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Table of Content

    25 September 2026, Volume 42 Issue 09
    Previous Issue   
    Application and Prospect of“One Model to the End”Construction Mode in Mineral Processing Engineering
    FENG Zhiqiang WU Yacong CHEN Leping HE Rongquan
    2026, 42(09):  1-6，62. 
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    In order to improve the technical ability of each participant of mineral processing engineer⁃ ing in the whole life cycle of engineering construction and promote the digital，intelligent and high-quality development of the industry，the digital model construction and application research in the design，construc⁃ tion and operation stages are carried out for the digital construction and application of the whole process of mineral processing engineering.The research results show that the“one model to the end”mode of mineral processing engineering can effectively connect the stages of design，construction and operation，and realize the unified circulation and collaborative application of data and models through the process mechanism mod⁃ el，three-dimensional design model，construction model and operation and maintenance management mod⁃ el，so as to improve the efficiency of engineering construction and operation and reduce the engineering cost. The“one model to the end”mode can promote the data fusion and business collaboration of the whole life cy⁃ cle of the mineral processing project，which is the inevitable trend of the digital and intelligent transforma⁃ tion of the engineering construction of the concentrator.
    Research Progress and Prospect of Slope Stability of Ionic Rare Earth Ore
    XIE Yu, PAN Dongbin, JIN Chengcai LIAO Beibei, ZHU Qihao, ZENG Yunshuang, HE Hui HE Yanxin
    2026, 42(09):  7-13，19. 
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    In order to ensure the safety of personnel life and property and the safety of ecological envi⁃ ronment in the process of in-situ leaching mining of ionic rare earth ore，the influencing factors，instability warning and prevention and control measures are systematically sorted out for the slope stability problem un⁃ der the action of in-situ leaching.By analyzing the influence mechanism of factors such as topography，strati⁃ graphic lithology，leaching solution and rainfall，the application status of prevention and control measures such as monitoring and early warning，injection parameter optimization，engineering treatment and ecologi⁃ cal protection is summarized.The research shows that there are still some deficiencies in the current research on the coupling mechanism of multi-field (seepage field，stress-strain field，chemical field)，the applicabil⁃ ity of liquid injection parameters and green prevention and control technology under the condition of in-situ leaching.In the future，it is necessary to strengthen the research on slope stability under multi-factor cou⁃ pling，promote the application of new reinforcement technology，and improve the classification standard of liquid injection parameters.This study can provide a comprehensive and in-depth reference for the study of slope stability of ionic rare earth mines and promote the development of safe and efficient mining technology.
    Development Status and Trend of Lithium Ion Extraction Technology
    YANG Duo, SUN Hongjuan, PENG Tongjiang, LUO Shanxia DU Xiao HAO Xiaogang
    2026, 42(09):  14-19. 
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    In order to cope with the shortage of supply and demand of global lithium resources and the continuous rise of prices，the distribution and main forms of global lithium resources are introduced. The extraction methods and application fields of lithium ions are reviewed，including hydrometallurgy，dry metallurgy，ion exchange and adsorption. The technical principles，technical status，application advantag⁃ es and limitations are discussed respectively，and the advantages and disadvantages of various methods are systematically summarized and compared.At the same time，the development trend and direction of lithi⁃ um-ion extraction technology are prospected from four dimensions: the direction of technological innova⁃ tion，the application of new materials and new processes，the trend of sustainable development and green⁃ ing，and the drive of policy and market demand，which can provide theoretical support and practical refer⁃ ence for enhancing the development ability of lithium resources in China and reducing the cost and increas⁃ ing the efficiency of lithium extraction technology.
    Research on Green Transformation and Sustainable Development of Mineral Resources Geological Exploration in Xinjiang
    YIN Kebao
    2026, 42(09):  20-23. 
