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    25 February 2023, Volume 39 Issue 2
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    Study on Influence of Tip Morphology on Crushing Characteristics of Magnetite Ore
    CAO Pengfei
    2023, 39(2):  1-4. 
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    How to reduce the grinding energy consumption of magnetite ore is a major issue in the industry. Aiming at the high irregularity of appearance shape in the production process of magnetite ore，the influence of tip shape on crushing characteristics is clarified，which provides theoretical support for reducing crushing energy consumption. The tip shape of magnetite ore was extracted by HOG feature extraction method，and the impact crushing test of magnetite ore with different tip shapes was carried out by using the guide rod drop hammer impact test system. The research showed that the tip shape extracted by HOG image feature extraction method is single edge，three edge and flat edge. The tip protrusion promotes the impact crushing，and the tip part and the bottom corresponding to the tip are destroyed first，which is the initial point of destruction and gradually spreads to other parts. The impact force time history curve of the tip magnetite ore is mainly divided into the high-amplitude rapid oscillation stage of the impact force and the stable stage of the impact force oscillation. The low-tip protrusion impact force is the most significant in the highamplitude rapid oscillation stage，and the increase of the tip protrusion promotes the impact force oscillation to be gradually significant in the stable stage，and has good impact stability. With the increase of slope amplitude of single edge magnetite ore，the stable stage of impact force oscillation is gradually significant.
    Experiment Study on Quanlity Improvement and Purity Reduction by Magnetic Levitation Separator for Chengchao Magnetic Concentrate
    LI Pengfei, CHEN Xing, HUANG Wen, CHEN Tiejun, LI Chaoqian, ZHENG Deliang
    2023, 39(2):  5-8. 
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    In order to make the pellets in Chengchao Iron Mine meet the requirement of hydrogen base shaft furnace in terms of quality，on the basis of detailed analysis of on-site concentrate，the concentration test was carried out by using magnetic levitation separator. The results showed that concentrate with grade of 68.63% and recovery rate of 96.51% could be obtained directly by two-stage cleaning with magnetic levitation separator without grinding，and tailings with grade of 36.11% and recovery rate of 3.49% could be produced. Under the conditions of grinding fineness of -37 μm accounting for 75%，rising flow of 12 L/min and magnetic field intensity of 8.8 kA/m，by two-stage cleaning with magnetic levitation separator， concentrate with grade of 68.71% and recovery rate of 98.81% was obtaine. And the grade of tailings is 18.38% and can be reduced to 14.62% after magnetic separation reselection. The low grade concentrate with a grade of 51.06% and process recovery rate of 0.34% can be returned to the regrinding operation. Although the two processes can obtain the concentrate meeting the target requirements，the process with pregrinding not only has slightly higher concentrate grade，and the recovery rate is 2.3 percentage points higher，so the process has certain advantages.
    Experiment on Flotation for Iron-selection from Mixed Concentrate after Magnetic Separation in Donganshan
    REN Pengyuan, HOU Ying, ZHAO Tonglin, LIN Song
    2023, 39(2):  9-11. 
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    The iron grade of the mixed concentrate after low-intensity magnetic separation or high-in⁃tensity magnetic separation in Donganshan sintering plant is 45.48%, in which the main minerals are mag⁃ netite, hematite and siderite, along with few quartz and chlorite. In order to obtain higher grade iron concentrate, step-by-step flotation test was carried out. The results showed that under the conditions of 800 g/t for starch and 200 g/t for TD-Ⅱ in direct flotation, 500 g/t for starch and 800 g/t for calcium oxide and 800 g/t for TD-Ⅱin reverse flotation during coarsing, and 400 g/t for TD-Ⅱ in reverse flotation during cleaning, the sample is subjected to once direct flotation. A concentrate with grade of 65.58% and recovery rate of 71.97% was obtained with one roughing, one cleaning, three scavenging and middling ore return in sequence.
    Experimental Study on Iron Separation from Flotation Tailings in Donganshan Sintering Plant
    MA Zifei, CHEN Peiyu, YANG Chun, ZHANG Shumin, LIU Jie
    2023, 39(2):  12-15. 
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    The iron grade of flotation tailings of Donganshan Sintering Plant is 29.42%，in which the main impurity is SiO2. A series of experiments has been carried out to recover the iron minerals. The results showed that the magnetic concentrate with iron grade of 48.39% was obtained with one roughing-one cleaning magnetic separation when the grinding fineness of -0.025 mm was accounting for 95%. One roughing， two cleaning，two scavenging，and middlings sequence return process was adopted under the condition of pulp pH of 11.5，temperature of 40 ℃，starch dosage of 900 g/t，CaO dosage of 1 100 g/t，TD-2 dosage in roughing of 500 g/t and cleaning of 200 g/t and the total iron grade of the reverse flotation concentrate was increased by 37.03% to 66.45%. The recovery rate of total iron was 39.29%，and the content of main impurity SiO2 was reduced from 42.56% to 2.35%. The ideal effect of iron recovery was realized.
    Experimental Study on Low Intensity Magnetic Separation of Preferential Copper Flotation Tailings from an Iron-Copper Deposit in Henan
    ZHAO Kai, ZHANG Chunyan, ZHAO Yongli, WANG Xinyu, ZHANG Dongliang, ZHANG Sensen, SHI Junchao
    2023, 39(2):  16-18. 
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    The structure and mineral composition of an iron-copper deposit in Henan are both simple. The main minerals are magnetite and chalcopyrite，which are coarse grained. In order to determine the technological processing reasonability of low intensity magnetic separation of preferential copper flotation tailings by the closed-circuit process of two roughing，three cleaning，two scavenging，three kinds of iron separation ways have been tested including one roughing one cleaning low intensity magnetic separation for iron，low intensity magnetic cleaning separation using low intensity magnetic rough separation concentrate after grinding，one roughing one cleaning low intensity magnetic separation after grinding. The results showed that the ideal process is low intensity magnetic cleaning separation using low intensity magnetic rough separation concentrate after grinding. When the regrinding fineness reached 90% passing 0.074 mm， the iron concentrate is iron grade of 65.50% and recovery rate of 53.53% with the low intensity magnetic rough separation of 95.54 kA/m and the low intensity magnetic cleaning separation of 67.58 kA/m.
    Review on Iron Ore Processing Technology and Equipment in China
    ZHANG Yingqi
    2023, 39(2):  19-22. 
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    In order to promote the progress of refractory iron ore beneficiation technology，the common beneficiation process and beneficiation equipment are briefly introduced. It is pointed out that the overall sorting process of iron ore can be summarized as one-stage magnetic separation process，stage grinding stage weak magnetic separation process，magnetic separation process with dry pre-selection discarding， magnetic flotation combined beneficiation process，roasting-magnetic separation process. Magnetic separation equipment can be roughly divided into ring magnetic separator，cylinder magnetic separator，column magnetic separator，roller magnetic separator and other categories according to the different structure shapes of magnetic separator. Finally，it is pointed out that the magnetic separation equipment with large， efficient，stable performance and durability is the key direction of future research.
    Development Issues and Suggestions on Comprehensive Utilization of Bulk Industrial Solid Waste in China
    DU Jianlei, DU Genjie, GAO Jianyong, ZHANG Ming
    2023, 39(2):  23-26. 
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    By analyzing the causes of changes in the production volume and comprehensive utilization amount of bulk industrial solid waste in 2021，problems such as insufficient attention to the value of solid waste resources，the value of solid waste energy constraints on policy seriously，cross-industry information asymmetry，heavy storage and light utilization of waste production enterprises，lack of multi-subject market-oriented project investment mode，and poor coordination and implementation of industrial policies are identified. Seven specific suggestions are given as follow: attaching importance to primary resource replacement for bulk industrial solid waste，emphasizing comprehensive benefits of energy stepwise development，enhancing support for key and difficult technologies and construction of specialized platforms for regional industrial solid waste，improving the forward-looking of responsibility subject policy of industry and waste enterprises and solid waste utilization consciousness and diversified modes of solid waste disposal and utilization，achieving solid waste treatment capacity and diversified coordination of systems and mechanisms.
    Study on Hazard Characteristics of Sintering Machine Head Ash in Typical Iron and Steel Smelting Enterprises in Hunan Province
    ZHU Ye, ZHOU Yan, XIAO Hongyuan, LI Fa
    2023, 39(2):  27-29. 
