大跨软煤帮切眼巷道失稳机理及协同支护技术

现代矿业 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (05): 22-26.

大跨软煤帮切眼巷道失稳机理及协同支护技术

常夫伟¹ 回春伟²

1. 中煤华晋集团有限公司王家岭矿；2. 太原理工大学安全与应急管理工程学院

出版日期:2026-05-25 发布日期:2026-06-02

Instability Mechanism and Collaborative Support Technology of Coal Side Open-off Cut Roadway of Large-span Soft

CHANG Fuwei1 HUI Chunwei2

1. Wangjialing Mine，China Coal Huajin Group Co.，Ltd.;2. College of Safety and Emergency Management Engineering，Taiyuan University of Technology

Online:2026-05-25 Published:2026-06-02

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为解决大跨软煤帮切眼巷道围岩失稳控制难题，以王家岭矿 12306 工作面大跨度切眼巷道为工程背景，采用现场观测、地应力测试及钻孔裂隙监测手段，分析原支护条件下巷道顶帮非协调变形破坏机理。结果表明：帮部煤体强度低，围岩塑性区超出锚杆支护范围，中等构造应力场共同诱发巷道鼓帮片帮灾害。基于此，提出强帮支护+低扰动分步开挖协同控制技术，加长帮部锚杆长度至 2.5 m，预紧扭矩提升至 300 N·m，并优化为两导洞开挖工艺。依托微单元算法建立钻孔图像裂隙密度定量表征方法，监测数据显示，在 4 m 浅部煤体范围内为解决大跨软煤帮切眼巷道围岩失稳控制难题，以王家岭矿 12306 工作面大跨度切眼巷道为工程背景，采用现场观测、地应力测试及钻孔裂隙监测手段，分析原支护条件下巷道顶帮非协调变形破坏机理。结果表明：帮部煤体强度低，围岩塑性区超出锚杆支护范围，中等构造应力场共同诱发巷道鼓帮片帮灾害。基于此，提出强帮支护+低扰动分步开挖协同控制技术，加长帮部锚杆长度至 2.5 m，预紧扭矩提升至 300 N·m，并优化为两导洞开挖工艺。依托微单元算法建立钻孔图像裂隙密度定量表征方法，监测数据显示，在 4 m 浅部煤体范围内，优化方案使围岩平均裂隙率由 0.72% 降至 0.44%；帮部锚杆、顶板锚索最大轴力分别为 56.26，116.86 kN，仅占各自屈服荷载的 35.83%、20.04%。优化方案有效改善了顶帮非协调变形问题，围岩控制效果良好，可为同类大跨软煤帮切眼巷道支护工程提供参考。，优化方案使围岩平均裂隙率由 0.72% 降至 0.44%；帮部锚杆、顶板锚索最大轴力分别为 56.26，116.86 kN，仅占各自屈服荷载的 35.83%、20.04%。优化方案有效改善了顶帮非协调变形问题，围岩控制效果良好，可为同类大跨软煤帮切眼巷道支护工程提供参考。

关键词: 大跨切眼巷道, 软煤帮, 非协调变形, 裂隙表征, 支护优化

Abstract: In order to solve the problem of surrounding rock instability control of open-off cut road⁃ way of large-span soft coal side，taking the large-span open-off cut roadway of 12306 working face in Wangjialing Mine as the engineering background，the non-coordinated deformation and failure mechanism of roadway top and side under the original support condition is analyzed by means of field observation，in�situ stress test and borehole fracture monitoring. The results show that the strength of the coal body in the side is low，the plastic zone of the surrounding rock exceeds the range of bolt support，and the medium tec⁃ tonic stress field jointly induces the disaster of roadway bulging and spalling. Based on this，a collaborative control technology of strong side support + low disturbance step-by-step excavation is proposed. The length of the side bolt is extended to 2.5 m，the preload torque is increased to 300 N·m，and the excava⁃ tion process of the two pilot tunnels is optimized. Based on the micro-element algorithm，a quantitative characterization method of fracture density of borehole image is established. The monitoring data show that the average fracture rate of surrounding rock is reduced from 0.72% to 0.44% in the range of 4 m shallow coal. The maximum axial forces of the side bolts and the roof anchor cables are 56.26 kN and 116.86 kN， respectively，accounting for only 35.83% and 20.04% of their respective yield loads. The optimization scheme effectively improves the problem of non-coordinated deformation of roof and side，and the control effect of surrounding rock is good，which can provide reference for similar large-span soft coal side open�off cut roadway support project.

Key words: large-span open-off cut roadway, soft coal side, incompatible deformation, fracture char? acterization, support optimization

常夫伟, 回春伟. 大跨软煤帮切眼巷道失稳机理及协同支护技术[J]. 现代矿业, 2026, 42(05): 22-26.

CHANG Fuwei HUI Chunwei. Instability Mechanism and Collaborative Support Technology of Coal Side Open-off Cut Roadway of Large-span Soft[J]. Modern Mining, 2026, 42(05): 22-26.

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