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现代矿业 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (06): 77-.
矸石充填不仅能够有效解决矸石大量堆砌引发的环境问题，更能有效防治采空区顶板
垮落并控制地表下沉。针对矿井采空区地表沉降问题，采用三维地震勘探技术获取了“三带”发育特
征，反演了地下采空区空间分布；采用数值计算方法，模拟不同工程参数下采空区矸石充填管道运输
特性，分析料浆速度分布以及流动性沉降规律差异性；并设置定向井与垂直井作为对照，进一步开展
充填效果现场评估与验证工作。结果表明，
2
种充填方式有效注浆深度约为煤层顶板以上 60 m，其
中，定向井有效充填空间内充填率比直井高约 40%。因此，基于地面钻孔的采空区矸石充填技术为
矸石处理与环境保护提供了有利途径。
Gangue filling can not only effectively solve the environmental problems caused by a large
amount of gangue accumulation，but also effectively prevent the roof collapse of goaf and control the surface
subsidence.Aiming at the problem of surface subsidence in mine goaf，the development characteristics of
′three zones′ are obtained by using three-dimensional seismic exploration technology，and the spatial distri⁃
bution of underground goaf is inverted.The numerical calculation method is used to simulate the transporta⁃
tion characteristics of gangue filling pipeline in goaf under different engineering parameters，and the differ⁃
ence of slurry velocity distribution and fluidity settlement law is analyzed.Directional wells and vertical wells
are set as controls to further carry out on-site evaluation and verification of filling effects.The results show
that the effective grouting depth of the two filling methods is about 60 m above the coal seam roof，and the
filling rate in the effective filling space of the directional well is about 40% higher than that of the vertical
well.Therefore，the gangue filling technology in goaf based on ground drilling provides a favorable way for
gangue treatment and environmental protection.
摘要：
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