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    Sintering head ash of iron and steel enterprises is bulk industry solid pollutant. Although the sinter head ash is not listed in the National Hazardous Waste List (2021 edition)，in order to strengthen the management of the sinter head ash of iron and steel smelting enterprises in Hunan Province，the hazardous characteristics of the head ash from three typical iron and steel smelting enterprises in Hunan Province，Loudi，Xiangtan and Hengyang were selected for research. The results showed that the sintering machine head ash of the three iron and steel enterprises are all hazardous wastes. The head ash of iron and steel enterprises in Loudi and Xiangtan have the hazardous characteristics of lead leaching toxicity. The head ash of Iron and Steel Enterprise in Hengyang has the hazard characteristics of cadmium leaching toxicity and lead tetroxide toxicity. There are significant differences in the lead leaching concentration and toxic substance content of the machine head ash of the three enterprises，and the lead leaching toxic concentration is significantly related to the pH value of the machine head ash.
    Study on "Soilization" of Stone Powder in a large Limestone Mine in Chongqing
    TANG Liangyong , CHENG Junhui, DU Jiangwei , TANG Gexin
    2023, 39(2):  30-32. 
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    Limestone powder belongs to bulk industrial solid waste，accounting for 5%～10% of the total mass of sand and stone aggregate. How to ensure ultilization with safety，environmental protection and bulk consumption has become a problem that must be solved for the healthy development of limestone industry. Taking the "soilization" of stone powder in a large limestone mine in Chongqing as an example，it is proved that the "soilization" of stone powder is workable，it is suitable for plant growth，and can keep the soil and water without loss，in line with the requirements of ecological restoration. The successful conversion of stone powder into "soil" is of great significance for the restoration of forest and rock desertification. The "soil" transformed from stone powder can be used as slope green cover soil or goaf backfill soil. Taking mining land into agricultural land，conducting ecological restoration and ecological remodeling，rock desertification remediation can make the original barren ditch wasteland into a suitable for mechanization of high-quality farmland.
    Experimental Study on Extracting Manufactured Sand from Products Produced by First Stage Grinding Graded System in An Iron Ore
    MENG Aoshu
    2023, 39(2):  33-36. 
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    In order to extend the service life of tailings pond for an iron ore, it is decided to carry out the process technology of extracting manufactured sand from products produced by first stage grinding graded system in an iron ore. The results showed that the tailings yield in magnetic separation for ball mill discharge from one-stage ball mill reached between 31.30% and 34.90%, in which the grain yield of +0.38 mm that meets the requirement of sand size is about 20%. The iron recovered by regrinding and reseparation of the grain size is of little value and is sold directly. However, it can not only increase the economic benefit of the enterprise by about 30 million yuan per year, but also help to reduce the discharge of fine tailings by about 3 million ton per year when sold as machine-made sand, at the same time, prolonging the service life of the tailings pond.
    Study on Mechanical Properties for Filling Tailing in an Iron Mine
    MAO Ruikun , LING Jiahong , YANG Zilong
    2023, 39(2):  37-39. 
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    In order to optimize the tailings filling technology and economic indicators for an iron mine, tests have been carried out about slurry concentration, cement-sand ratio and new gelling materials. The results showed that ① cement is the main factor affecting the strength of the filling test block. Increasing slurry concentration is beneficial to enhance the strength of the test block. The strength of the test block increased rapidly at the age of 7~28 d, reaching twice of the original. The strength of the test block generally increases at the age of 28~90 d, especially when the cement content is more. ② The yield stress of the slurry is positively related to the slurry concentration after eliminating the factors such as settlement and agglomeration. The slurry mass concentration for non cemented filling should be 74%~72%, and that for cemented filling should be 73%~71%. ③ The addition of cementation powder is conducive to improving the strength of the filling body test block. Therefore, the mine should carry out research and demonstration on the replacement or partial replacement of mining cement with new cementation materials.
    Study on the Technology of Full Tailings Paste Filling of a Copper Mine and its Industrial Application
    SHEN Louyan , MEN Jianbing , XU Gaofeng , FAN Zhonghua, WANG Leiming
    2023, 39(2):  40-43. 
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    The mining of a copper mine adopts underhand horizontal cut and fill stoping，the hydraulic sand filling and classified tailings cemented filling technology used in the past have the problems of large water filtration in the stope，poor working environment，low filling body strength and high filling cost. In order to solve these problems，the application research of the full tailings paste filling process was carried out，the process parameters such as the full tailings dense mass concentration，the ratio of cement to sand and the slurry concentration of the filling body were determined，and a highly integrated and automated full tailings paste filling system scheme was designed. The production practice showed that compared with the traditional filling process，the full tailings paste filling has improved the filling operation efficiency and filling strength，effectively guaranteed the safety and stability of the stope，reduced the impact of underground mining on the surface，improved the comprehensive utilization rate of tailings，significantly reduced the filling cost，reduced the external discharge of tailings，extended the service life of tailings pond， and saved the tailings and backwater transportation costs. Also，it eliminates the potential safety hazards caused by the use of graded fine tailings for dam construction，reduces the pollution and safety risks to the surrounding environment，and is conducive to the sustainable development of the mine and the realization of green mining of the mine.
    Research and Practice on Flocculation Settlement Filling Performance of a Fine Copper Tailings
    SHANG Peng , YU Maojie, ZHANG Bao
    2023, 39(2):  44-46. 
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    In order to compare the difference between flocculation settlement filling and natural settlement filling of a fine copper tailings，the industrial practice of natural settlement filling and flocculation settlement filling was carried out based on the experiments of natural settlement and flocculation settlement. The results showed that in the natural settlement，the sedimentation rate decreases and the bottom flow concentration increases with the increase of slurry concentration，and the maximum bottom flow concentration reached 68%. The flocculant could significantly improve the settlement velocity of whole tailings. When the concentration of tailings slurry was 20%，adding 20 g/t PAM could increase the settlement velocity of whole tailings by 4.66 times，the bottom flow concentration decreased by six percentage points. With the increase of feeding concentration，the sedimentation velocity decreases and the bottom flow concentration increases，and the bottom flow concentration reaches about 55%. The effective core extraction rate，integrity and available samples of the natural settlement backfill were not as good as those of the flocculated settlement backfill，and the strength of effective samples of the backfill by the two processes all meet the strength requirements of the backfill.
    Analysis of Geological Characteristics and Metallogenic Potential of FROG Gold Deposit in Zimbabwe
    WU Weiping , FU Xianrong
    2023, 39(2):  47-50. 
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    Zimbabwe's geological work is relatively backward，lack of geological data，a large number of mineral resources buried deep underground to be developed. Combined with the metallogenic geological characteristics of Zimbabwe，the geological characteristics of FROG gold deposit are analyzed from the aspects of strata，structure，mineralization belt characteristics and ore-controlling factors. The results show that the Archean Bulawayo Group strata and the NW-SE structure are the main ore-controlling factors of the FROG gold deposit. The mining area has great prospecting potential and rich prospecting marks.
    Comprehensive Evaluation of Jurassic Toutunhe Formation Reservoir in Fudong Slope Area
    YANG Zhi, YAO Zongquan, XIAO Xiang, CUI Pengpeng, MA Fudong, QING Xuan
    2023, 39(2):  51-56. 
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    In view of the present situation of many influencing factors，difficult evaluation and weak reservoir research in Fudong slope area of Junggar Basin，the Jurassic Toutunhe Formation in Fudong slope area is taken as an example to analyze the petrological and physical characteristics of samples in the study area. Firstly，analyze core data and establish a logging porosity physical property interpretation model. The porosity，mud content，mudstone thickness，microfacies type，sand/gravel ratio and sandstone thickness are selected as reservoir evaluation factors，and the reservoir evaluation model of Jurassic Toutunhe Formation in Fudong slope is established. The grey system theory is used to select the mother-child sequence and calculate the correlation coefficient and correlation degree，and then the weight coefficient of the evaluation parameters is obtained. The inflection point method is used to determine the classification threshold of reservoir comprehensive evaluation，and the reservoir classification standard is clarified to realize the reservoir evaluation of Jurassic Toutunhe Formation in Fudong slope area. The production test shows that the evaluation results are in good agreement with the actual productivity of oil and gas，indicating that the reservoir characterization evaluation method based on pore model and grey theory is effective.
    Application of Integrated Geophysical Method in Chendian Magnetic Anomaly Verification
    CHAI Chongyang, SONG Wei, JI Yindong, LI Wanzhong
    2023, 39(2):  57-60. 
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    In order to verify the abnormal source of Chendian and explore the effective geophysical combination method for finding iron mineralized bodies in the deep overburden area of Wuyang-Xincai iron metallogenic belt，the magnetic anomaly of Chendian was studied by comprehensive geophysical methods such as ground high-precision magnetic profile measurement and ground high-precision gravity profile measurement. Based on the speculation and interpretation of integrated geophysical profile anomalies，boreholes are laid for verification. The results show that Chendian magnetic anomaly is caused by deep iron ore bodies. The iron ore bodies occur in Archean Taihua Group strata，and the buried depth is large. The gravity and magnetic inversion inferred the spatial distribution characteristics of the stratigraphic structure，tectonic framework and magnetic body in the area.