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    In order to solve the contradiction between mineral resources development and ecological protection in Xinjiang，promote the green transformation in the field of geological exploration，and help the sustainable development of regional mining industry，combined with the industry current situation of miner⁃ al resources endowment and geological exploration in Xinjiang，this paper combs the core role of geologi⁃ cal exploration in the green development of mineral resources in Xinjiang by means of literature research， case analysis and theory combined with practice，analyzes the outstanding problems of current geological exploration in the integration of green concept，technology application and standard implementation，and explores the green technology path and implementation strategy of geological exploration suitable for Xinji⁃ ang's regional characteristics.The research shows that geological exploration is the pre-link of mineral re⁃ sources development，and its greening level directly determines the ecological friendliness and sustainabili⁃ ty of resource development. By optimizing the exploration technology system，improving the green explora⁃ tion norms，and strengthening the scientific and technological empowerment and collaborative control，the quality of green development of mineral resources in Xinjiang can be effectively improved，and the coordi⁃ nated promotion of resource utilization，ecological protection and regional development can be realized.
    Application and Practice of Intelligent Grinding System in a Molybdenum Mine
    MENG Liuyang, WU Hanqi, YUAN Long, HAN Chaoyu CHEN Chong, HAN Huajie, CHENG Zhiqiang, ZHAO Hu, YANG Ruoran,
    2026, 42(09):  24-29. 
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    In order to solve the problems of traditional low manual control accuracy，lagging parame⁃ ter detection and insufficient automation level in the process of grinding and classification，a molybdenum mine intelligently upgraded the 1# grinding and classification system of 10 000 tons series in the ore dress⁃ ing workshop，and constructed an intelligent grinding control system integrating intelligent sensing instru⁃ ment，multi-modal data fusion and expert system control.The system collects key parameters such as mill load and cyclone overflow particle size in real time through perception equipment such as mill load on-line detection system and pulp particle size on-line analyzer，and integrates soft measurement model to accu⁃ rately correct overflow particle size.Based on the expert system algorithm，the ore feeding amount of the mill，the water feeding amount of the pump tank and the frequency of the classification slurry pump are dy⁃ namically adjusted to realize the adaptive optimization of the whole process of grinding and classification. The application results show that the system reduces the fluctuation of overflow particle size of -74 μm cy⁃ clone by 50%，and improves the efficiency of ball mill by 2.3%. At the same time，the liquid level stabili⁃ ty of the classification pump pool is increased by 37.5%，and the classification pressure stability of the cy⁃ clone is increased by 33%.The system significantly improves the intelligent level and product qualification rate of grinding classification，which can provide practical reference for the intelligent upgrading of the whole process of mine.
    Development and Application of SLAM System Based on Laser-Vision-Inertial Navigation Fusion for Underground Mines
    PANG Fan, PANG Qingyun MA Shuhao
    2026, 42(09):  30-36. 
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    Aiming at the unstructured degradation environment of underground mines，the laser point cloud map generated by conventional laser-inertial navigation SLAM technology has problems such as lack of texture information，poor visualization effect，and insufficient absolute accuracy under the interference of dynamic objects. It is difficult to meet the engineering requirements of fine acceptance and safety risk assess⁃ ment of roadways. A SLAM acquisition system integrating lidar，industrial camera and inertial navigation sensor is studied and developed. The hardware integration design and space-time synchronization scheme are completed. The FAST-LIVO2 tightly coupled SLAM algorithm is improved，and the M-detector dynam⁃ ic target detection module is embedded. The forward mutual promotion mechanism of dynamic point filtering and pose optimization is established. Based on the 280 m production roadway of an underground mine in Gui⁃ zhou，the field test was carried out，and the coordinate transformation and accuracy evaluation were carried out with the measured target center coordinates of the total station as the true value. The results show that the absolute mapping accuracy of the system can reach 13.5 cm in the range of 280 m roadway. Compared with the non-fusion dynamic object detection，the mapping accuracy is improved by more than 20 %. The true color point cloud map generated has clear texture，good color restoration，and high composite degree with roadway CAD design map. Finally，based on the true color point cloud data，the roadway safety risk assess⁃ ment is carried out，which verifies the practical value of the system in the digitization and safety manage⁃ ment of underground mines，and provides technical support for the fine perception of three-dimensional space in roadways.
