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    25 August 2022, Volume 38 Issue 8
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    Discussion on Material Transportation Mode in Slope Treatment Engineering
    YE Jianjun, LIU Di, LI Hu, WANG Guanhai, WANG Xin, ZHOU Xinlong
    2022, 38(8):  1. 
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    Safe，efficient and economical transport of materials from the yard to the slope is the key in slope improvement projects. Focusing on this problem，the domestic slope management technology and materials are summarized，and a classification system of slope protection technology is established. On this basis，the optimal method of the two-stage transportation scheme is proposed. The first stage selects sever⁃ al suitable transportation modes according to the actual working conditions，and the second stage uses the weighted scoring method to select the optimal transportation scheme for the selected transportation modes. This method enables the optimization of the transport scheme.
    Optimization Strategy for Overall Planning of Mineral Resources Development in Zhangjiakou City
    ZHANG Jianfei
    2022, 38(8):  6. 
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    In order to rationally develop，utilize and protect mineral resources，promote the structur⁃ al reform of the supply side of Zhangjiakou mining industry，and coordinate the development of the ecologi⁃ cal environment support area of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and the construction of water-saving functional ar⁃ eas in the capital，according to the overall planning of mineral resources in Hebei Province，combined with the current situation of mineral resources exploration and development in the city，the overall planning of resource development is carried out from seven aspects and put forward the effective implementation strate⁃ gy of overall planning，which improve the level of mineral resources development and utilization.
    Analysis and Prevention Points of Coal Mine Accidents in Heilongjiang Province from 2015 to 2021
    WANG Liying , LIU Yang
    2022, 38(8):  11. 
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    The overall characteristics of coal mine accidents in Heilongjiang Province from 2015 to 2021，the types of coal mine property rights，the causes of accidents and the time period of accidents were analyzed to provide support for improving the level of coal mine safety production. The results showed that the coal mine safety production situation in Heilongjiang Province showed an improvement trend. Major and extraordinarily serious accidents are basically eliminated，and general and large accidents need to be strengthened. Gas，roof and transport accidents are the focus of future prevention and control. Season change and statutory holidays are prone to accidents. Combined with the overall characteristics of the acci⁃ dent，it is determined to adjust the industrial structure，improve the emergency rescue system and improve the safety management level as the basis for Heilongjiang coal mine enterprises to improve the safety pro⁃ duction level.
    Geological Characteristics and Prospecting Prospect Analysis of Shatanjiao Area in Nanling County，Anhui Province
    ZHENG Kai
    2022, 38(8):  15. 
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    The Shatanjiao area is located in the east of the Tongling ore concentration area，on the edge of the eastern section of the Tongling-Nanling polymetallic metallogenic belt，adjacent to the Fan⁃ chang Volcanic Basin in the north and Xuannan Basin in the south，with favorable metallogenic conditions. According to the previous data of the area and the new survey results of gravity，magnetic and soil geochem⁃ istry of the beach foot，combined with the latest ore-finding or disclosure information of the surrounding de⁃ posits，a comprehensive analysis is carried out on the deep edge of the discovered deposits around the Shat⁃ anjiao area rock mass and the coverage area with insufficient exploration work. It is considered that there is a prospecting potential for copper polymetallic deposits in the deep edge of the known deposits such as Wanziguo，Jinziwei and Daiyaoshan around the Shatanjiao rock mass and in the Baizhaochong area.
    Chemical Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Shallow Groundwater in Maanshan， Anhui Province
    WU Shixiong, DONG Changchun, SUN Yajie, ZHAO Weidong, MA Lei
    2022, 38(8):  21. 
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    Shallow groundwater in Maanshan City，Anhui Province has been polluted to a certain ex⁃ tent，but its hydrochemical characteristics and influencing factors have not been effectively revealed. There⁃ fore，based on the analysis of the chemical characteristics of shallow groundwater in Ma 'anshan City，the hydrochemical characteristics and influencing factors of shallow groundwater in the study area were re⁃ vealed by mathematical analysis，sensitivity analysis，principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The results show that the chemical type of shallow groundwater in the study area is mainly HCO3-Ca type ; the relative range of Mn，Fe，Al，NH4+，Zn，F-，NO2- was 11.89~39.62，and the coefficient of variation was 127.25~457.06. The highest degree of dispersion and the strongest volatility showed that the above indi⁃ cators were susceptible to mining，aquaculture and other human activities. The overall quality of groundwa⁃ ter in the city is in good condition，and is greatly affected by human factors. The groundwater quality of Washan mining area is poor，mainly affected by mining activities，aquaculture in southern Shijiu Lake and Guxi River also affected groundwater quality to some extent.
    Soil Geochemical Characteristics and Prospecting Prediction of Wutongjingnan Polymetallic Mining Area in Ejina Banner，Inner Mongolia
    SHANG Zhencheng, LUO Xianrong, LI Chao, ZHANG Wenbo, TANG Guodong, ZHAO Xinyi
    2022, 38(8):  26. 
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    In order to optimize the prospecting target area in the south of Wutongjing in Ejina Ban⁃ ner，Inner Mongolia，a 1∶10 000 soil geochemical survey was carried out on the basis of understanding the basic geological characteristics of the mining area. A total of 1 521 soil samples were collected to ana⁃ lyze the variation coefficient，concentration coefficient and enrichment coefficient of 11 elements includ⁃ ing Cu，Ni，Co，Cr，Pb，Sn，Zn，Mo，W，Sb and As.It shows that Cu，As and W are favorable metallogenic elements. Through the R-type factor analysis of 11 elements，the elements are divided into four combina⁃ tions of F1（ Cr-Co-Ni），F2（Cu-Zn-Mo-Pb），F3（Zn-W）and F4（Sb-As），and four prospecting predic⁃ tion targets are delineated by the contrast anomaly method.
    Prospects for Prospecting of Tungsten and Molybdenum Geochemical Anomalies in Jingqiao Area，Southern Anhui
    DU Guoqiang , LI Pengfei , YU Youlin , XIE Jinjin , ZHANG Xiaorong , LIU Chao
    2022, 38(8):  32. 
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    Based on the 1∶50 000 stream sediment survey data，the geochemical background and anomaly characteristics of tungsten and molybdenum anomalies in Jingqiao area are analyzed. Combined with the verification results，the prospecting prospect is evaluated. The results show that the comprehen⁃ sive geochemical anomalies of tungsten and molybdenum in Jingqiao area are mainly composed of W，Bi and Mo elements，with large scale，high intensity and obvious concentration centers，which are distribut⁃ ed in the contact zone between the eastern edge of Jingde pluton and the Xiaxiang Formation of Silurian. The measurement of rock and soil profile shows that there are primary halo and secondary halo anomalies. Three tungsten (molybdenum) mineralization zones are newly discovered in the contact zone between rock mass and surrounding rock，which are closely related to the Yanshanian rock mass，quartz vein and fault structure. The genetic type is quartz vein type. The mineralized body is not commensurate with the anomaly scale and intensity，and has good prospecting prospects for tungsten and molybdenum.
    Characteristics of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration and Prospecting Prospect of Leadzinc Deposit in Caijiashan，Qingyang County
    HUANG Jingjing , LI Yongjie, LI Yusong
    2022, 38(8):  36. 
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    Caijiashan area in Qingyang County is located in the middle of the transition part between the lower Yangtze depression belt and the Jiangnan uplift belt. The Huangbailing complex anticline and the northwest wing of Niujiaoshan syncline belong to the copper-iron polymetallic metallogenic belt in the mid⁃ dle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River，which is a medium-low temperature hydrothermal lead-zinc deposit. Based on the regional metallogenic geological conditions and previous exploration results，the metallogenic geological background，geochemical characteristics and geological characteristics of ore bod⁃ ies in the region are reorganized，and the prospecting prospect is analyzed. It is found that the Ordovician Lunshan Formation in the study area is the main ore-bearing strata，the NE-trending structural fracture zone is the main channel of ore-bearing hydrothermal solution，and the Kecun granodiorite and diorite por⁃ phyrite veins are the sources of ore-bearing hydrothermal solution. Through this comprehensive study and prospecting prospect analysis，it is considered that there is a good prospecting prospect for medium-low temperature hydrothermal lead-zinc deposits in the area.