    Ore Body Characteristics and Prospecting Direction of Qinggangping Lead-zinc Deposit in Ruyang，Henan
    LIU Ronghui , YIN Jianfeng , WANG Lingmin, MA Yanfei , WANG Yadong, XU Qihui
    2023, 39(2):  61-65. 
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    Influenced by the Taishanmiao granite body in the south of Ruyang，Henan Province，the magmatic activity in Fudian-Wangping area of Ruyang County is strong，and the fault structure is developed，forming a polymetallic deposit dominated by lead，zinc and molybdenum. This paper takes Qinggangping lead-zinc deposit in Ruyang County as the research object，and explores the characteristics of regional deposits through geological survey and engineering exposure，so as to provide guidance for prospecting work. The results show that the lead-zinc ore bodies mainly occur in the nearly east-west tectonic belt， and are produced in a pod-like belt. The occurrence of ore bodies is northward，and the fault structure is the main factor affecting the distribution of deposits. By analyzing the metallogenic mechanism of the deposit，it is considered that there is still a large prospecting space around the discovered lead-zinc ore bodies and the periphery of large molybdenum deposits in this area.
    Metallogenic Characteristics and Prospecting Prospect Analysis of Rencun Copper Mine in Ma'anshan
    LI Kai
    2023, 39(2):  66-70. 
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    Based on the existing results of geological work in Rencun Copper Mine，the geological characteristics and metallogenic model of the mining area and deposit are discussed，and the genesis and ore-controlling factors of the deposit are further studied，and a new prospecting area in the region is proposed. The deposit is a post-magmatic hydrothermal vein copper deposit，and the ore body mainly has three occurrence states. The first is a set of nearly parallel joint fissure zones and fracture zones in the north-north-west direction in the andesite layer of the second member of the Dawangshan Formation. The second is produced in the joint fissure zone of andesite and syenite porphyry vein near the contact zone between syenite porphyry and andesite. The third is produced in the tuff layer of the contact zone between the granite and the tuff layer of the Dawangshan Formation. The ore body is controlled by the contact zone，the interlayer joint fissure zone and the fracture zone in the tuff layer，which is generally veined，lenticular and layered. The Tongshan-Daquantang-Wucun copper-gold anomaly on the north and northeast side of the deposit is delineated as a prospecting area，which has certain guiding significance for the next prospecting and exploration in this area.
    Analysis of Resource Conditions and Suggestions for National Park Planning for Funiu Mountain Area
    GUO Jiazeng, LI Jingzhao, ZHANG Jingqi, YANG Lei, YAO Guangzong, HE Tiantian, WANG Dan, CHEN Yifei, FENG Mengyun
    2023, 39(2):  71-74. 
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    Funiu Mountain is located on the boundary line of cities in western Henan Province. Various natural protected areas have been established in the mountainous area，which are managed by different counties，cities and industry departments. Ecological protection and resource development are fragmented， which is not conducive to coordinated development. The resource survey shows that there are many cultural tourism scenic spots，typical geological relics，obvious biodiversity and abundant freshwater resources in Funiu Mountain area，which have the resource conditions for the construction of national parks. The planning suggestions of Funiu Mountain National Park are as follows : integrating the unified planning and coordinated development of mountain resources，taking into account the ecological protection and resource utilization in park zoning，and ecological restoration and construction according to local conditions. The planning and construction of the national park in the Funiu Mountain area can break the regional and industrial barriers，unify the planning and protection of typical geological relics such as biodiversity and rare species，dinosaur egg fossils，and water sources such as the Danjiangkou Reservoir area，and rationally develop mountain resources on the basis of ecological resource protection. Promote the coordinated development of economy，society and ecological civilization.
    Analysis of the Influence of Image Control Point Distribution on the Accuracy of UAV Monitoring Highway Deformation
    MU Haipeng, YANG Mohan, ZHANG Xiaolu, SONG Kun, GAO Wei, MA Junling
    2023, 39(2):  75-78. 
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    UAV provides a new way for deformation monitoring of buildings（structures）in mining area. Image control point is the main factor affecting the accuracy of UAV deformation monitoring. The influence of image control point distribution on the accuracy of UAV monitoring highway deformation is studied by experiments. The research shows that : ① UAV can quickly and efficiently obtain the deformation state of the whole highway. If it is necessary to obtain higher measurement accuracy，more image control points need to be arranged，and the corresponding labor intensity also increases. ② Both the plane error and the elevation error will decrease with the decrease of the distance between the image control points，but they will tend to be stable after reducing to a certain extent. ③ In the process of UAV deformation monitoring， the influence of image control point layout on plane error is greater than that of elevation error. As the distance between image control points decreases，the plane error and elevation error decrease rapidly，but the plane error decreases faster. The research results have reference significance for the application of UAV in highway deformation monitoring in mining area.
    Research and Practice of Caving Engineering in Extra-large Goaf of Underground Mine
    HU Yongquan, WANG Haijun, ZHU Jun, CAO Xinhai
    2023, 39(2):  79-83. 
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    When the roof of underground mine is stable and difficult to fall naturally，it is easy to form a large goaf and produce a large safety hazard. By analyzing the technical conditions of the mine，the caving characteristics of the roof are studied，and the deep hole blasting induced caving method combined with local caving and roof cutting weakening is designed to deal with the large goaf. After successful implementation，the scheme basically eliminates the potential safety hazards of super-large goaf and has reference value for similar projects.
    Study on Flocculation and Sedimentation Law of Unclassified Tailings Based on Static and Dynamic Thickening Test
    WANG Huijing
    2023, 39(2):  84-87. 
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    The unclassified tailings flocculation sedimentation technology is the key technology of filling slurry preparation in filling mining.In order to study the flocculation sedimentation law of unclassified tailings in Yinzhushan Lead-zinc-silver Mine，the static and dynamic flocculation sedimentation test was carried out，and the orthogonal test and data fitting research method were used to analyze the influence of flocculant，whole tailings concentration and feeding speed on the flocculation sedimentation of unclassified tailings.The results show that the optimum type selection of flocculant is 12 million molecular weight APAM，the optimum concentration of flocculant is 1.354‰，the optimum mass concentration of total tailings is 25.162%， the optimum unit consumption of flocculant is 37.925 g/t，and the optimum feeding speed ( dry tailings ) is 0.7 t/(m2·h).The test results can provide technical support for the selection of thickener in this mine.
    Optimization of Coal Roadway Strip Gas Pre-drainage by Floor Crossing Hole
    LAI Liujing, ZHANG Cuilan , ZHANG Shangbin
    2023, 39(2):  88-91. 
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    Aiming at the problems of poor gas pre-drainage effect and difficult drainage standard in M9 coal seam roadway of Linhua Coal Mine，the improvement measures are put forward from the aspects of drilling design，construction，hole sealing and drainage. It includes optimizing the drilling design parameters to reduce the drilling movement，using the ' guide drill pipe + control pressure drilling rig ' to reduce the amount of falling，using air slag discharge in the coal section to reduce the gas dynamic phenomenon， using the bag and FDLFZ fast sealing device to optimize the sealing，using the secondary hydraulic reaming to extend the peak period of drilling flow，and optimize the buried pipe process and reasonable control of the extraction pipe network. After technical optimization，it was implemented in the cross-seam borehole of 1091 transportation bottom pumping roadway in Linhua Coal Mine. After 12 months of pre-pumping，the extraction rate reached 66.1%. After the extraction reaches the standard，there is no gas dynamic phenomenon，and the average daily progress of coal roadway excavation is more than 7 m.
    Research and Application of Open-pit Mine Blasting Delay Time Based on Digital Electronic Detonator
    FU Qiang, YANG Junjun, ZHANG Wei, HANG Gang, ZHANG Feng, LIU Zhiming
    2023, 39(2):  92-95. 
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    In order to solve the problems of high block rate and large blasting vibration in deep hole blasting in open-pit mines，the application research is carried out by using the characteristics of high delay precision and free setting of delay time of digital electronic detonator. Through the theoretical analysis of explosive explosion，the theoretical delay time between holes and rows in blasting network is calculated. The stress and vibration velocity around the blasting hole were analyzed and verified by numerical simulation. Combined with a large number of field blasting test data，the influence of digital electronic detonator blasting delay time on blasting fragmentation and blasting vibration was summarized. The results show that the blasting block rate can be effectively reduced by improving the delay accuracy of digital electronic detonator，and the ore powder rate is increased from 28% to 44.5%. By accurately controlling the delay time between holes and rows，the blasting vibration can be effectively reduced.
