赤铁矿浮选中离子型淀粉抑制剂的研究进展

现代矿业 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (12): 70-76.

赤铁矿浮选中离子型淀粉抑制剂的研究进展

孙竞珲^1，2马艺闻^1，2刘杰³郑梦可^1，2王佳庆^1，2杨旭^1，2

1. 辽宁科技大学矿业工程学院；2. 辽宁科技大学智慧矿山研究院； 3. 东北大学资源与土木工程学院

出版日期:2025-12-25 发布日期:2026-01-23

Research Progress of Ion-type Starch Inhibitors in Hematite Flotation

1. School of Mining Engineering，University of Science and Technology Liaoning； 2. Smart Mine Research Institute，University of Science and Technology Liaoning； 3. School of Resources and Civil Engineering，Northeastern University

Online:2025-12-25 Published:2026-01-23

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 浮选是处理难选赤铁矿的关键工艺，而抑制剂的选择对浮选效果具有决定性影响。传统淀粉类抑制剂因选择性差、溶解性低等问题应用受限，离子型淀粉抑制剂通过引入特定官能团显著提升了其在赤铁矿浮选中的抑制性能与选择性。系统综述了淀粉分子结构（直链与支链淀粉比例）对其抑制行为的影响，比较了玉米淀粉、木薯淀粉、小米淀粉和高粱淀粉等普通淀粉的浮选效果，重点分析了羧甲基淀粉、磷酸酯淀粉、磺化淀粉、阳离子淀粉及两性淀粉等离子型淀粉的抑制机理与应用现状。支链淀粉因其分支结构更易在赤铁矿表面形成致密吸附层；离子型淀粉通过静电作用、氢键及配位机制增强了对赤铁矿的选择性抑制，羧甲基淀粉和磷酸酯淀粉在实际应用中表现出优良性能。旨在为新型高效淀粉抑制剂的设计与赤铁矿绿色分选技术的开发提供参考。

关键词: 赤铁矿, 离子型淀粉, 抑制剂, 苛化药剂

Abstract: Flotation is the key process to deal with refractory hematite，and the selection of inhibitors has a decisive influence on the flotation effect. The application of traditional starch inhibitors is limited due to poor selectivity and low solubility. Ionic starch inhibitors significantly improve their inhibition perfor‐ mance and selectivity in hematite flotation by introducing specific functional groups. The effects of starch molecular structure (amylose and amylopectin ratio) on its inhibition behavior were systematically reviewed. The flotation effects of common starches such as corn starch，cassava starch，millet starch and sorghum starch were compared. The inhibition mechanism and application status of ionic starches such as carboxy‐ methyl starch，phosphate starch，sulfonated starch，cationic starch and amphoteric starch were analyzed. Amylopectin is more likely to form a dense adsorption layer on the surface of hematite due to its branch struc‐ ture; ionic starch enhances the selective inhibition of hematite through electrostatic interaction，hydrogen bonding and coordination mechanism. Carboxymethyl starch and phosphate starch show excellent perfor‐ mance in practical applications. The aim is to provide a reference for the design of new highefficiency starch inhibitors and the development of green separation technology for hematite.

Key words: hematite, ionic starch, inhibitor, caustic agent

孙竞珲, 马艺闻, 刘杰, 郑梦可, 王佳庆, 杨旭. 赤铁矿浮选中离子型淀粉抑制剂的研究进展[J]. 现代矿业, 2025, 41(12): 70-76.

SUN Jinghui, MA Yiwen, LIU Jie ZHENG Mengke, WANG Jiaqing, YANG Xu, . Research Progress of Ion-type Starch Inhibitors in Hematite Flotation[J]. Modern Mining, 2025, 41(12): 70-76.

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