    Geological Characteristics and Metallogenic Model of Taipingzhen Rare Earth Deposit in Western Henan
    WANG Ruili
    2022, 38(8):  41. 
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    Taipingzhen rare earth deposit is a newly discovered medium-sized light rare earth deposit in Henan Province. It occurs in the south side of the Waxuezi fault in the arc of the North Qinling magmatic island. The ore body is vein or lenticular in the NW-trending tectonic altered cataclastic rock zone. The geological characteristics of rare earth ore bodies are summarized，and the ore veins were studied by chemi⁃ cal analysis，rock and mineral identification，stable isotope，quartz inclusion test，and U-Pb dating of bastnasite. The results show that the ore-forming material of the deposit is mainly derived from mantle， supplemented by crust-mantle mixed source，which is a rare earth deposit of medium-low temperature flu⁃ id genesis. The formation of ore bodies is closely related to CO2-rich fluids. The metallogenic epoch was in the late Caledonian period. Silicification，fluorite，barite，pyrite and other structural alterations are closely related to rare earth mineralization.
    Genesis and Tectonic Significance of Alkaline Granites in Keqikegol Area，Tianshan Mountain， Southwest Xinjiang
    MA Fangbin, XI Guoqing, REN Yongjian, LIU Xingwang, YU Wang, WANG Chaojin, FENG Hongye, LIU Xiali, QIAN Hongfu
    2022, 38(8):  45. 
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    The study area is located to the north of Baicheng in the South Tianshan Mountains on the northern margin of the Tarim Basin in Xinjiang，and the research degree of alkaline rocks in the area is rel⁃ atively low. Through the petrological and geochemical research of the alkaline rocks in the area，the petro⁃ genesis and tectonic environment are explored. The study of major and trace elements shows that alkaline rocks are rich in alkali，high in potassium and aluminum，rich in Rb，Th，U，Pb and LREE，low in calci⁃ um and magnesium，and depleted in Sr，Ba，Ta，Nb，Zr，Ti，P and strong negative Eu anomalies. They belong to quasi-aluminous high-potassium calc-alkaline-potassium basaltic granites，and have the charac⁃ teristics of type I granites，which may be formed in the late orogenic-cocollisional tectonic environment.
    Genesis Analysis of Taojiaxiang Lead-zinc Deposit in Chengshan Area，Zongyang County
    LI Yongjie , WU Zongling, YAN Lijun , ZHU Menglei
    2022, 38(8):  49. 
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    In order to further explore the genesis of the lead-zinc-silver deposit in the southern mar⁃ gin of the Luzong Basin，the metallogenic model of the Taojiaxiang lead-zinc deposit in Chengshan，Zong⁃ yang County was analyzed. According to the deposit type and previous exploration results，the metallogenic geological background，geochemical characteristics and metallogenic geological characteristics of the de⁃ posit are sorted out，and the formation conditions of the deposit are analyzed. It is found that the Jurassic Moshan Formation and Triassic Larijian Formation in the study area are the main ore-bearing strata，the NE-trending structural fracture zone is the main channel of ore-bearing hydrothermal fluid，and the Cheng⁃ shan rock mass and late diorite porphyrite provide ore-bearing hydrothermal fluid for mineralization in the area.
    Application of High-precision Magnetic Prospecting in Guangde Basalt Mining Area
    CHEN Tao
    2022, 38(8):  53. 
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    The Guangde basalt mining area is largely covered by the Quaternary system，and it is dif⁃ ficult to find hidden basalt ore bodies by traditional geological mapping. By analyzing the physical proper⁃ ties of basalt，the high magnetic susceptibility of basalt is used to delineate the basalt target area efficient⁃ ly. A total of 14 magnetic anomalies were found in this high-precision magnetic survey. Basalt deposits were found in 7 of the magnetic anomalies drilled through trenching verification. The magnetic anomaly pro⁃ duced by basalt has a large peak value and a steep gradient，and the magnetic profile curve jumps in a jag⁃ ged shape and changes drastically. In the case of few surface basalt outcrops，high-precision magnetic sur⁃ veying can be used as an effective means to find basalt ores.
    Analysis of Mineral Geological Characteristics and Metallogenic Conditions in Gaotan Survey Area，Guangdong
    YI Qisen
    2022, 38(8):  57. 
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    The Gaotan survey area in Guangdong Province is the core area of the Lianhuashan tin-cop⁃ per polymetallic metallogenic belt with complex geological structures.Through the field geological survey of the survey area，the geological characteristics and typical ore spots are studied，and the metallogenic condi⁃ tions are analyzed. The results show that the deposits and ore points in the area are spatially distributed along the Lianhuashan fault zone in the northeast-southwest direction.In addition to the occurrence in the contact zone of the intrusive rock，the other Upper Triassic-Lower Jurassic strata in the external contact zone are closely related to the Triassic-Jurassic strata.The development of NE-trending structures in the area con⁃ trols the formation and distribution of ore-forming parent rocks，and provides ore-conducting conditions or ore-accommodating space for the enrichment of ore-forming elements.The Gaotan survey area has superior metallogenic geological conditions，and the prospecting potential of tin polymetallic deposits is great.
    Analysis of Geological Characteristics of Dolomite and Limestone Mine for Flux in Kejia Village， Dongzhi County
    WANG Jie
    2022, 38(8):  61. 
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    In order to explore the technical conditions for the development of dolomite and limestone deposits for flux in Kejia Village，Dongzhi County，the geological background，deposit characteristics and ore types of the mining area were analyzed. The results show that the dolomite and limestone deposits in this area are stable along the strike and dip，with simple internal structure and excellent ore quality. It is the production place of dolomite and limestone for high-quality flux. The mining area has good prospect re⁃ source potential，and the research results provide reference for subsequent prospecting work in the area.
    Geological Characteristics and Genesis of the Limestone Deposits Used for Flux in the Nali Mining Area of Pingguang Forest Farm，Guangxi
    LU Shicai, NONG Liangchun, YE Sheng, JIANG Sha, LONG Peng, NIE Jiji, CHEN Junhong
    2022, 38(8):  65. 
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    The limestone mine for flux in the Nali mining area of Pingguang Forest Farm in Shangsi County is located in the west of the Shiwanda Mountain compound syncline and in the north of the Shangsi Basin. By analyzing the mining area geology，ore body geology，ore controlling factors，etc.，the geological characteristics of the ore deposit and the genesis of the ore deposit are summarized. Three limestone ore bodies are delineated in the mining area，the ore bodies are large in scale and stable in thickness. The de⁃ posit is mainly formed in the isolated platform in the Early-middle Permian rift basin. The strata of Maokou Formation deposited during this period are limestone deposits. The distribution of ore bodies is mainly con⁃ trolled by strata，and secondary folds and faults cause stratigraphic duplication and deletion.
    Multi-objective Optimization of Stope Structural Parameters by Upward Horizontal Layered Filling Method
    PENG Jun
    2022, 38(8):  68. 
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    In order to scientifically evaluate and select the stope structural parameters of upward hori⁃ zontal layered filling method，the index system of stope structural parameters optimization is constructed by selecting the terminal displacement of stope top，stope production capacity，mining-cutting ratio and min⁃ ing cost per ton of ore. The optimization index information of sample stopes is counted，and the multi-ob⁃ jective optimization of stope structural parameters is carried out by using the fuzzy optimization method. The optimal value of the optimal membership degree of stope structural parameters is obtained by solving the minimum sum of squares of the superior and inferior distances as the objective function. By comparing the membership values of each stope，the stope structure parameters with the best comprehensive effect are obtained. The example shows that this method can optimize the stope structure parameters，and can be used to guide the design of stope structure parameters in mines.
    Mining Method Selection and Process Research of an Open-pit to Underground Mine
    XU Hongliang, ZHANG Mingfeng, MA Erhui, FAN Jie
    2022, 38(8):  73. 