    Experimental Study on Blasting of Different Media Uncoupled Charge
    LI Zongwu , MA Dong , HU Shichao, GAO Changsheng, HAN Xuejiao, LI Dong , GONG Guohui , CHEN Honghao
    2023, 39(2):  96-99. 
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    In order to study the influence of uncoupling charge medium on blasting effect，a new digital laser dynamic caustics test system was used to compare the dynamic crack propagation characteristics of eccentric decoupling charge in water，air and yellow mud. The results show that the explosion shock wave of the eccentric uncoupled charge shows asymmetry，and the shock wave first acts on the eccentric side of the hole and then acts on the non-eccentric side of the hole. When the water is the uncoupled charge medium，the main crack initiation time is the earliest and the peak stress intensity factor at the main crack tip is the largest. In terms of the peak velocity of the main crack propagation，the medium effect is water > air > yellow mud.
    Research on Engineering Test of 110 Method Gob-side Entry Retaining in Honglin Coal Mine
    CHEN Hua, CAO Juncai, DAN Shenfu, YANG Wei
    2023, 39(2):  100-104. 
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    The 9# coal seam of Honglin Coal Mine in Guizhou is a prominent coal seam. The roadway engineering required for the formation of the mining face is large，the tunneling cost is high，the time is long，and it is easy to cause the tension of mining and excavation，and the gob-side entry retaining can better overcome these problems. Because the mine is affected by gas disasters and complex geological conditions，and there is no experience in the construction of gob-side entry retaining technology，it is necessary to carry out targeted theoretical analysis and field test. The project first evaluated the engineering geological conditions on site，and designed the initial parameters of the gob-side entry retaining scheme based on the industry standard. Then，some parameters were optimized by field test，and a 200 m length roadway retaining project was implemented according to the optimization scheme. Finally，the law of bearing capacity change and surrounding rock deformation evolution of supporting anchor cable is analyzed by collecting mine pressure and deformation data. The test shows that the optimized technical parameters of gob-side entry retaining can meet the needs of safe in Honglin Coal Mine，and the results provide reference for similar projects.
    Design and Application of a Phosphate Mine Transportation System
    HU Jianzhao
    2023, 39(2):  105-108. 
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    A phosphate mine is a large-scale new underground mine with a scale of 5 million t/a. The original design adopted the main and auxiliary shaft development and rail transportation. In view of the problems existing in the original transportation system，such as construction difficulties，difficult adjustment of transportation capacity，large amount of development work，high construction investment，poor safety and long construction period，according to the distribution characteristics of reserves and the trans⁃ portation demand in the middle section，the whole belt transportation scheme and the 400 m level main belt + panel truck transportation scheme are proposed，and the technical and economic analysis is carried out. By comparison，compared with the original transportation scheme，the 400 m level main belt + panel truck transportation scheme reduces the amount of development work by 205 315 m3 and reduces the project investment by 115.38 million yuan. At the same time，it simplifies the transportation link，improves the degree of mechanization，shortens the construction time，improves the by-product yield of ore，and adjusts the transportation capacity according to the market situation with remarkable economic benefits.
    Huashugou Mining Area Caving Mining Top-caving Scheme Selection
    CAO Linjun, LIN Fanyou, WANG Ruipeng
    2023, 39(2):  109-111. 
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    After analysis，the natural top-caving method is not feasible in the ore recovery of the west extension 10-12 line of I ore body in Huashugou mining area，and it is necessary to adopt the method of manual forced caving. Considering the factors such as production cost，safety，work management and comprehensive benefit，the technical and economic comparison of top-caving first and then mining method，centralized top-caving method and top-caving while mining method to explore the best top-caving scheme. The results show that the scheme of caving first and then stoping has high safety，simple stoping and caving management，and can release some ore in advance. This scheme is recommended. After the application of this scheme，12.455 2 million yuan of economic benefits will be generated.
    Application of Electronic Detonator Millisecond Blasting Technology in Yinshan Mine Excavation Blasting
    ZHANG Jianhua, ZHANG Yujian, CHEN Zhiqiang, WANG Guoli
    2023, 39(2):  112-114. 
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    In the underground excavation blasting，the setting of the delay time of the electronic detonator is the key factor affecting the blasting effect. Through the theoretical analysis of the delay time setting of large diameter empty hole straight hole cutting blasting，it is proposed to optimize the millisecond delay time correction formula. It is concluded that the cut hole is detonated hole by hole with a millisecond interval of 150~300 ms，and the caving eye and the surrounding eye are detonated at the same delay interval of 50~100 ms. The practice in the excavation of underground roadway in Yinshan Mine shows that the operation safety of the scheme is greatly improved，and the effect is good after blasting.The residual hole of the cutting hole is basically below 20 cm，and the average utilization rate of the excavation hole is more than 93 %，and the phenomenon of residual drug and residual hole is rare.The cross-section of the roadway is regular，the rock block after blasting is uniform，the blasting pile is concentrated，and the economic benefits and social benefits are remarkable.
    Study on the Influence of Bedding Angle on the Mechanical Properties of Failure and Instability of Composite Rock Mass
    LI Aobo, JIA Xingyuan, ZHANG Heng, ZHOU Qing, CAO Wenhao, ZHU Yawei, CHANG Xiaolong
    2023, 39(2):  115-118. 
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    The composite rock mass with bedding angle has obvious dip angle effect，and its mechanical properties will change with the change of bedding angle.In order to explore the influence of bedding angle on the mechanical properties of composite rock mass failure and instability，the RA value，stress-strain curve，peak strength and elastic modulus of rock samples with different bedding angles under uniaxial compression were obtained by theoretical analysis and laboratory test.The results show that the combined rock mass with different bedding angles mainly undergoes shear failure at the initial stage of loading，and then ex⁃ tends to tensile failure at the later stage of loading.The specimen with an inclination angle of 15° mainly undergoes shear tensile composite failure，and the specimen with an inclination angle of 25° mainly undergoes shear slip failure. The peak strength and elastic modulus decrease with the increase of the bedding angle.
    Development of Deterministic and Non-deterministic Analysis Methods for Slope Stability
    XIA Gangyuan, WANG Lidie, HOU Kepeng, WANG Wanlu
    2023, 39(2):  119-122. 
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    There are deterministic and non-deterministic factors affecting slope stability. At present， various analysis and evaluation methods have their own characteristics and applicability. In order to facilitate the reasonable evaluation of the stability of the slope in the project and select the appropriate method quickly and accurately，this paper analyzes the principles，conditions and applicable types of several classical and commonly used slope evaluation methods according to the degree of certainty of the analysis factors. There are many factors related to slope stability，which are interrelated and interact with each other. The main stability influencing factors of slopes under different types of conditions are different. Before using the uncertain evaluation method to evaluate，it is necessary to excavate the influence factors suitable for the object to be evaluated more carefully. Coupling deterministic and non-deterministic methods can achieve a combination of advantages，so as to solve problems more accurately.
    Study on Blasting Vibration Propagation Law of Heterogeneous Interface Between Rock and Cemented Filling Body
    ZHANG Yingping, MAO Guobing
    2023, 39(2):  123-126. 
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    In order to study the blasting vibration propagation law of heterogeneous interface，the vibration monitoring of cemented backfill with different strength was carried out by using the research method of model experiment and combining with the actual production of mine. The results show that in the heterogeneous interface，the damping effect of the cemented backfill decreases with the increase of its strength. The damping effect of the cemented backfill with a strength of 3.2 MPa is the worst，and the best damping effect is the cemented backfill with a strength of 0.45 MPa. When the blasting seismic wave propagates outward，its propagation direction and path will change，and its waveform will be converted to each other. It is observed that the cemented backfill with a strength of 0.45 MPa has the strongest reflection ability and the weakest transmission ability，while the cemented backfill with a strength of 3.2 MPa has the weakest reflection ability and the strongest transmission ability.
    Study on Process Mineralogy of Bastnaesite ores from a Region of Madagascar
    HUANG Zhimin, HUI Bo
    2023, 39(2):  127-130. 
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    In order to understand the economic value of rare earth ore resources in a mining area in Madagascar, and provide a basis for the development and utilization and the determination of the beneficiation process, a detailed process mineralogical study of the ore was carried out. The results showed that the main minerals containing rare earth components in the ore is bastnaesite and monazite. These two minerals are in a good state of occurrence, the total rare earth oxide (TREO) grade is up to 12.20%, and mainly light rare earth components are Ce, La and Nd. The dissemination characteristics of bastnaesite is coarse, greater than 0.1 mm accounting for 61.13%, which is conducive to separate and recovery rare earth minerals with gravity separation. Because of the large density difference between bastnaesite and goethite, mica and quartz, which are in close contact with each other, it can be separated by gravity separation process. While the separation between bastnaesite and barite with high content and similar density can be realized by means of electromagnetic characteristics difference.