    Application and Research of Artificial Intelligence Large Model in Coal Mine Safety Management
    ZHANG Haijun
    2026, 42(09):  37-40，48. 
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    In order to solve the industry pain points of multi-source information heterogeneity，low knowledge utilization efficiency and lagging risk decision-making in coal mine safety management，aiming at the problems of imperfect technical system of intelligent safety management and control in coal mines and insufficient support for the application of large models，a systematic study on the theoretical framework and key technical system of large models of coal mine safety management is carried out.The research ex⁃ plores from the two core dimensions of theory and technology，and builds an intelligent management and control system suitable for coal mine safety scenarios. At the theoretical level，a four-layer closed-loop model of coal mine safety management large model based on cognitive intelligence is constructed，and the two-way interactive operation mechanism of data-driven，knowledge-driven and decision-making synergy in the semantic space of the large model is clarified.At the technical level，a complete technical system in⁃ tegrating multi-modal security perception and semantic alignment，security knowledge graph construction and knowledge injection，disaster risk reasoning and cognitive decision-making，cloud edge collaborative deployment and model lightweight is built.The research results show that the constructed theoretical model and technical system can effectively adapt to the complex safety management and control scenarios of coal mines and solve the shortcomings of traditional safety management intelligence. The large model of coal mine safety management has strong scene adaptation and application value. Deep specialization，multi�modal fusion and intelligent agent coordination are the core development directions of the future iterative evolution of this technology，which can provide theoretical support and technical reference for coal mine in⁃ telligent safety management and control.
    Optimization of Stope Structure Parameters Based on Mathews Chart Method and FLAC3D
    ZHOU Zhaocheng WEI Tianlu WANG Chen WANG Wei LONG Shaoliang WANG Mingfei
    2026, 42(09):  41-48. 
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    The mechanized mining of deep phosphate rock is affected by the conditions such as the in⁃ crease of ground stress and the fragmentation of rock mass. The exposed span of the stope can easily induce disasters such as roof caving and pillar instability. Reasonable optimization of the structural parameters of the stope is the key to ensure safe and efficient mining. Taking a deep phosphate mine in Guizhou as the en⁃ gineering background，aiming at the cutting and subsequent filling mining technology of cantilever road⁃ header，the field geological investigation，multi-method rock mass quality evaluation，Mathews stability chart method and FLAC3D numerical simulation were used to carry out the optimization of stope parameters. Through RMR，IRMR and MRMR classification methods，the quality of ore and rock is determined. The roof dolomite and phosphate rock are grade III medium rock mass，and the floor siliceous rock is grade II~III medium-good rock mass. Based on Mathews theory，the stability zoning threshold of the stope is cal⁃ culated，and the critical hydraulic radii of the stable zone and the unsupported transition zone are 5.30 m and 8.70 m，respectively. The length of the fixed stope is 50 m，and a total of 6 span conditions of 10~15 m are set for numerical simulation comparison. The evolution laws of surrounding rock stress，roof displace⁃ ment and deformation are analyzed. It is found that the disturbance of the 14 m span stope is the most signifi⁃ cant，and the stability of the 15 m span is slightly rebounded but the safety reserve is insufficient. The opti⁃ mal stope structure parameters obtained by comprehensive optimization are 50 m in length and 10 m in span.Under these parameters，the stress concentration of the stope is weak and the roof deformation is the small⁃ est. The field industrial test verifies that the optimized parameters can effectively inhibit the shear failure of surrounding rock and roof caving，and the overall stability of surrounding rock is good，which can provide reference for the design of mechanized mining parameters of similar deep phosphate mines.
    Unloading-support Failure Characteristics and Surrounding Rock Control of Small Coal Pillar Gob-side Entry Driving in Island Working Face
    LIU Yu XU Xin CHENG Xiang
    2026, 42(09):  49-55. 
