莫桑比克Marropino伟晶岩型钽铌矿床地质特征及找矿前景分析

现代矿业 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (12): 165-173.

莫桑比克Marropino伟晶岩型钽铌矿床地质特征及找矿前景分析

张连湘^1，2丁亮^1，2 潘世语^1，2 胡波^1，2彭蜀涛^1，2

1. 江西有色地质矿产勘查开发院；2. 江西省地质调查勘查院基础地质调查所

出版日期:2025-12-25 发布日期:2026-01-26

Analysis of Geological Characteristics and Prospecting Potential of Marropino Pegmatite Type Tantalum-Niobium Deposit in Mozambique

1. Jiangxi Nonferrous Metal Geology and Mineral Resources Exploration and Exploitation Institute; 2. Basic Geological Survey Institute of Jiangxi Geological Survey and Exploration Institute

Online:2025-12-25 Published:2026-01-26

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 莫桑比克 Marropino 钽铌矿床是东非新元古代莫桑比克活动带内上利戈尼亚伟晶岩型稀有金属成矿带的典型代表，自 1958 年在该地区发现含钽铌伟晶岩以来，断续开采至 2013 年，因资源量减少，开采成本增大及当地暴乱而停采至今，寻找深边部资源使矿山复工复产具有重要意义。为研究矿床地质特征，指出今后找矿方向，依托莫桑比克 Morrua 矿床，在对 Marropino 矿区野外地质调查和分析研究区域已有地质资料基础上，总结 Marropino 伟晶岩型钽铌矿床的地质特征，并对矿区找矿前景进行评价。综合分析认为，该矿床形成于泛非造山运动，受岩浆岩和构造明显控制；成矿物质主要来源于泛非期花岗岩体，纳玛玛逆冲推覆带提供导矿通道，泛非期花岗岩浆经历多阶段演化，晚期富挥发分、富稀有金属元素的流体沿次级张性裂隙，充填形成含钽铌锂等稀有金属伟晶岩，构成岩浆—构造—成矿“三位一体”成矿体系。矿体赋存于 LCT 型花岗伟晶岩中，呈脉状、透镜状产出，围岩为角闪片岩，属于花岗伟晶岩型钽铌矿床；结合成矿地质特征、控矿因素及找矿标志分析，矿区深边部及外围具有较好找矿前景。研究结果对今后矿区及周边具有相似成矿地质条件的地区进一步的找矿工作具有一定的指导意义。

关键词: Marropino矿床, 伟晶岩型钽铌矿, 矿床特征, 成矿机制

Abstract: The Marropino tantalum-niobium deposit in Mozambique is a typical representative of the Upper Ligonia pegmatite-type rare metal metallogenic belt in the Neoproterozoic Mozambique active belt in eastern Africa.Since the discovery of tantalum-niobium pegmatite in this area in 1958，intermittent min‐ ing has been carried out until 2013.Due to the reduction of resources，the increase of mining costs and lo‐ cal riots，the mining has been suspended so far. It is of great significance to find deep and edge resources to restore the mine. In order to study the geological characteristics of the deposit and point out the future prospecting direction，relying on the Morrua deposit in Mozambique，based on the field geological survey of the Marropino mining area and the analysis of the existing geological data in the study area，the geologi‐ cal characteristics of the Marropino pegmatite type tantalum-niobium deposit are summarized，and the prospecting prospect of the mining area is evaluated. Comprehensive analysis shows that the deposit was formed in the Pan-African orogenic movement and was obviously controlled by magmatic rocks and struc‐ tures. The ore-forming materials are mainly derived from the Pan-African granite body，and the Namama thrust belt provides the ore-conducting channel. The Pan-African granite magma has undergone multi-stage evolution. The fluid rich in volatiles and rare metal elements in the late stage is filled along the sec‐ ondary tensile fractures to form rare metal pegmatite containing tantalum，niobium and lithium，which con‐ stitutes a 'trinity' metallogenic system of magma-structure-mineralization. The ore body occurs in the LCT type granite pegmatite，which is veined and lenticular. The surrounding rock is hornblende schist，which belongs to the granite pegmatite type tantalum niobium deposit. Combined with the analysis of metallogenic geological characteristics，ore-controlling factors and prospecting indicators，the deep edge and periphery of the mining area have good prospecting prospects. This study results have certain guiding significance for further prospecting work in the mining area and surrounding areas with similar metallogenic geological con‐ ditions in the future.

Key words: Marropino deposit, pegmatite type tantalum-niobium ore, characteristics of the deposit, ore-forming mechanism

张连湘, 丁亮, 潘世语, 胡波, 彭蜀涛. 莫桑比克Marropino伟晶岩型钽铌矿床地质特征及找矿前景分析[J]. 现代矿业, 2025, 41(12): 165-173.

ZHANG Lianxiang, DING Liang, PAN Shiyu, HU Bo, PENG Shutao, . Analysis of Geological Characteristics and Prospecting Potential of Marropino Pegmatite Type Tantalum-Niobium Deposit in Mozambique[J]. Modern Mining, 2025, 41(12): 165-173.

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