Abstract: UAV provides a new way for deformation monitoring of buildings（structures）in mining area. Image control point is the main factor affecting the accuracy of UAV deformation monitoring. The influence of image control point distribution on the accuracy of UAV monitoring highway deformation is studied by experiments. The research shows that : ① UAV can quickly and efficiently obtain the deformation state of the whole highway. If it is necessary to obtain higher measurement accuracy，more image control points need to be arranged，and the corresponding labor intensity also increases. ② Both the plane error and the elevation error will decrease with the decrease of the distance between the image control points，but they will tend to be stable after reducing to a certain extent. ③ In the process of UAV deformation monitoring， the influence of image control point layout on plane error is greater than that of elevation error. As the distance between image control points decreases，the plane error and elevation error decrease rapidly，but the plane error decreases faster. The research results have reference significance for the application of UAV in highway deformation monitoring in mining area.

Key words: image control point, UAV, highway deformation monitoring