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    An iron mine in Inner Mongolia is limited by the plane range of mining rights，and the minimum mining elevation of the final boundary is 1 500 m. The open-pit residual ore body and deep ore body need to be transferred to underground mining. Two mining methods，non-pillar sublevel caving min⁃ ing method and sublevel filling mining method，suitable for mining technical conditions are put forward. The mine production capacity，designed ore quantity，investment cost，sales revenue and national industri⁃ al policy are compared and analyzed. Finally，the sublevel filling mining method with less ore pressure， high ore recovery rate，small area of waste dump and tailings pond and avoiding surface collapse was select⁃ ed. The process design of the selected mining method is carried out，and the stope structure parameters and mining technology are determined.
    Multi-hole Interaction of Bench Fracturing Blasting in Fushun West Open-pit Mine
    YU Yongjun, YANG Xiaoqin, GAO Guanglai, LIU Yunqiu
    2022, 38(8):  77. 
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    In order to reveal the crack initiation interaction and crack propagation effect of blasting boreholes，the coupling mechanical model of open-pit mine body and groundwater was established. The crack propagation characteristics of bench multi-hole blasting in Fushun West Open-pit Mine were studied by programming calculation，and the interaction relationship between boreholes and cracks of ore bodies below the bench surface under the conditions of dredging，containing linear distribution of confined water and shallow hole distribution was explored. The results show that in the process of bench blasting，the crack initiation caused by mutual interference between multiple boreholes has time difference characteris⁃ tics，and the water content of ore body and the depth of borehole have influence on this effect. The former is mainly due to the effect of stress increasing the effect of fracturing and rock breaking，and the latter is due to the loading and heterogeneity of coal and rock changing the sequence of blasthole initiation.
    Cause Analysis and Solutions of Blast Rejection in Xinwutian Open-pit Mine
    HU Min , ZHANG Junjie, YAO Yuguo, ZOU Xiaoneng, JIANG Fei
    2022, 38(8):  81. 
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    Nine blast-rejection holes were found in Xinwutian Open-pit Mine in short term. In order to solve this problem，after excluding the general factors such as blasting equipment quality，blasting equipment performance，network design and man-made operation，starting from the combination of initiat⁃ ing explosive devices and blasthole environment，the seasonal climate environment of the region，the hy⁃ drological environment of the rock strata，the blasting effect of the combination of initiating explosive devic⁃ es of various manufacturers，the underwater contact environment of different devices，and the change of the specifications of the detonator are analyzed，and the possible causes are tested and verified. The analy⁃ sis shows that the distance between the energy-gathering cavity of the digital electronic detonator and the detonating core at the bottom of the functional hole of the detonating device is too large，and the detonator initiation can accelerate the attenuation due to the influence of the water medium interval of the water-bear⁃ ing blast hole，resulting in the blast rejection. According to the analysis results，a solution for lengthening the digital electronic detonator tube is developed，which successfully overcomes the occurrence of blast re⁃ jection.
    Large Section Chamber Excavation Technology in an Open-pit Limestone Mine
    ZHAO Yuntao
    2022, 38(8):  85. 
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    An open-pit limestone mine is developed with a flat tunnel，and the coarse crushing cham⁃ ber is at the bottom of the stope，which is a high-wall and large-span chamber，and a top-to-bottom lay⁃ ered construction plan is formulated. The first floor is excavated with the full section of the construction sup⁃ port. After the excavation is completed，the vault is lined with concrete，and the lining and the rock wall are rigidly bonded with anchor rods，and the arch feet are supported in the form of "rock anchor beams". The second，third and fourth floors adopt the method of pulling the groove in the middle first，and then blasting the two sides with smooth surface. After the excavation is completed，the chamber is lined. Com⁃ pared with the excavation of the trackless spiral ramp，this solution saves construction time，and after the completion of the first floor construction，the subsequent construction is carried out under the protection of the reinforced concrete dome，which greatly improves the construction safety.
    Application of Upward Layered Filling Mining Method in Tieshan Mine Edge Mining
    WANG Songtao, WANG Haiwei, LI Gongtang, TANG Xianming
    2022, 38(8):  88. 
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    Tieshan Mine is an iron mine from open-pit to underground mining. The main mining method used in the design is the stage chamber subsequent filling method of vertical deep hole caving. The local thin ore body and the corner ore segmented by rock intrusion will produce high rock mixing，which is extremely unreasonable in economy. For the corner mine above-100 m level，the mining method is first se⁃ lected to determine the upward back cut-fill method. Then the structural parameters are tested to determine the optimal mining scheme. Practice shows that the scheme has achieved good results and is worth popular⁃ izing in the same type of mines.
    Optimization of Residual Orebody Mining Method in Transitional Section of an Underground Iron Ore Based on Grey Correlation Method
    ZHANG Yansen
    2022, 38(8):  92. 
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    Reasonable mining methods are the key to safe mining of ore bodies under complex engi⁃ neering geological conditions. In view of the complex engineering geological conditions of the residual ore body in the transition section of an underground iron mine，which is overlying the caving body and below the filling body，combined with the existing production technical conditions of the mine，four alternative mining methods are preliminarily selected，namely，upward horizontal layered filling method，upward route filling method，segmented open field subsequent filling method，and non-pillar segmented caving method. The grey correlation method was used to comprehensively consider a number of technical indica⁃ tors，and the correlation degrees of four alternative mining methods were calculated. The results were 0.508，0.437，0.524 and 0.644，respectively. Thus，the non-pillar sublevel caving method was deter⁃ mined as the best alternative method.
    Research on Intelligent and Efficient Tunnelling Control System in Coal Mine
    WANG Chao
    2022, 38(8):  95. 
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    In view of the low degree of automation，low efficiency and poor safety of fully mechanized excavation face in coal mine，a new intelligent excavation control system in coal mine is proposed. The multi-machine cooperative operation control of fully mechanized excavation face is realized by comprehen⁃ sively using remote centralized control technology and human-machine-environment cooperative control technology. The practical application shows that the new intelligent control scheme can improve the efficien⁃ cy of underground roadway fully mechanized excavation by 25.5 %，and reduce the number of fully mecha⁃ nized excavation face workers by 33.3 %. It is of great significance to improve the economy of underground fully mechanized excavation and realize ' unmanned ' fully mechanized excavation.
    Research and Practice of Prospecting for Development Project at Eastern Mining Areas of Longshou Mine
    WANG Junchao
    2022, 38(8):  99. 
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    The eastern mining area of Longshou Mine is located in the active area of fault structure development. Previous geological data show that this area has good prospecting prospects. On the basis of summarizing the previous geological work，through structural analysis and dynamic analysis，the late tec⁃ tonic dislocation process and late magmatic activity law are revealed. The location law of the ore body is de⁃ termined，and four“ ore prospecting ”models are constructed. At the same time，the geological and techni⁃ cal work extended to the whole process of production and construction，and the exploration work is carried out in the development project of the eastern mining area of Longshou Mine. New branch rich ore bodies are found in the upper and lower plates of the main ore body，which effectively guides the efficient develop⁃ ment of the subsequent exploration work.
    Scheme Design of Sidewall Mining Combined with Underground Goaf Treatment in an Open-pit Mine
    MENG Biao, JIA Shijie, ZHAO Guoqiang
    2022, 38(8):  102. 
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    There are a lot of goaf under the northern slope of an open-pit mine in China，which indi⁃ rectly affect the surface mining area of 50 m × 200 m (width × length). Considering the current technical and economic conditions，the design of open-pit mining collaborative goaf treatment scheme includes sin⁃ gle-layer goaf treatment，flank goaf treatment and final step reconstruction. For the wing multi-layer goaf， the first layer of goaf is collapsed by single layer goaf treatment method，and the step is pushed to the flank of the next layer of goaf，and then the inclined hole is arranged to collapse the roof of the wing goaf. After blasting，the ore around the empty area is basically recovered without affecting the lower bench mining.
    Design of Ore Stope Expansion Under the Dump of an Open-pit Mine
    JIANG Xiulei
    2022, 38(8):  105. 
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    There is a dump above the south expansion stope of an open-pit mine，which affects the normal expansion and production. In view of this complex engineering condition，the slope cutting parame⁃ ters of the overlying dump are designed first，and then the economical and reasonable stripping ratio is de⁃ termined by the profit method，and the extension part of the open pit is designed based on this index. The results show that the mining loss rate and dilution rate at the end of mining are similar to those in the previ⁃ ous period of the mine，and the stripping ratio is 11.98，which is less than the economical and reasonable stripping ratio，and the recovery of ore resources is economical and reasonable. The research ideas provide reference for mine design with similar engineering conditions.