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    Aiming at the control problem that the surrounding rock of small coal pillar gob-side entry driving in island working face is prone to large deformation，taking the air roadway of the second level south wing coal pillar working face of Hengyuan Coal Mine as the engineering background，the mechanical re⁃ sponse，crack evolution characteristics and surrounding rock control mechanism of coal body under the con⁃ ditions of excavation unloading and post-unloading support were studied by means of true triaxial unloading�support path test，acoustic emission monitoring and field mine pressure monitoring. The results show that the coal under the two stress paths of single-side unloading and post-unloading support is characterized by progressive failure. Compared with the single-sided unloading path，the peak strength of the sample under the support path increases from 58.13 MPa to 89.07 MPa，with an increase of 53.23%，and the peak axial displacement increases from 4.53 mm to 6.39 mm，with an increase of 41.06%，indicating that the support compensation significantly improves the bearing capacity and deformation coordination ability of the coal body. The coal failure under the two paths is dominated by tensile cracks，but the internal crack evolution under the support path is more persistent，and the proportion of intermediate frequency acoustic emission events increases from 68.70% to 88.43%. Field monitoring shows that，under the original support condi⁃ tions，the surrounding rock deformation in the test section exhibits obvious zonal characteristics. The sur⁃ rounding rock tends to be stable beyond 65 m from the second horizontal south wing coal pillar working face. The area between 30 m and 65 m from the second horizontal south wing coal pillar working face is a progres⁃ sive deformation zone. The area within 30 m from the second horizontal south wing coal pillar working face enters the stage of severe deformation. The peak value of roof separation is 37.2 mm，and the maximum con⁃ vergence of roof and floor and two sides is 421 mm and 463 mm respectively. Based on the test results and the law of mine pressure in the field，the coordinated control technology of“anchor beam + high-strength anchor full-length anchoring + intermittent repeated grouting modification”is proposed. After the engineer⁃ ing application，the stable area of surrounding rock is shortened to 40 m away from the south wing coal pillar working face of the second level，and the maximum relative displacement between the roof and floor and the two sides is reduced to 299 mm and 327 mm respectively，which is about 29 % lower than that before optimi⁃ zation，and the roof separation is controlled within 33 mm. The research results can provide reference for the large deformation control of surrounding rock of small coal pillar gob-side entry driving in island working face under similar conditions.
    Determination and Application of Key Technical Parameters of Deep Hole Extrusion Blasting in Sublevel Caving Method
    QU Hongfei
    2026, 42(09):  56-62. 
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    Aiming at the engineering problems of high boulder rate and serious damage of stope eye⁃ brow line in deep hole blasting in sublevel caving method without sill pillar of No Ⅱ ore body in Tongshan Mine，in order to improve the shoveling efficiency and ensure the safety of underground mining operation， based on the superposition theory of reflective tensile stress wave，combined with the physical and mechani⁃ cal characteristics of ore body and rock，similar mine engineering experience and extrusion blasting empiri⁃ cal formula，the key technical parameters of medium and deep hole extrusion blasting are systematically op⁃ timized and determined. The minimum resistance line (row spacing) of reasonable blasting is determined to be 2 m，the hole bottom distance is 2~2.5 m，the hole mouth distance is 0.8~1.4 m，the unit explosive con⁃ sumption is 0.4~0.45 kg/t，the caving step distance under conventional working conditions is 4 m，the caving step distance under local strengthening blasting conditions is not more than 5.1 m，and the millisecond inter⁃ val between rows is 50 ms. The optimization design of charge structure is completed. The industrial test veri⁃ fication was carried out based on four mining routes in 330 m section of the mining area.The results show that after the implementation of the optimization scheme，the lump rate of ≥ 700 mm ore rock is reduced to less than 5%，the damage times of the eyebrow line of a single route are no more than 2 times，the consumption of secondary crushing explosives is less than 0.15 kg/t，and the ore output of the scraper is increased to more than 1 200 t. Reasonable matching of row spacing and hole bottom spacing，and accurate row-to-row milli⁃second timing can achieve efficient superposition of blasting stress waves. With the optimized orifice protec⁃ tion charge structure，it is the core key to control the blasting block rate，suppress the eyebrow line damage， and achieve safe and efficient mining in mines.The research results can provide reference for the optimization of deep hole extrusion blasting parameters in the non-pillar sublevel caving method of similar hard deposits.