    Study on Process Mineralogy of a Molybdenum Ore in Mongolia
    LI Yang, LUO Guoqing, LU Keke
    2023, 39(2):  131-133. 
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    In order to effectively utilize the molybdenum ore resources with low grade and multiple associated components in Mongolia，systematic process mineralogy research was carried out. The results showed that the useful minerals in ores are molybdenite，powellite and scheelite，and harmful gangue minerals is talc. Molybdenite is with variable grain sizes，while scheelite has fine particle size. The particle size of powellite is between them. The structure of the ore is mainly granular columnar crystalloblastic structures and texture is mainly massive texture. Molybdenite is flaky or curved scales. Powellite is mostly selfshaped grain contained in garnet，diopside，calcite and other minerals. Scheelite is associated with apophyllite. About 30% of molybdenum in ore exists in the form of molybdenum oxide，which has a great influence on the flotation recovery rate of molybdenum. Talc with the related floatability of molybdenite can be removed by high-intensity magnetic separation process. The mineral separation process of sediment separation，auxiliary magnetic separation，and beneficiation-metallurgy union is recommended.
    Study on Process Mineralogy for Flotation Tailings in Guanbaoshan
    LI Tianshu, LANG Mingyue, LI Zhiming, FANG Shunyao
    2023, 39(2):  134-138. 
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    In order to realize the recovery and utilization of flotation tailings in Guanbaoshan，the MLA system was used to study the process mineralogy of samples. The results showed that the content of magnetite (hematite)，siderite and limonite in the sample are 23.27%，7.04% and 2.14% respectively， which are the main iron-bearing minerals，of which the iron distribution rates are 79.13%，14.12% and 5.91% respectively. The main gangue mineral is quartz with the content of 66.53%. The grain size distribu⁃ tion of the three iron minerals is very fine，and the grain size of gangue minerals is fine. The iron mineral and gangue mineral in the sample have a certain amount of monomer，but more of them are intergrowth， and the intergrowth relationship is close. The research results can be used as the basis for the comprehensive utilization of the iron tailings resources.
    Review on Evaluation Methods for Consistency of Particle Size Distribution Curve
    LI Chen, GUO Jingyi, ZUO Weiran
    2023, 39(2):  139-142. 
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    In the crushing of mineral processing，the particle size distribution curve has been widely used to characterize the crushing characteristics of ore. In order to complete research about curve consistency for particle size distribution curve in the different crushing condition，several methods such as distance formula，test formula and correlation coefficient are introduced to quantified the consistency degree between actual particle size distribution curve and theory particle size distribution curve. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are analyzed and compared，as well as the use feasibility in the particle size distri⁃ bution curve. In the distance formula，the least absolute deviation method is complex，but the results are intuitive and stable.The least squares method is simple but vulnerable to outliers. Fréchet distance quantifies the overall difference from the characteristics of the curve. In the test formula，K-S test makes up for the deficiency of chi-square test which is restricted by the number of samples，while A-D test increases the weight of the rear data on the basis of K-S test，which makes it more sensitive in the result analysis.
    Experimental Study on Beneficiation of a Gold Ore in Zhashui，Shaanxi Province
    HE Guoshuai, HUANG Xiaoyi, YANG Pingwei, CHEN Shengjun, LUO Xiaoxin, GUO Ting
    2023, 39(2):  143-145. 
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    A gold ore in Zhashui，Shaanxi Province belongs to carbonaceous argillaceous siltstone type and barenci-cataclastic type gold ores.The gold in the ore mainly exists in the form of submicroscopic gold，and the main carrier minerals are pyrite and arsenopyrite. In order to determine the development and utilization technology of the ore，beneficiation test was carried out. The results showed that under the condition of grinding fineness of -0.074 mm accounting for 78%，a gold concentrate with gold grade of 108.15 g/t， silver grade of 27.00 g/t and arsenic content of 10.78%，and gold recovery rate of 92.14% can be obtained by the process of two roughing，one scavenging and middling return. The test indexes is better and can be used as the design basis for the concentrator.
    Experimental Study on Beneficiation of a Molybdenum Ore in Jilin Province
    YAO Hui , WANG Hui , WANG Yiqing, ZHONG Zaiding, KOU Qingjun, HE Hanbing
    2023, 39(2):  146-148. 
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    The disseminated grain size of molybdenite in a low-grade and high mud bearing molybdenum ore in Jilin is uneven and the shape is complex. In order to determine the high efficiency and low cost development and utilization process of ore，beneficiation tests were carried out. The results showed coarse concentrate with Mo grade of 6.955% and recovery rate of 91.83% can be obtained by adopting the process of one roughing，one cleaning，two scavenging and the middling returning in sequence when the grinding fineness of the ore with Mo grade of 0.081% is -74 μm accounting for 55%. Molybdenum concentrate with Mo grade of 53.79%，Cu content of 0.17% and molybdenum recovery rate of 94.44% can be obtained by adopting the process of one coarse，five cleaning，two scavenging and middling return in sequence when the regrinding fineness of the coarse concentrate with Mo grade of 6.90% and Cu content of 1.12% is -38 μm accounting for 90%. The test process is simple and efficient，which can be used as a basis for development and utilization.
    Experimental Study on Beneficiation of a Sulfurous Iron Ore in Guizhou
    YANG Wenshou
    2023, 39(2):  149-152. 
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    The valuable mineral of a sulfurous iron ore in Guizhou is pyrite，and the gangue minerals are mainly clay minerals such as kaolinite. The size distribution of pyrite is uneven，with the small ones less than 0.05 mm，and the large aggregate sizes up to 15 mm，mostly between 0.1 and 2.5 mm. The sulfur in the form of sulfide accounts for 97.97% of the total sulfur. In order to determine the development and utilization process of the ore，the mineral processing test was carried out. The results showed that the gravity total concentrate with a yield of 43.48%，S grade of 33.05% and S recovery rate of 91.30% can be obtained when 5~0.5 mm fraction in 5~0 mm crushed ore treated by jigging gravity separation and 0.5~0 mm fraction in 5~0 mm crushed ore treated by spiral chute gravity separation. Then，the total concentrate in gravity separation was ground to -200 mesh accounting for 65%，sodium silicate as disperser for slime，butyl xanthate + ammonium dibutyl dithiophosphate combined for collecting pyrite. With the cooperation of foaming agent 2# oil and activating agent copper sulfate，sulfur concentrate with sulfur grade of 50.35% and recovery rate of 86.58% was obtained by a closed-circuit beneficiation process with one roughing，two cleaning， three scavenging and middling ore return in sequence. The test index is ideal，which can be used as the basis for development and utilization of the ore.
    Study of Phosphate-ester Surfactants Strengthening the Low-temperature Floating Phosphorus from Gravity Separation Tailings of a Phosphate Mine
    ZHANG Zhenghu, LUO Huihua, CHEN Hui, ZHAO Jun, LIU Yutong, LIU Xin, WANG Xudong, LIU Xing
    2023, 39(2):  153-155. 
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    In order to realize the low-temperature (10～12 ℃) positive flotation of phosphate ore， low-temperature flotation tests were carried out with twelve kinds of phosphate-ester surfactants for gravity separation tailings in Houping Mining Section of Shukongping Mining Area in Hubei Province. The results showed that AEO-3P，APE-4P，and EB-10P could be served as low-temperature flotation synergists， and the synergistic effect of AEO-3P is better than APE-4P and EB-10P. The synergistic effect of MAP-K and ODEP-K were weak，and the other phosphate-ester had no synergistic effect. It indicated that polyoxyethylene ether phosphate containing alcohol，phenolic group，with low polymerization and suitable carbon chain has good low-temperature synergistic effect. While Phosphate-ester without polyoxyethylene or salt (PBTCA，HEDP-2Na) play an inhibitory effect. The synergistic effect of phosphate-ester with short carbon chain and larger polymerization is not obvious，may be caused by the strong hydrophilic of such agents.
    Research and Engineering Practice of Mine Water Purification Technology with Nanofiltration as the Core
    YANG Zhiqiang, WANG Lijie , DENG Yanxia, ZHOU Tao, ZHAO Pengfei
    2023, 39(2):  156-159. 