    Influencing Factors and Optimization of Tunnel Excavation Efficiency in Xingshan Iron Mine
    ZHANG Da
    2022, 38(8):  108. 
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    Combined with the geological conditions and production practice of Xingshan Iron Mine， the influence of each procedure on the tunneling speed in the tunnel excavation process is analyzed，and tar⁃ geted optimization measures are taken to improve the tunneling efficiency.In view of the problem of high rock hardness，the distance between the center hole and the undercut hole was reduced from 200 mm to 180 mm，and the undercut effect was significantly improved. Aiming at the problem of low cycle footage ef⁃ ficiency，through scientific calculation，66 blastholes were optimized to 55，which reduced the unit con⁃ sumption of explosives from 2.65 kg/m3 to 2.35 kg/m3，and the tunneling efficiency was significantly im⁃ proved.
    Investigation of Rock Mass Structural Plane and It's Influence on Stope Stability
    WANG Wanlu, WANG Lidie, HOU Kepeng, XIA Gangyuan
    2022, 38(8):  111. 
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    The random discontinuity plane，structural plane and weak plane in rock mass will reduce the strength of rock mass and weaken the stability of rock mass. The research work of rock mass structural plane can lay the foundation for clarifying the mechanical parameters of rock mass and classifying and zon⁃ ing the stability of rock mass. Based on the rock mass of stope slope in No.2 Mine of Kunyang Phosphate Mine，the structural plane of rock mass was investigated by detailed line observation method，pole density map method and stereographic projection map method，and the influence of rock mass structure on the sta⁃ bility of stope slope was analyzed. The results show that the structural plane of the slope rock mass in the mine is relatively developed，mostly steep type，and mainly closed joints. The failure mode of the structur⁃ al plane distribution on the stope is mainly spalling and roof caving.
    Research on Restoration and Treatment of High and Steep Slope in an Open-pit Mine
    FAN Hongjie, QIU Huating, ZHANG Yansen
    2022, 38(8):  115. 
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    Taking the high and steep slope of an open-pit mine as the research object，based on the engineering geological conditions，the restoration and treatment scheme of the high and steep slope with "cutting slope and reducing load" is proposed，and the slope cutting design of the high and steep slopes in Area A and Area B is carried out respectively. Based on the limit equilibrium method，the slope safety after slope cutting is calculated respectively. The results show that under the action of self-weight and earth⁃ quake，the safety factors of slope after slope cutting in Area A and Area B are 1.753 and 2.301 respective⁃ ly，which are greater than the minimum safety factor of slope.
    Study on Strength Prediction of Cemented Backfill Based on PSO-BP
    SHI Jin, DU Aoyu, WANG Xibin, LU Jun, LAN Jianqiang, ZHENG Xianwei
    2022, 38(8):  119. 
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    In order to quickly and accurately determine the strength of cemented backfill，a strength prediction model of cemented backfill based on PSO-BP was constructed and verified with the strength test data of cemented backfill at 7 d and 28 d of curing. The results show that the initial weights of BP neural network are optimized by combining particle swarm optimization algorithm，which greatly improves the ac⁃ curacy and reliability of the prediction model. The relative error of neural network optimized by particle swarm optimization algorithm is 0.77 %，which is 3.42 % lower than the average relative error of BP neural network prediction，showing good prediction accuracy.
    Slope Stability Analysis of Open-pit Stope in a Phosphate Mine in Central Yunnan
    LI Xiaowu, SHI Xiongbin, LYU Linhong, ZHOU Xiaochao, ZHANG Wei
    2022, 38(8):  122. 
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    Aiming at the situation that the upper part of the southern part of a phosphate mine openpit is a dump，the Slide software was used to analyze the stability of five typical sections of the open-pit mine. The results show that the safety factor of the slope meets the requirements of Grade III slope stabili⁃ ty，and the designed final open stope slope is in a stable state. Measures such as surface water manage⁃ ment，regular slope maintenance，and establishment of a slope monitoring system are put forward for the open-pit stope slope to ensure the safety of the open-pit stope slope and lay the foundation for the next min⁃ ing work of the mine.
    Review on Test Methods of Ore Impact Breakage
    GUO Jingyi, BELEK MONGUSH, LIAO Dehua, ZUO Weiran
    2022, 38(8):  125. 
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    The drop hammer and rotating crusher have been widely used in the selection and calcula⁃ tion field of autogenous and semi-autogenous grinding mill at home and abroad. However，narrow size frac⁃ tion feeding has been adopted for breakage characterization test for the above two kinds of methods，which is with high cost，low efficiency，heavy workload and long working cycle. These shortcomings come out more obviously when dealing with substantial ore samples. In order to obtain the characteristic data quickly and accurately in the test，some scholars put forward a new method of rapid feeding test with new wide grain size. Compared with the traditional test and characterization technology，the new method is economi⁃ cal，efficient，simple and significantly reduces the test cost and time. For the traditional narrow graded bro⁃ ken characterization testing methods and new wide graded quickly feeding test method，the test process， data processing algorithm and based on a mathematical model of broken is summarized. Based on this，the reliability of the test process and test result for the new and old methods were compared and evaluated. It is pointed out that the wide graded broken characterization results differ with traditional characterization re⁃ sults only plus or minus one standard deviation. Therefore，the new method is an effective method to quick⁃ ly characterize the breakage properties of ore.
    The Research and Application Present of the Magnetic Treatment Technology of Water System
    ZHANG Qiang, MENG Qingyou, XU Yuankai
    2022, 38(8):  129. 
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    In order to promote the progress and application of the magnetic treatment technology of water system，its development history is briefly reviewed in this papper. The variation law in the surface tension，viscosity，conductivity，pH value，oxygen content and other properties of water，solution and pulp in the process of magnetic treatment are summarized to analyze the causes of change and their influence on the flotation process. This paper expounds the research progress on the interaction mechanism of magnetic treatment technology and introduces its application in mineral processing. Magnetic treatment technology， served as a green technology，has the characteristics of improving the recovery of valuable minerals，saving energy consumption and reducing pollution. It is of great significance to protecting the environment，im⁃ proving the beneficiation technology of complex ores in China and enlarging the utilization rate of resources. However，the equipment，technology and theoretical research of magnetic treatment technology are still not perfect，and it is urgent to further develop its production and create more economic value.
    Process Mineralogy Characteristics of a Lithium-bearing Porcelain Stone Deposit in Jiangxi Province
    LIU Jianwei, ZENG Xiaojian, HUANG Lei, LU Shiyang, PENG Shutao
    2022, 38(8):  136. 
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    A lithium-bearing porcelain stone deposit in Jiangxi Province is a newly proved superlarge deposit. In order to provide reference for the recovery and utilization of lithium and rubidium in the re⁃ sources，the process mineralogy study on petrology，mineral composition，dissemination characteristics and occurrence state of the representative ores is emphatically carried out. The results showed that the light-colored mica in the ores can be divided into native mica and nascent mica，and the embedded granu⁃ larity is mainly between 0.045 mm and 1 mm. Lithium mainly occurs in mica，and rubidium mainly occurs in mica and feldspar.
    Study on the Process Mineralogy of a Gold Ore
    CHEN Xiaohui
    2022, 38(8):  140. 
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    A gold ore with gold grade of 5.85 g/t was medium sulfide content and multi-metal gold ore，in which the silver，copper，lead，zinc and sulphur are worthy of comprehensive recovery. In order to provide the basis for the efficient separation of the ores，process mineralogy research were conducted. The results indicated that: ① The content of the medium-fine particles gold，coarse particles gold and microfine gold particles were 75.65%，19.40% and 4.95%，respectively. ② The content of fracture gold，inter⁃ granular gold and wrapped gold were 47.51%，31.22% and 21.27%，respectively，among which the con⁃ tent of gold wrapped in sulfide was 17.77%. ③ Most of gold minerals in the ores were natural gold. The sur⁃ face of large particle gold was clean and un-pollution，and only minute quantity gold was intergrowth with gangue minerals or galena. The gold minerals in the ores are easily to be recovered.
