程度弱于降雨。三维有限差分法适用于识别坡体变形集中区域，二维极限平衡法更利于局部剖面定量评价，采用整体- 局部耦合分析思路可更为准确判定堆积体稳定状态。研究成果可为该矿区碎屑流灾害防控、边坡监测治理及同类山区矿区松散堆积体稳定性评价提供理论参考与技术依据。

关键词: 碎屑流堆积体, 边坡稳定性, 极限平衡法, 降雨工况, 地震工况

Abstract: Debris flow deposits in mining areas feature loose structure and weak mechanical proper⁃ ties，and bear high instability risks under extreme weather and geological disturbances. To clarify the insta⁃ bility mechanism and stability characteristics of west slope debris flow deposits in the mining area，taking No.1 and No.2 deposits as research objects，this paper acquires soil physical and mechanical parameters by laboratory triaxial shear tests. The three-dimensional finite difference method and two-dimensional lim⁃ it equilibrium method are comprehensively applied to conduct stability comparative analysis under natural， rainstorm and seismic conditions. The results show that the overall safety factors of the deposit under three working conditions are 3.914，3.560 and 3.012 respectively，and the deposit maintains an overall stable state. Plastic strain concentrates and local displacement develops at the deposit bottom and rock-soil con⁃ tact zone. Constrained by bedrock，the three-dimensional calculation overestimates the local stability of the slope. Two-dimensional profile calculation indicates that rainfall is the dominant adverse factor. The minimum safety factor of Profile 1—1 under rainstorm condition is 1.027，while Profile 2—2 is in a criti⁃ cal stable state under natural condition with the minimum safety factor of 1.010 under rainstorm condition. The increase of pore water pressure and attenuation of effective stress caused by rainfall infiltration are the main inducing factors of soil instability. Seismic disturbance weakens slope stability，but its influence is weaker than rainfall. The three-dimensional finite difference method is suitable for identifying slope defor⁃ mation concentration zones，and the two-dimensional limit equilibrium method presents obvious advantag⁃ es in quantitative evaluation of local profile stability. The integrated-local coupling analysis method can judge the stability of debris flow deposits more accurately. The research results can provide theoretical ref⁃ erence and technical support for debris flow disaster prevention，slope monitoring and treatment in the min⁃ ing area，and stability evaluation of loose deposits in similar mountainous mining areas.

Key words: debris flow deposit, slope stability, limit equilibrium method, rainfall condition, seismic condition

秦柯, 倪智伟, 骆明华, 潘强, 朱君星, 吴小刚, 唐恺. 基于有限差分与极限平衡法的矿区碎屑流堆积体稳定性分析[J]. 现代矿业, 2026, 42(05): 149-155.

QIN Ke, NI Zhiwei, LUO Minghua, PAN Qiang, ZHU Junxing, WU Xiaogang, TANG Kai, . Stability Analysis of Debris Flow Deposits in Mining Area Based on Finite Difference and Limit Equilibrium Method[J]. Modern Mining, 2026, 42(05): 149-155.

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