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    Based on the water quality purification of recharge water in an iron mine，the nanofiltration process of mine water was studied in depth from the aspects of nanofiltration membrane pretreatment requirements，nanofiltration membrane fouling prevention，colloidal pollution prevention，biological pollution prevention，organic pollution prevention and membrane deterioration prevention，and a set of high efficiency and energy saving mine water purification technology with nanofiltration as the core is proposed. The combined water purification technology with nanofiltration as the core，such as 'clarifier flocculation sedi⁃ mentation+multi-media filtration+self-cleaning mechanical filtration+nanofiltration membrane separation technology+sodium hypochlorite disinfection '，was used to treat mine water. The water quality of the produced water meets the national standard of recharge water quality. The operating cost is about 30% lower than that of reverse osmosis technology，and the first metallurgical mine demonstration project in China is built. The research results can provide technical support for the popularization and application of nanofiltration technology in metallurgical mining industry.
    Application of Geological Radar in Advanced Detection of Metal Mines
    LI Xinyang, WU Chaofan, CHEN Dong, CHEN Xiaobing, JIN Qizhong
    2023, 39(2):  160-163. 
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    In the process of roadway excavation in metal mines，the hidden geological anomalies in front are easy to cause accidents，so it is necessary to detect the roadway excavation face in advance. The geological radar with an antenna frequency of 100 MHz was used to detect the front of the roadway excavation in Makeng Iron Mine. The advanced detection data of the geological radar were collected and analyzed to explore the geological anomaly in front of the excavation，and the analysis results were verified by actual excavation. The results show that the geological radar advanced detection technology has high prediction accuracy in metal mines and is sensitive to water-bearing structures，which can provide effective technical support for roadway excavation.
    Application of 4G+5G+Wi-Fi6 Integrated Communication System in Coal Mine
    LIU Chengwu , JING Dongxu
    2023, 39(2):  164-168. 
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    In view of the aging of the existing communication system in Longhua Coal Mine, the limited development of technology, the weak wireless signal and the small amount of information transmission, based on the analysis of the existing mine communication technology, a set of 4G+5G+Wi-Fi6 communication system which can integrate the existing communication system is established. The system adopts the mine-specific 5G core networking architecture, and the data is communicated internally, which ensures the high security and low latency of data transmission. The system integrates the existing communication system of the mine, realizes the business functions of voice call, video call and mobile business functions, as well as the non-business functions of recording, conference and integrated communication, and meets the information transmission function requirements of large data transmission in each working area of the mine.
    Application of 3D Laser Scanner in Mining Engineering Acceptance of Jinchuan Copper-Nickel Mine
    PAN Xuefeng , FAN Danlei, FANG Mingliang , JIANG Jiapu
    2023, 39(2):  168-170. 
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    Maptek I-Site SR3 three-dimensional laser scanner is introduced into Jinchuan No.2 mining area, which is applied to the acceptance work of mining engineering. Relying on its excellent measurement accuracy, work efficiency and non-contact measurement, it greatly reduces the intensity of measurement and safety hazards while improving the quality and efficiency of engineering acceptance. The Point Studio modeling software supported by the scanner can quickly build a three-dimensional solid model and accurately calculate the amount of mining work. This technology lays a foundation for creating green mines and digital mines.
    Application of Backhoe Loader in Mining Engineering of Broken Ore Body
    WANG Xin
    2023, 39(2):  171-173. 
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    Due to the fragmentation of the ore body and the influence of blasting vibration，the ore body of Xiajiadian Gold Mine in Shaanxi is prone to large-scale spalling and roof collapse during the excavation of the roadway. In order to avoid this problem，backhoe loader is used instead of drilling and blasting method. Practice has proved that the backhoe loader operation can effectively reduce the risk of roadway collapse，and has advantages in the aspects of route support，mining efficiency，route filling，safety and environmental protection，which solves the problems in the mining process of complex broken ore body in Xiajiadian Gold Mine.
    Research on the Benefit Distribution of Ecological Protection in Mining Area Based on the Perspection of Contribution Degree
    LIU Gaochang , XIE Yiting , TAN Jiyu
    2023, 39(2):  174-179. 
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    The fragmentation of the current administrative system is incompatible with the overall characteristics of regional environmental issues，forcing intergovernmental cooperation on ecological and environmental protection. However，the imbalance between the contribution of partners and the distribution of benefits leads to negative effects of cooperation or selective attention. Based on the fuzzy decision theory， the evaluation subject is optimized from the perspective of public value and stakeholder participation，and the index system is constructed from the perspective of value creation. The combined weighted arithmetic average operator is used to aggregate attribute information，and the subjective and objective comprehensive weighting method is applied to construct the contribution measurement model of the collaborators. Combined with the actual case of ecological protection in the rare earth mining area in southern Jiangxi，the benefit distribution scheme is effectively optimized. The program is conducive to promoting the stability of cooperative organizations，reducing the negative effects of organizations，and promoting the ecological pro⁃ tection of mining areas.
    Analysis of Detection Results of Large-area Fire Area in Outcrop of Baoding Coalfield in Panzhihua
    GUO Yu, FAN Yongxin , GAO Hang
    2023, 39(2):  180-183. 
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    Scientific analysis of the combustion boundary of coal outcrop fire area and accurate judgment of its influence range and harm degree are conducive to putting forward effective control measures. Panzhihua City used advanced technical means and equipment such as high-resolution remote sensing and UAV aerial survey to carry out detailed detection of large-area fire areas in Baoding Coalfield. The combustion conditions of 39 fire areas were detected，and 44.85 km2 optical images，10.30 km2 thermal infrared images and 250 km2 remote sensing images were formed. The area of outcrop fire area was delineated to be 174，300 m2，and the area of influence area was delineated to be 12，851，900 m2. According to the detection results，the characteristics，causes and hazards of the fire area were analyzed，and the principle of " graded prevention，gradual promotion and comprehensive control " was proposed. Comprehensive prevention and control measures such as fire monitoring，fire source detection，water injection cooling，grouting fire extinguishing，coal stripping in high temperature area and loess coverage are adopted to promote the progress of fire area control，which provides basic data and decision-making basis for large-area fire area control in outcrop of Baoding Coalfield.
    Analysis of Hydrogeological Characteristics and Prediction of Water Inflow in Zhaolou Coal Mine of Shandong Province
    SONG Zhaorui
    2023, 39(2):  184-187. 
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    Based on the geological background and engineering geological data of Zhaolou Coal Mine in Juye Coalfield，the hydrogeological characteristics and water filling factors of the mine are analyzed. Combined with the underground hydrological observation data and geological drilling pumping test data， the large well method and hydrogeological analogy method are used to predict the mine water inflow. The research shows that the water filling source in the mine is mainly from the coal seam of the upper coal group， and the direct water filling source of the upper coal group is the sandstone aquifer of the roof and floor of the No.3 coal seam and the three ash aquifer of the Taiyuan group. Combined with the actual conditions，it is recommended to use the calculation results of the large well method. It is estimated that the normal water inflow of the mine is 504 m3/h，and the maximum water inflow is 756 m3/h.
    Metal Mine Tailings Remote Network DCS Security Early Warning and Control System
    YANG Fan, ZHANG Peihang, ZHANG Xinyi, DAI Fuping, LI Bo, LIU Shui, DONG Weilong
    2023, 39(2):  188-193. 
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    In order to change the shortcomings of traditional tailings reservoir management and con⁃ trol，such as high labor intensity，inability to predict potential dangers in advance，and timely early warning and handling of problems，a tailings reservoir safety early warning system based on remote network DCS is proposed. Firstly，the macro control architecture of remote network DCS of tailings reservoir is de signed，which includes perception layer，aggregation layer，service layer and application layer. Then，the hardware and software function design of each layer is introduced in detail，and the PLC program design of DCS aggregation layer and the software design of remote network application layer are mainly discussed. Finally，the structure of early warning and diagnosis expert system for tailings reservoir is explained in detail. The practice shows that the system greatly reduces the labor intensity and maintenance cost of workers pa trolling metal tailings pond，improves the safety monitoring and management level of tailings reservoir，and has good demonstration and application value.
    Analysis of the Influence of Fault on the Stability of the Bottom Structure of Pulang Copper Mine
    FENG Xinglong, ZHE Yalei, HUANG Zhenggao, DU Guiquan, LI Zhijun, PENG Zhang
    2023, 39(2):  194. 
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    The faults in the rock strata of the bottom structure of Pulang Copper Mine are crisscrossed. The five faults in the first mining area cut the ore body vertically and horizontally. The ore rock in the fault and the nearby influence zone is broken，the rock self-bearing capacity is poor，and the bottom structure is prone to deformation and failure. Through the long-term follow-up investigation of the site damage，it is concluded that the bottom structure of Pulang Copper Mine belongs to the type of ' strong top and weak side'. Using FLAC3D numerical simulation software，by gradually increasing the vertical stress of the bottom structure，the mechanical state of surrounding rock near the bottom structure fault under different ore accumulation thicknesses is simulated and analyzed. The results show that the displacement and deformation of surrounding rock near the fault are large，the stress state of the bottom structure is related to the distribution of the fault，and the fault has a great influence on the stability of the bottom structure.