    Research on the Process Mineralogy of a Gold Deposit in Luonan，Shaanxi Province
    LI Qingcui, JING Miao, GAO Qianqian
    2022, 38(8):  143. 
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    In order to understand the characteristics of a gold ore in Luonan，Shaanxi Province，the process mineralogy research of the ore was carried out by means of chemical analysis，XRD analysis and large polarizing microscope identification. The characteristics of the gold minerals in the ores，such as the type and morphology，particle size and content，dissemination relationship and occurrence state，have been found out. It is found that the ores belong to a contact metamorphic rock type gold ore with strongly al⁃ tered，which provides detailed basic data for the study of beneficiation process.
    Study on the Genesis of Gold Deposit and Process Mineralogy of Ore in Shimangkeng， Anhui Province
    ZHOU Xuefei, CHEN Jia, DUAN Baiji
    2022, 38(8):  147. 
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    In order to better guide the prospecting work，and achieve precise and targeted prospect⁃ ing，through to the ore process mineralogy research on Shimangkeng gold deposit in Jing county，it can be seen that the gold orebodies in this deposit mainly occur in the contact zone between granodiorite porphyry dike and Silurian Tangjiawu Formation. Gold minerals are mostly electrum and natural gold，and the em⁃ bedded grain size of "visible gold" is mainly microscopic ultrafine gold. The occurrence state of gold is mainly inclusion gold，followed by interparticle gold and fissure gold. The alteration mineralization most closely related to mineralization mainly includes pyritization、limonitization and silicification，especially the silicification. The main types of the deposit is silicified breccia gold deposits.
    Experiment on Magnetization Roasting and Low Intensity Magnetic Separation of Shilu Iron Ores in Hainan Province
    LIANG Juming, ZHU Hailong, WANG Kaiyang, LI Zhiming
    2022, 38(8):  151. 
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    The iron grade of iron ores in Hainan Shilu is 40.21%，and the content of sulfur of the main harmful ingredient is 1.32%. The iron mainly exists in the form of hematite，and the iron distribution rate is 73.56%. Beneficiation tests were carried out to determine the rational development and utilization process of the ore. The results showed that the samples were treated by preconcentration，magnetization roasting and low intensity magnetic separation when the grinding fineness of - 0.074 mm accounts for 62.18%. The ore was desulfurized by the reverse flotation process of one roughing，one cleaning，one scav⁃ enging and middling return in sequence，and then enriched by one medium magnetic separation and one high intensity magnetic separation. The amount of ore entering the magnetic roasting and low intensity mag⁃ netic separation process is reduced by 16.50%，and the preconcentration concentrate with iron grade of 45.61% and sulfur content of 0.54% was achieved. The iron concentrate with iron grade of 66.86% and re⁃ covery rate of 92.27% was obtained under the conditions of reduction temperature of 520 ℃，reducing agent concentration of 30%，reduction time of 20 min and feeding fineness of low intensity magnetic separa⁃ tion of -0.038 mm accounting for 90%.
    Experiments of Iron Selection in a Red Mud from Bayer Process by Direct Reduction
    LI Jialin
    2022, 38(8):  154. 
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    The content of Fe，Al2O3 and TiO2 in the Bayer Red Mud samples from a Guangxi Alumi⁃ num Oxide Factory were 26.06%，17.53% and 5.32% respectively，and harmful substances phosphorus and sulfur were very low. The iron mainly exists in the form of hematite and limonite with the distribution rate of 96.85%. The main iron mineral is hematite，followed by limonite. The titanium mineral mainly ex⁃ ists in the form of perovskite，and gangue minerals are mainly in the form of calcium aluminosilicate hy⁃ drate，cancrinite，natisite and calcite. In order to recover the iron from red mud samples efficiently，the beneficiation experiments of direct reduction，grinding and low intensity magnetic separation process were carried out. The results showed that the direct reduction iron products with yield of 23.17%，TFe grade of 88.60% and iron recovery rate of 78.77% could be obtained under the conditions of anthracite addition of 30%，reduction temperature of 1 100 ℃，reduction time of 120 min，grinding fineness of -0.045 mm ac⁃ counting for 86.75% and magnetic field intensity of 103.50 kA/m，which indicated the better recovery ef⁃ fect of iron.
    Experimental Study on Beneficiation of a High Oxidation Rate Atacamite Ore in Xinjiang
    WANG Yonghui
    2022, 38(8):  157. 
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    The grade of a copper oxide ore in Xinjiang is low. In order to determine a reasonable utili⁃ zation process of the ores，the mineral processing experiments were carried out based on the process miner⁃ alogy research. The results showed that the oxidation rate of the ores reach up to 93.12%. The value copper minerals atacamite is with the fine disseminated grain size，and associate closely with gangue minerals， such as dolomite and chlorite，which makes it difficult to achieve monomer dissociation. The ore belongs to low grade and refractory copper oxide ore，which is easy to be mud. When the grinding fineness is -0.074 mm accounting for 85%，flotation process of one roughing，two cleaning，two scavenging and middling re⁃ turning in sequence was adopted and the copper concentrate with Cu grade of 27.20% and recovery rate of 75.39% was obtained，which realized the effective recovery of copper.
    Study on Low-alkalinity Copper Flotation from Tailings in Dexing Copper Mine
    DU Wenping
    2022, 38(8):  160. 
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    The copper grade of pre-enrichment products in tailings recovery plant of Dexing Copper Mine is 0.15%，and the copper minerals mainly is chalcopyrite，mainly distributed in 0.043~0.015 mm. 90% of the chalcopyrite exist in the form of coenobium，most of which are difficult to be fully dissociated. The content of sulfur minerals pyrite is high，and mainly exist in the form of monomer and distributed in 0.05~0.13 mm. In order to realize the efficient recovery of copper minerals，flotation tests were carried out on the basis of process mineralogy research and field process as reference. The results showed that under the condition of grinding fineness of -0.043 mm accounting for 85% and sodium sulfite as inhibitor，copper concentrate with copper grade of 16.43% and copper recovery rate of 63.12% was finally obtained with one roughing，one scavenging and two cleaning low-alkalinity flotation，which realized the low alkalinity recov⁃ ery of the copper minerals in the samples.
    Beneficiation Experimental Study on a Gold Ore in Hunan
    LUO Guoqing, HUANG Xiaguang, LI Yang, LU Keke, SHI Zhuoxiong, LIN Hai
    2022, 38(8):  164. 
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    The Au grade of a gold ore in Hunan is 2.41 g/t，the main gold-bearing minerals are arse⁃ nopyrite and pyrite，the main gangue minerals are kaolin，chlorite and so on. The disseminated grain size of gold minerals is very fine，and the amount of single gold particles is very small. Most gold particles are connected with arsenopyrite or contained in arsenopyrite，and a small part of gold particles are contained in pyrite. The beneficiation tests were carried out to determine the suitable separation technology of the ore. The results showed that gravity separation by shaking was applied for the samples when the grinding fine⁃ ness is -0.074 mm accounting for 78%. Then，the middlings from gravity separation was processed by the closed-circuit flotation process of one roughing and two cleaning and middlings return in sequence when the grinding fineness is -0.074 mm accounting for 87.77%. Finally，the gold concentrate with yield of 1.84%，Au grade of 111.45 g/t and recovery rate of 85.05% was obtained. The quality of gold concentrate met the quality requirements of first grade products containing arsenopyrite，and the gold recovery was well realized.
    Experimental Study on Gold Recovery from a Cyanide Residue by Flotation
    CHEN Jianfu, ZHOU Jian, CHEN Yu, TU Youbing
    2022, 38(8):  167. 
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    The resources of gold concentrate in a gold smelter is very complicated, and the cyanide leaching process is not very stable, resulting in the gold grade of cyanide tailing up to 3.75 g/t. In order to reduce gold loss and improve the utilization rate of secondary resources, the process flow test of gold flota⁃ tion was carried out on the basis of process mineralogy research. The results showed that the sample size is fine, and the main metal sulfide mineral pyrite is the main carrier mineral of gold. Gold is mainly encapsu⁃ lated by sulfide minerals that are not completely oxidized and slightly enriched in fine grain. The sample was treated by a closed-circuit process of one roughing, two cleaning and one scavenging, and middling was returned in sequence. Finally, a flotation gold concentrate with yield of 13.27%, gold grade of 21.47 g/t and gold recovery rate of 75.98% was obtained. Good gold recovery effect was achieved and efficient recovery of secondary gold resources was realized.
    Experiment on Gold Recovery by Flotation from a Gold Leaching Residue in Sichuan
    LU Xiaolong , LI Tian'en
    2022, 38(8):  171. 
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    The full slime cyanidation leaching residue of a gold concentrate powder in Sichuan is with fineness of -29 μm accounting for 80.23%, and the gold grade is 4.02 g/t. The bare and semi-bare con⁃ joined gold accounts for 40.69% of the total gold, and the sulfide inclusion gold accounts for 4.66%. Other gold mainly occurs in quartz and silicate minerals. In order to recover the gold from the secondary resource, beneficiation experiments were carried out. The results showed that the sample was treated by flotation pro⁃ cess, one flotation coarse concentrate was grinded to -29 μm accounting for 87.5% and then selected for four times, and the roughing tailings were scavenged twice in the closed-circuit. Finally, gold concentrate with gold grade of 34.20 g/t and recovery rate of 43.49% was obtained. Combined with the results of gold phase analysis, bare and semi-bare gold and sulfide inclusion gold were fully recovered.
    Flotation Test Research of a Calcite-type Fluorite Mine in Hunan
    YU Xianlin, YANG Chang'an
    2022, 38(8):  174. 
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    The content of CaF2 and CaCO3 are 36.73% and 14.34%，respectively in a calcite-type fluorite ore. The valuable minerals are fluorite，and the main gangue minerals are quartz，calcite，kaolinite and feldspar. The flotation test study was carried out for efficient recovery of fluorite. The results showed that when the grinding fineness is -0.074 mm accounting for 70% with sodium carbonate as adjustment agent，water glass as inhibitor and BK410 as collector，the fluorite concentrate with CaF2 grade of 90.32% and CaF2 recovery rate of 77.11% could be obtained through the closed-circuit flotation of one roughing， eight cleaning，one scavenging and middling return in sequence. The process flow structure is simple and reasonable，and the flotation index is ideal.
    Experimental Study on Beneficiation of a Low Grade Quartz Type Fluorite Ore
    LIU Bin
    2022, 38(8):  178. 
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    A low grade quartz type flurite ore in Inner Mongolia contains CaF2 of 29.36% and SiO2 of 49.58%. The main useful mineral is fluorite，and the main gangue minerals are quartz，potash feldspar and aluminosilicate minerals and so on. Fluorite is easily dissociated and has been completely dissociated to monomer under the grinding fineness of -0.074 mm accounting for 74.0%. In order to determine the flota⁃ tion process of the ores，colsed-circuit flotation experiments was carried out based on conditional tests， times of cleaning and open-circuit flotation. The results showed that when the grinding fineness of -0.074 mm accounts for 85%，the concentrate with CaF2 grade of 97.23%，recovery rate of 87.16%，SiO2 content of 0.75% and CaCO3 content of 0.87% was obtained in the condition of adopting the flotation process of one roughing，two scavenging，five cleaning and middles returning in sequence. The sodium silicate with modu⁃ lus of 2.3，industrial oleic acid and sodium carbonate was regarded as depressant，collector and pH regula⁃ tor，respectively，which realizes the effective recovery of fluorite.
    Study on Zinc Extraction from Copper Smelting Slag by Vacuum Carbothermal Reduction
    YANG Jianguo, MA Hongzhou, WANG Yaoning
    2022, 38(8):  181. 
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    The zinc content of a copper smelting slag is 5.15%，and the zinc is mainly in the form of zinc oxide，followed by a small amount of zinc sulfide and zinc silicate. In order to determine the develop⁃ ment and utilization scheme of the secondary resource，the vacuum carbothermal reduction test was carried out. The results showed that: ① with the increase of carbon content，the volatilization rate of zinc increases significantly at first and then slows down. The reaction system increased from natural alkalinity to alkalinity 0.6，and the volatilization rate of zinc increased significantly to above 90%. ② With the initial vacuum of 10 Pa，the temperature of 1 000 ℃ for 0.5 h，the alkalinity of the reaction system of 0.6，and the carbon content of 1.9 times of the theoretical amount，the volatilization rate of zinc is 97.72%. CaO can not only promote the reduction of ZnS and Zn2SiO4，but also avoid the sintering of slag. ③ Under the condition of 1.9 times the theoretical carbon content，the main phases in the reduction slag are CaFe+2SiO4，Fe3O4 and Fe，which creates the conditions for the subsequent recovery of iron from the slag.
    Research of Comprehensive Recovery of High Selenium and Silver Fume Dust from a Silver Cyanide Mud Converter
    WANG Weiting , ZHANG Xiaojun
    2022, 38(8):  185. 
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    In view of the high selenium，silver，lead and gold content in the smelting fume dust of a silver cyanide mud converter，the process of preferential separation of selenium with dilute sulfuric acid， recovery of most gold and silver by pyrometallurgical smelting，and cyanide leaching of gold and silver from smelting slag were studied in order to avoid the adverse effects of hash pyrometallurgical smelting operation environment，high slag rate，low gold and silver recovery rate，and selenium on subsequent processes. The optimum technological conditions for the preferential separation of selenium with dilute sulfuric acid are that the concentration of dilute sulfuric acid is 25%，the mass ratio of solid to liquid is 1∶6，and the reac⁃ tion temperature is 85 ℃. The optimum technological conditions for the reduction of selenium leaching solu⁃ tion are that the dosage of sodium sulfite is 110 g/L，the dosage of thiourea is 10 g/L，and the aging time is 12 h. The optimum technological conditions for pyrometallurgical smelting of selenium leaching residue are that the mass ratio of leaching residue，iron powder，sodium carbonate and coal is 50∶1∶15∶5. The opti⁃ mum technological conditions for cyanide leaching of gold and silver from pyrometallurgical smelting slag are that pulp concentration is 33%，calcium oxide concentration is 0.12%，sodium cyanide concentration is 1.2%，cyanide leaching time is 96 h. The try-production adopts the process conditions determined by the test. A total of 40 tons of high selenium and silver fuem dust with a gold grade of 150 g/t，a silver grade of 7% and a selenium grade of 6% were treated，gaining gold of 5.98 kg，the gold recovery rate of 99.7%， the silver of 2.77 t，the silver recovery rate of 99.1%，the selenium of 2.12 t，and the selenium recovery rate of 88.35%. The economic benefit reaches 1.131 9 million yuan. The economic，environmental and so⁃ cial benefits are remarkable.
    Research on Sodium Modification of Calcium Bentonite for Preparation Pellets by Dry Method
    ZENG Rongqing, QIN Zuoming, ZHANG Pihui, CHENG Hui, ZHANG Xiuhua, MENG Xueren
    2022, 38(8):  188. 
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    The two kinds of calcium bentonite of A and B produced from a certain company in Guangxi Province were used as raw materials，and the dry sodium modification process was adopted to ex⁃ plore the influence of the ratio of two bentonite，the type and dosage of sodium agent，the high speed mix⁃ ing time，and the aging time on the sodium modification effects. Then，the sodium bentonite with excellent physicochemical properties was prepared. The results showed that in the condition of the sodium agent sodi⁃ um carbonate dosage of 3%，the mass ratio of A and B bentonite of 2∶1，the high speed mixing time of 30 s，and the aging time at room temperature of 15 h，the blue absorption of 100 g modified bentonite in⁃ creased from 26.8 g to 32.1 g. The water absorption increased from 190% to 580%，and the expansion vol⁃ ume increased from 5.0 mL/g to 36.0 mL/g，which meet the quality requirements of bentonite for metallurgi⁃ cal pellets( Bentonite (GB/T 20973—2020)) and can be used as a binder for metallurgical pellets. The dry sodium modification process has the characteristics of simple operation，low energy consumption，economi⁃ cal and practical，and short production cycle.
    Study on Settlement Tests for Desliming Overflow of OM ELKHECHEB Phosphate Ores in Tunisia
    KONG Huixian, ZHAO Yong, SUN Tengfei
    2022, 38(8):  192. 