    Stability Analysis and Control Measures of Fully Mechanized Mining Support with Large Mining Height
    LI Jixing
    2023, 39(2):  197-200. 
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    Large mining height fully mechanized mining technology has significant advantages in thick coal seam mining，but too high mining height will affect the stability of the support. Through the me chanical analysis of the support，the influencing factors of the support instability under the condition of large mining height are discussed，and the limit inclination angle of the support in the free state and different mining height states is obtained. When the mining height is less than 4.2 m，the limit angle decreases with the increase of roof pressure，but the decrease is smaller and smaller. When the mining height is greater than 4.2 m，the limit angle increases with the increase of roof pressure，and the greater the increase. The stability of the support is related to its width. The wider the support is，the higher the stability is. The development trend of support selection in large mining height coal working face is to increase the support width.
    Study on Stress Distribution and Microseismic Activity Law of Island Working Face in Asymmetric Goaf
    XIAO Ziyi, LIU Tijun, ZHAO Zihao, SUN Weichao, LIAN Hongwei
    2023, 39(2):  201-206. 
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    Co.，Ltd.; 3. College of Mining Engineering，China University of Mining and Technology） Abstract In order to effectively prevent and control rock burst in island working face of asymmetric goaf，the stress distribution law and microseismic evolution characteristics during adjacent goaf are studied. Based on the engineering background of 33下02 working face in Jining No.2 Coal Mine，the mechanical model of average support pressure of isolated island working face is established by means of theoretical analysis. FLAC3D numerical simulation and microseismic monitoring were used to study the mechanical and failure characteristics of different stages. The theoretical formula of average support pressure of island working face is obtained. In the stage of one side adjacent to goaf，the stress on the goaf side of the working face is high，and the large energy microseismic events are mainly distributed on the goaf side. During the adjacent goaf on both sides，the overall stress of the working face is further increased after being affected by the advanced stress. During the period of adjacent goaf on both sides，large energy events increased and microseismic frequency increased.
    Study on the Influence of Natural Earthquake on Ground Pressure Activity in Huashugou Copper Mine
    WANG Donghua, ZHANG Jun, TIAN Honghai, LI Jinping, CHEN Dajiao, HUANG Yanwei, LIU Fangfang
    2023, 39(2):  207-210. 
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    Huashugou Copper Mine is located in the Qilian Mountain seismic belt，and the natural earthquake has a certain influence on the safety production of the mining area. The three elements of ' time，space and strength ' of microseismic events in the mining area are statistically analyzed. The variation of parameters such as βn value，η value，energy index and cumulative apparent volume of microseismic activity in the mining area before and after the earthquake reflects the law of ground pressure activity in the mining area. The results show that there is no obvious ground pressure activity in the mining area on the day of the natural earthquake，and there will be obvious ground pressure activity in the underground after 2~3 days of the large earthquake. The influence of natural earthquake on ground pressure activity in mining area has a certain lag，and has the characteristics of secondary disasters.
    Study on Water Control Effect of Thin Limestone Based on Multi-branch Horizontal Drilling Grouting Technology
    ZHAO Yafei, XIE Yuming, ZHOU Wenbo
    2023, 39(2):  211-214. 
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    In order to prevent water inrush from the lower coal seam of the thin limestone aquifer of Taiyuan Formation during mining，the multi-branch horizontal directional drilling technology was applied before mining in the southwestern part of the northern Yellow River. The aquifer with an average thickness of 10 m was reinforced by grouting，and the aquifer was transformed into a weak aquifer or aquiclude. In order to explore the influence range and transformation effect of grouting slurry，the distribution of borehole water level was analyzed by statistics. The grouting process of multi-branch horizontal wells can form obvious water-blocking and water-resisting areas，and the effect of reconstruction of thin limestone aquifer in Taiyuan Formation is obvious. The denser the drilling arrangement is，the better the reconstruction effect is. This practice provides experience and technical support for the reinforcement and treatment of thin lime⁃ stone aquifer.
    Discussion on Ecological Restoration Scheme of Xihuashan Tungsten Mine in Jiangxi
    WU Linwei, ZHENG Junpeng, ZHA Fang, ZHANG Shumei, ZENG Xiangjun, LI Guangfu
    2023, 39(2):  215-218. 
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    Xihuashan mining area has been mined for 100 years，resulting in a large area of surface landscape damage and ecological damage，which poses a great threat to the ecological environment and sus tainable development of the mining area. Based on the detailed investigation of geological environment in Xihuashan mining area，the main geological environment problems in Xihuashan mining area are analyzed and expounded. According to the principle of adjusting measures to local conditions and gradual progress， the ecological restoration layout of the whole Xihuashan mining area is carried out. The ecological restora tion scheme of repairing slope ecology and building mine park is put forward by using the technical methods of geological disaster prevention，landform restoration and slope greening. Ecological restoration proj ect will be of great significance to improve the local environment and promote local economic development.
    Experimental Study on Cyanide-containing Tailing Pulp Treatment by Cyanide Breaking and Cyanide Precipitation Combined Process
    FEI Yunliang , GUO Xueting , WANG Ying , JIANG Xiangzheng , WU Qi
    2023, 39(2):  219-222. 
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    The total cyanide content of the full-slime cyanide tailings slurry of a gold company was 805.58 mg/L，mainly in the form of (ferric) ferricyanide complex ions. The toxicity leaching test was carried out when the raw ore pulp was thickened to concentration of 55%，and the total cyanide content of the leaching solution was as high as 51.7 mg/L. In order to achieve harmless treatment，a series of experiments were carried out. The results showed that it is difficult to effectively remove complex cyanide by a single cyanide breaking process，and the combined cyanide breaking and precipitation cyanide process can effectively remove complex cyanide，but it is difficult to achieve the target requirements. Adding 3 g/L of cyanide breaking agent CG105-A and 2.5 g/L of cyanide precipitation agent CG105-B to the cyanide tailings slurry can meet the target requirements of cyanide treatment.
    Research and Application on Removal Process for Super-high Concentration Iron Salt in Barren Liquor from Qinghai Kunlun Company
    QIN Zhenjun, CHEN Guanghui , NIU Guiqiang , SHI Baoxing, WANG Hu , CHENG Yubo, LI Ning
    2023, 39(2):  223-225. 
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    The concentration of SCN- in the leaching medium is as high as 10 225.9 mg/L，and Cu+ concentration is 4 131 mg/L in Qinghai Kunlun Gold Co.，Ltd. Cu+ is almost precipitated in the form of CuSCN with the acidification process. The concentration of iron，zinc，lead ions in barren liquor are 4 451 mg/L，2 895 mg/L，2.82 mg/L，respectively，which is not enough to precipitate the iron cyanide complex. Therefore，higher iron ion concentration in the leaching medium will bring adverse effects to the leaching and replacement process. In order to solve the problem，the experiment of adding zinc sulfate to barren liquor was carried out. The results showed that adding zinc sulfate to the barren liquor in acidification stage can obviously reduce the concentration of iron ion. Copper and zinc can be collected separately through asynchronous precipitation. While iron is removed from barren liquor，the dosage of zinc powder in replacement process decreases from 102.5 g/m³ to 86.01 g/m³，the iron grade in gold mud decreases from 5.2% to 4.3%，the gold leaching rate increases by 0.2 percentage points，and the silver leaching rate increased by 1.02 percentage points，achieving the purpose of improving the quality of the leaching medium.
    Study on Treatment Technology of Gravity Separation Concentrate by Shaker from Flotation Tailing in Qiyugou Mining Area
    ZHANG Di, QIN Guanying, ZHAO Xiaolei, ZHAO Tianlun
    2023, 39(2):  226-228. 
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    The overall particle size of the gravity separation concentrate by shaker of Qiyugou concentrator is coarser，the particle size concentration range is 0.90～0.10 mm，and the gold is obviously enriched in 0.90～0.45 mm.The metal minerals in the samples are mainly pyrite，and the gold mainly exists in the form of auxogenous gold，followed by sulfide coated gold and monomer gold，the content of which are 57.86%，30.70% and 11.21%，respectively.The gold minerals are mainly round，and gangue minerals are embedded on the surface of a few gold minerals. In order to recover gold efficiently，the beneficiation process test was carried out. The results showed that flotation after grinding is better than direct shaker gravity separation without grinding and Knelson gravity separation after grinding，and the concentrate with gold grade of 27.90 g/t and recovery rate of 58.39% can be obtained. On the basis of the experimental results and the production practice of similar mines，the process flow optimization was carried out，that is，the gravity separation concentrate was directly returned to the ball mill，which can greatly simplify the process flow.