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    In order to improve phosphorus selection effect，the slime，which is ultrafine and difficult⁃ ly to settle was produced by cyclone before flotation in Gafsa phosphate washing plant of Tunisia. The slime was described with pH of 7，dry density of 2.86 g/cm3 and yield of -23 μm grain size of 65.2%.In or⁃ der to solve the problem of high efficient settlement of the slime，a systematic dense settlement test was car⁃ ried out. The results showed that: ①The static natural settlement test showed that the natural settlement ve⁃ locity is very slow regardless of the pulp concentration. The lower the concentration is，the faster the sedi⁃ mentation rate is.The amount of dry ore treated per unit area at different concentrations is almost un⁃ changed. ② The static flocculation settlement test showed that the sedimentation rate is significantly accel⁃ erated with the addition of flocculant TNS，and sedimentation rate is faster with the increase of TNS dos⁃ age，and the dry ore treatment capacity per unit area increases correspondingly. The higher the pulp concen⁃ tration is，the slower the sedimentation rate is，and the dry ore treatment capacity per unit area increases first and then decreases.The appropriate pulp concentration is 5%.③The dynamic flocculation settlement test showed that the concentration of underflow decreases and the concentration of overflow water increases with the increase of slurry feeding speed. In order to ensure that the underflow concentration is higher than 25%，the suitable feeding speed of dynamic thickening test device is determined to be 0.1 m3/h.
    Research on Key Technology in Special Graphite Production
    SHEN Baojin, LI Xiaoxiang, WANG Wei, KUANG Geping, LI Qingbo, PEI Xiaodong
    2022, 38(8):  195. 
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    In order to obtain the optimal properties of special graphite products，the effects of three kinds of special graphite production processes on the thermal expansion coefficient，resistivity，flexural strength and compressive strength of the products were studied experimentally，and the optimal graphitiza⁃ tion heating system of "one soaking，two baking and graphitization" was determined. The results showed that the thermal and mechanical properties of the product are the best under the condition of heating proce⁃ dure 2 and the maximum temperature of 2 810 ℃. The density，flexural strength，resistivity，thermal ex⁃ pansion coefficient and anisotropy of the final product of "one dip，two bake and two graphitization" and "two dip，three bake and graphitization" process are larger，that is，the mechanical properties of the prod⁃ uct are improved，but the thermal properties are reduced.
    Study on the Evaluation Method of Thermal Shock Resistance of Graphite
    KUANG Geping, LIN Chuan, WANG Qun, ZHANG Xuefeng, XU Qiufa
    2022, 38(8):  198. 
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    In order to effectively evaluate the thermal shock resistance of graphite, expression of graphite thermal shock resistance is refined by combining engineering calculation and finite element analy⁃ sis. The parameters sensitive to thermal shock factors in material properties were identified and used to evaluate the thermal shock resistance performance of different graphite products. And then the evaluation were verified by the engine test results to provide a reference basis for the development of special graphite.
    Research and Application of Circumferential Extrusion Magnetic System Separator
    FENG Lili , CHENG Lei, WANG Tiange, ZHENG Zhaoxing , LIU Zhineng
    2022, 38(8):  202. 
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    In view of the problem that the specific magnetization coefficient of fine-grained weak magnetic iron ore in China is very low and the inclusion rate of conventional high-intensity magnetic sepa⁃ ration technology is high，the structure of a new type of permanent circumferential extrusion magnetic sys⁃ tem was studied. The magnetic force relationship model in the circumferential alternating magnetic pole magnetic circuit was discussed. The three-sided axial extrusion magnetic circuit was extended to the cir⁃ cumferential extrusion magnetic circuit，and the circumferential extrusion magnetic circuit model with high magnetic force and high-speed magnetic flip was established. The permanent magnet high-intensity mag⁃ netic separator with circumferential extrusion magnetic circuit was developed. The separation effect was ver⁃ ified by the separation test of prepared minerals and actual minerals，which lays a technical foundation for the high-precision separation of weak magnetic minerals.
    Construction of Intelligent Safety Management Information System in Coal Mine
    HAN Wei
    2022, 38(8):  206. 
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    In view of the backwardness of the coal mine safety management mode and the frequent oc⁃ currence of various production accidents，an intelligent coal mine safety management information system is proposed. The system combines the risk classification management and control with the hidden danger in⁃ vestigation and governance mechanism，forming an information platform for coal mine safety management with a dual prevention mechanism. After practical application，the intelligent safety management system can reduce the number of safety management personnel by 57.1% and the number of mine safety accidents by 93.6%，realizing the informatization and intelligence of mine safety management.
    Application of On-line Safety Monitoring System in a Tailing Reservoir
    XIANG Chenguang
    2022, 38(8):  210. 
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    Tailing reservoir is a potential safety hazard point. In order to improve the safety stability of tailing reservoir, the application situation of tailing reservoir online safety monitoring system were intro⁃ duced based on features design and function analysis of tailing reservoir online safety monitoring system. It is pointed out that it is very necessary to build an online safety monitoring system in tailings reservoir, which can reduce the accident probability of tailings reservoir to a certain extent and improve mine produc⁃ tion safety. With the increasing awareness of the importance of online safety monitoring system, online safe⁃ ty monitoring system will become more perfect.
    Cloud Monitoring System of Mobile Emulsion Explosive Truck in Open-pit Mine
    PENG Huazhi, CHEN Fei
    2022, 38(8):  214. 
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    As a discrete production unit，mobile emulsion explosive trucks are widely used in blast⁃ ing sites of open-pit mines，but they are major hazard source equipment，isolated from the existing infor⁃ mation monitoring system，and have always lacked effective safety supervision methods. In order to improve the current situation of safety protection of mobile emulsion explosive trucks，the functions of the monitor⁃ ing system are designed from the aspects of control system monitoring，video monitoring，and safety opera⁃ tion monitoring by studying the principle of vehicle safety risk. Based on the establishment of the improved cloud monitoring system architecture，the data and video information of emulsion explosive trucks are gath⁃ ered in the edge cloud，and the government affairs cloud is connected through the wireless 4G private net⁃ work to realize the cloud data storage and operation configuration of the monitoring system. The cloud ser⁃ vice technology of building edge cloud-government cloud is proposed，and the second-level monitoring and early warning technology is introduced. The establishment of the cloud monitoring system can bring ex⁃ plosives mixed trucks into the scope of safety supervision，which is of great significance for daily operation monitoring and early warning，scheduling management and risk analysis.
    Gas and Fire Control Technology in Fully Mechanized Caving Goaf of a Coal Mine
    DONG Qiang
    2022, 38(8):  218. 
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    The top coal caving mining in the fully mechanized caving face of a mine will leave a large amount of coal in the goaf. When the goaf is taken gas drainage measures，it will lead to the air leakage of the working face into the goaf，resulting in the change of the air flow field in the goaf，thereby increasing the risk of spontaneous combustion in the goaf. In view of this problem，the FLUENT numerical software was used to establish the simulation numerical model of goaf spontaneous combustion danger zone. The suit⁃ able air volume of working face was 1 200 m3/min，the extraction amount was 140 m3/min，and the nitrogen injection amount was 1 000 m3/h. The minimum advancing speed of working face was determined to be 2.05 m/d. According to the field test，the pure volume of extraction is 15 m3/min，the wind discharge is 4 m3/ min，and the maximum value of CO in the deep part of the goaf is 2~23 ppm，which better takes into ac⁃ count the gas and fire control.
    Research on Stabilization of Multiple High Metal Crap Slag with Industrial-agricultural Solid Waste Collaborative Action
    SU Jian, LI Xiaoming, HUA Shaoguang, YIN Juan, LIAO Chunyu, SONG Hainong
    2022, 38(8):  223. 
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    In order to provide theoretical and technical basis for heavy metal waste slag or contaminat⁃ ed soil stabilization remediation by using industrial and agricultural solid waste，the synchronous stabiliza⁃ tion effect of industrial solid waste steel slag and desulfurization gypsum，agricultural solid waste bagasse and chicken manure on heavy metals in metallurgical waste residue was studied. Under the conditions of the mixing ratio（volume ratio）of solid waste and waste slag in the reaction layer was 1∶9，and the ratio of material desulfurization gypsum，steel slag，bagasse，poultry manure was 1∶1∶6∶12，the change of leach⁃ ing toxicity on As，Pb and Zn in the waste slag by 360 days was tested. At the same time，the microbial com⁃ munity of the reaction layer was analyzed for 360 days under the condition of metallurgy-agriculture solid waste synergy. The results showed that the leaching toxicity of As，Pb and Zn was respectively reduced by 99.8%，100%（NG）and 86.5%，and the leaching water was reached the surface water quality standard of Class III. From the microbial community data of 180 d and 360 d，the proportion of shared OTU were gradu⁃ ally decreased by 22.3 percentage points and 11.8 percentage points respectively.The high-abundance spe⁃ cies were relatively stable at phylum and class level in 180 d and 360 d，in which class as Gammaproteobac⁃ teria，Alphaproteobacteria，Actinobacteria，Bacteroidia，Fourth phylum chloroflexia，Bacilli，Gemmatimonade⁃ tes are higher than others，so it is considered that the multi-layer covering mainly induces changes in the abundance of the above flora，which in turn affects the morphology and toxicity of heavy metals.
    Sewage Treatment Technology in Green Development Demonstration Zone of Yichang Phosphate Mine
    LIU Lin , CHEN Aizhang , PEI Mingsong, LI Yuan , Si Xiaohua, HUANG Dejiang , CHENG Lin, ZHAO Yongxing
    2022, 38(8):  227. 
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    Yichang Phosphate Mine is one of the five major phosphate mining bases in China. The phosphorus chemical industry cluster has been gradually formed around the advantages of phosphate ores resources. Green mining technology in Yichang Phosphate Mine is in the forefront of the China，and the green mining development demonstration zone has been formed. In order to popularize the sewage treatment technology and experience in Yichang Phosphate Mine green development demonstration area，the water treatment technologies in the mining area，such as multistage sedimentation system of mine water，floccu⁃ lant phosphorus removal technology，domestic sewage purification system，on-line water quality monitor⁃ ing system are introduced from the aspect of water quality，and ecological compensation system. The imple⁃ mentation of a series of measures has ensured that the water quality of the Eastern Branch of the Huangbai River Basin meets the standard，and established a long-term mechanism for the development of green min⁃ ing industry. The sewage treatment method and guarantee system in phosphate ores area are worth popular⁃ izing in the construction and development of green mines.
    Research on the Influence of Repeated Mining on the Distribution of Surface Subsidence
    ZHANG Wei, REN Zhenqun, LI Yang, YANG Mohan
    2022, 38(8):  231. 
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    In order to study the effect of repeated mining on the surface，the observation results of surface movement in the seventh mining area of Nantun Coal Mine were used as the research background to reveal the characteristics of surface subsidence under repeated mining conditions. The results show that re⁃ peated mining changes the distribution characteristics of subsidence. The influence of goaf with short stop mining time on subsidence distribution is more obvious than that with long stop mining time. The side sub⁃ sidence value，subsidence range and subsidence speed of goaf with short stop mining time are larger. Af⁃ fected by multiple repeated mining，the response of surface points to mining is more rapid，which is mani⁃ fested as that the surface movement has only active period and recession period.
    Management of Geological Environment of Yongxing Quartz Mine
    LIU Zhongyuan, XUE Lei, GUAN Xiujuan, NING Rui
    2022, 38(8):  235. 
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    Aiming at the destruction of the geological environment of the abandoned quartz stone mines，firstly，on-site investigation and slope stability analysis were carried out；then，combined with the regional natural conditions and ecological environment，a zoning treatment plan was proposed. The compre⁃ hensive method of ' cutting slope and reducing load + intercepting drainage ditch + hanging net soil spray⁃ ing + site leveling + planting soil trees and sowing grass seeds to restore green ' was used to control. Final⁃ ly，the hidden dangers of geological disasters were eliminated，the vegetation coverage was improved，and the ecological environment in the mine area was improved.
    Research on Rapid Surface Construction Technology of Open-pit DTM BASED ON AUTO CAD Secondary Development
    FAN Zhenhua, LI Jiaoqun, FU Xinkai, LU Jiaoxu, GAO Song, CHENG Xiangchen
    2022, 38(8):  238. 
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    The DTM surface construction of the open-pit mine was completed under the Auto CAD platform，and the surface model and the secondary boundary model were constructed based on the wire⁃ frame model by using the triangulation algorithm，and their intersection lines were obtained. Based on the intersection line shear surface and the secondary boundary line frame model，the final boundary line frame model with terrain line is formed，the establishment of three-dimensional visualization model is realized， Build application menus，compile application programs，and finally realize the programming of DTM sur⁃ face construction and operation in the finel realm of open-pit mines. It is of great significance to improve the accuracy and efficiency of design while reducing the error for drawing the final boundary design map of open-pit mines.
    Research on Scheduling Mechanism of Natural Gas Production-supply-storage-sale System in Guizhou Province
    TIAN Shouqiang, ZHENG Wei
    2022, 38(8):  243. 
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    In order to adapt to the new situation of China's oil and gas system reform and realize the sustained，healthy and high-quality development of the natural gas industry in Guizhou Province，it is nec⁃ essary to carry out scientific planning from the operation mechanism and construction form of the natural gas production-supply-storage-sale system. Based on the current situation and existing problems of the pro⁃ duction，supply，storage and marketing system in Guizhou Province，this paper puts forward the operation and dispatching mechanism of the natural gas production，supply，storage and marketing system in Gui⁃ zhou Province. The mechanism has the scientific functions of the provincial scientific dispatching system， the prediction and early warning mechanism of natural gas supply and demand，the supply guarantee emer⁃ gency system，the safe operation mechanism of natural gas and the dynamic management ability，so as to effectively ensure the safe and efficient supply of natural gas in Guizhou Province and the gas needs of peo⁃ ple's livelihood. It has guiding significance for promoting the coordinated and stable development of natural gas upstream，middle and downstream in Guizhou Province.
    Mine Image Classification Based on Multi-scale and Repetitive Attention Mechanism
    LI Hui, LIU Gui, YUAN Hang, WANG Yuchen
    2022, 38(8):  248. 
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    Accurate classification and identification of coal gangue is an important problem to be solved in the safe and precise mining of coal mines. Residual network shows great advantages in image clas⁃ sification tasks. Using residual network and overcoming its shortcomings in feature extraction，a mine image classification model is proposed. The model combines multi-scale idea and repeated attention method，and also adds ResNet network feature extraction method to the model. In addition，the jump connection is add⁃ ed to the model，which can reduce the calculation amount of the model. Based on the real experimental da⁃ ta，the accuracy of this model is improved by 3 % compared with other classification models.
    Control of Over-diameter Ore of Vehicle Stacking in Laypitang Copper Mine Heap Leaching Yard
    LIU Li, HOU Yanjun, CHEN Liming, SONG Weitao
    2022, 38(8):  252. 
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    The heap leaching yard of the Laypitang Open-pit Copper Mine in Myanmar uses vehicles stacking. The problem of ore over-diameter ratio exceeding the standard and not meeting the quality re⁃ quirements of vehicle stacking often occurs during construction. In order to solve the quality control prob⁃ lems in each process of vehicle stacking，the characteristics of each construction process are comprehen⁃ sively analyzed，and practical quality control measures are proposed. Through a clear goal，division of re⁃ sponsibility，full supervision mode，the over-diameter ore problem is controled from multi-gate.
    Pumping and Water Injection Test and Water Inflow Prediction in Shimangkeng Gold Mine
    LI Zhongquan
    2022, 38(8):  256. 
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    In the detailed hydrogeological work of Shimangkeng Gold Mine，the methods of steady flow pumping and water injection are used to obtain the permeability coefficient of the aquifer respectively. By analyzing the difference between the two test results，a reasonable permeability coefficient is deter⁃ mined，which provides a basis for the prediction of water inflow. The reasons for the large difference in per⁃ meability coefficient are the small amount of water，the short duration of pumping，and the inconsistency of test sections. Referring to the empirical value of the permeability coefficient of sandstone and siltstone，the permeability coefficient of the water injection test is selected，and the large-well method is used to predict the mine water inflow，and the calculated mine water inflow is 166 m3/d.