    Application of CLM2000×1600 High Pressure Grinding Roller and Auxiliary System in Makeng Iron Mine
    YU Zufang
    2023, 39(2):  229-231. 
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    In order to expand the production capacity of Makeng Iron Mine，the high pressure grind⁃ ing roller and auxiliary system were added between the original three stage crushing with single closed circuit stage and stage grinding-low intensity magnetic separation processes.The application practice showed that the addition of new process system improved the processing capacity of ore crushing equipment by coarsening the particle size of secondary crushing and third crushing products，and the treating capacity of concentrator was increased by 1.4 times and it could not only produce two million tons of construction sand and stone every year，but also ensure the grade of ore to be grinded，greatly improving the comprehensive utilization of ore resources by increasing the ore quantity of underground mining and multi-stage preconcentration.The high efficiency preconcentration and discarded tailings before grinding，which greatly reduced the ore quantity entering the grinding and concentration system，the concentrate capacity of the single series ball milling system had been increased from 53.52 t/h to 100.47 t/h.The selective crushing of high pressure grinding roller and wet pre-discarding the tailings of coarse particles before grinding had improved the magnetic separation effect，making the iron concentrate grade increase from 63.68% before transformation to 65.42%. The interlaminar crushing of the high pressure grinding roller in confined space not only has low noise，but also has less dust，which improves the working environment and reduces occupational hazards. The electricity consumption of iron concentrate production decreased by 4.6 kWh/t，and the steel ball consumption decreased by 246 g/t，and energy conservation and emission reduction achieved outstanding results.
    Discussion on Application of Semi Autogenous Grinding Technology in Beneficiation of Representative Lepidolite Ore in Yichun Area
    XIONG Feng, SHEN Louyan, XIE Tian, HE Guichun, HUANG Zhiqiang, ZHAO Hongbo
    2023, 39(2):  232-234. 
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    Semi autogenous grinding process has the advantages of simple process flow and conve⁃ nient production management，small occupation and low civil construction cost，easy to realize production automation，intelligence，efficiency and accuracy，strong adaptability to ore with high mud and water content，conducive to the separation of useful minerals and gangue because of the selective crushing and grinding characteristics，and easy to realize large-scale production. While the process has not been applied in the beneficiation of lepidolite ore at present. In order to promote the application of the process in the beneficiation of lepidolite ore，a representative lepidolite ore (high mud content，more weathered ore，easy to mud and over grind，which target mineral has the coarse embedded particle size，and is fragile and difficult to grind) in Yichun，Jiangxi Province is taken as the object to study about application of semi autogenous grinding process and is analyzed in terms of theory，investment and operation cost. The study results showed that the combination of the two is not only theoretically feasible，but also has certain advantages in terms of investment and operating costs. In the future，it should be increased about the research and demonstration of the reasonable and efficient integration of the two，so as to promote the application of semi autogenous grinding technology in Yichun area and similar lepidolite ore processing.
    Automatic Renovation of Spray and Aspirating Device with Conventional Pressure During the Loading and Unloading for Bulk Cargo
    LI Xin , HU Chuanrong , HU Yongnan, PENG Xiaoxue, CHANG Yufeng
    2023, 39(2):  235-237. 
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    In order to solve the serious problem of dust pollution and large water consumption of spray and aspirating device with conventional pressure during the loading and unloading for bulk cargo，an auto-induction device was added on the traditional compression spray dust removal system to realize automatic spray. The technical transformation of the automatic spray dust removal device for unloading hopper was realized on an 800，000 t/a belt conveyor line. The environmental monitoring dates and numerical simulation of dust pollutant dispersion showed that the dust reduction rate was 85.3% and the dust recovery quality was 9.76 t/a. And the benefits of environmental protection and energy conservation are encouraging and bring about better benefit. The results can be used in the transformation project of spray dust removal system for bulk cargo handling and have good industrial application value.
    Application of EGF Seepage Increasing Fluid in Pre-drainage of High Gas and Extra-thick Coal Seam
    LI Hanlin
    2023, 39(2):  238-240. 
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    EGF seepage increasing fluid is used to increase the permeability of coal mine gas predrainage boreholes，thereby improving the extraction effect. Through the test and analysis of 22311 working face in Yonglong mining area，after using EGF seepage increasing fluid，the single hole extraction concentration of directional drilling can be increased by about 10 times，the average increase is about 3 times， and the gas extraction flow is increased by nearly 2 times. The seepage increasing fluid achieves the purpose of improving the extraction rate of the working face and shortening the pre-extraction time，and has the characteristics of high efficiency and green.
    Application of Improved Artificial Immune Algorithm to Optimize Feeder Automation of Coal Mine Power System
    WANG Weiqin
    2023, 39(2):  241-243. 
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    The application of feeder automation can shorten the recovery time after power system failure and improve the reliability of the system，so it is more and more widely used in coal mine distribution network. Based on the actual situation of a coal mine distribution system，this study studies the feeder automation in the distribution network. The improved artificial immune algorithm is used to simulate and analyze different situations，optimize the installation cost of the feeder terminal unit，shorten the power outage time and improve the economic benefits. This study has reference value for related industries.
    Mudflow Treatment Method for Flood Discharge Tunnel and Shaft of a Tailings Reservoir
    ZHOU Yu
    2023, 39(2):  244-246. 
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    The flood discharge system of a valley tailings reservoir adopts the flood discharge method of spillway tower-shaft-flood discharge tunnel. During the operation，the flood discharge branch tunnel and shaft appear water spray and mudflow phenomenon. Through field investigation，combined with the analysis of engineering geological conditions and construction of tailings reservoir，it is concluded that the reason of mudflow is that the surrounding rock of tunnel is broken and the fissures are developed，and there is a hollowing out after the lining wall is not backfilled and grouted，so that the bottom of the reservoir is con⁃ nected with the gap behind the tunnel lining wall through the rock mass fissures. The emergency treatment is carried out by taking emergency stop and discharge，and throwing mountain soil covering and plugging around the spillway tower，and then grouting backfill is carried out behind the flood discharge tunnel and shaft wall. After emergency disposal and permanent treatment，the mudflow phenomenon of the tailings pond flood discharge system disappeared and the tail discharge returned to normal.
    Application and Development of Self-rescuer in Coal Mine
    QIN Yu
    2023, 39(2):  247-249. 
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    The application status of coal mine self-rescuer is combed to provide reference for the role and research development of coal mine self-rescuer. By analyzing the basic structure, type, function, wear ing method, use and management maintenance process of coal mine self-rescuer, it is found that improper operation, lack of maintenance and supervision lead to many self-rescuers failing to play their due protective role. Optimizing the components of the self-rescuer, strengthening the training work and improving the management level of the self-rescuer can greatly improve the reliability of the self-rescuer and improve the survival time and survival probability of the underground personnel after the accident.
    Development of Intelligent Monitoring of Large Blasting Operation Based on UAV
    HE Maolin, HU Zhihang , GOU Hangshen, FU Xiaodan, BAI Shuang
    2023, 39(2):  250-253. 
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    With the application of UAV integrated monitoring equipment in blasting operation monitoring，the blasting monitoring mode has undergone tremendous changes，and the advantages of UAV monitoring have gradually become significant. From the four aspects of data processing，blasting effect analysis， engineering equipment dredging，disaster analysis and alarm，this study analyzed the application status and development of UAV integrated monitoring equipment in mine blasting. The development of intelligent monitoring technology for large-scale blasting operation based on UAV depends on the function upgrading of data processing system and network platform. The key development direction is to be able to complete the construction of high-precision mine three-dimensional landforms，carry the network platform to complete the operation of engineering equipment and personnel mobilization，and realize the safe and efficient supervision of large-scale blasting operations in mines.
    Application of Cross-hole Elastic Wave CT Technology in Karst Geological Exploration
    LI Zhi
    2023, 39(2):  254-258. 
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    Karst geology has a serious impact on the structural design，construction and operation of construction projects，and conventional geological exploration methods have high cost，low efficiency and narrow coverage，which are difficult to adapt to the current high requirements and strict standards. Based on a tunnel project，the cross-hole elastic wave CT technology was used to carry out karst geological exploration on the site. The cross-hole elastic wave CT test and borehole data were jointly analyzed，and the more accurate geological interpretation results were obtained. The test shows that the cross-hole elastic wave CT technology has high accuracy in karst exploration and is recommended for promotion.