    Industrial Test and Environmental Safety Evaluation of Underground Goaf Filling with Modified Dihydrate Phosphogypsum
    SHI Liang YANG Guangtong ZHANG Jian ZHANG Qianjun
    2026, 42(09):  63-69，105. 
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    Aiming at the environmental pollution problems caused by large-scale storage of phospho⁃ gypsum and the hidden dangers of geological disasters in mine goaf，based on the engineering practice of Qingping Phosphate Mine，the optimization of underground filling ratio and field industrial test of modified dihydrate phosphogypsum were carried out. Phosphogypsum was used as the main material，and fly ash， lime and special admixtures were compounded to optimize the filling ratio. The engineering applicability and environmental safety of the filling technology were systematically verified by mechanical property test，toxic⁃ ity leaching test，retaining wall mechanical checking and whole process monitoring of global water environ⁃ ment. The test results show that the modified phosphogypsum filling body with optimized ratio has excellent working performance and can realize underground gravity transportation. The 28 d compressive strength reaches 6.19 MPa，which meets the design requirements of mine filling support. The modified system can ef⁃ fectively solidify harmful ions such as phosphorus and fluorine. The leaching concentrations of fluoride and phosphate in the filling body are 0.604 mg/L and 0.04 mg/L，respectively，which meet the standard of Class I general industrial solid waste and have good environmental compatibility. Field industrial test and water quality monitoring confirmed that the layered filling construction technology was safe and reliable，and the filling operation did not cause adverse effects on the regional groundwater and surface water environment.The economic benefit analysis shows that compared with the traditional sand-gravel filling process，this technology can save the filling cost by 25.494 million yuan/a. It can absorb the solid waste of phosphogyp⁃ sum on a large scale，control the underground goaf，and realize the synergistic benefit of waste treatment and green mining. It can provide reliable engineering reference and technical demonstration for the resource utilization of solid waste in phosphate mines and the treatment of goaf.
    Application of Key Technology of Anti-well Drilling Rig in Blind Elevator Shaft of a Fluorite Mine
    ZHANG Zhiwei FAN Caibing ZHAN Jingzhen, MA Shuxin CHEN Xu LI Haibin
    2026, 42(09):  70-76. 
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    The construction of blind elevator shaft in deep fluorite mine often needs to cross complex strata such as kaolinization alteration zone，fault breccia zone and soft-hard interbedded strata，which is faced with the technical problems of high construction risk，low efficiency and difficult control of well quali⁃ ty. Based on the blind elevator shaft project at the elevation of 1 323~1 423 m in No. IV ore body of a typical hydrothermal filling fluorite mine，the construction technology of AT-3000 L high torque anti-well drilling rig was systematically studied，and the integrated technical route of“ine geological modeling-risk pre-iden⁃ tification-dynamic process control”was proposed. In the pilot hole stage，the return slag is collected every 2~3 m for rapid lithology identification，the formation model is corrected in real time，and the drilling pres⁃ sure，rotation speed and mud performance are dynamically adjusted. In the reaming stage，differentiated sta⁃ bility control modes such as“low drilling pressure，low rotation speed and large displacement”are imple⁃ mented for different unfavorable geological bodies. The engineering implementation results show that the de⁃ viation rate of the pilot hole is controlled at 0.38‰，and the deviation rate of the well after reaming is 0.45‰，which is far better than the design standard of 1.0‰. Zero safety accident in the whole construction process .The total construction period is 45 days，which is 65.38% shorter than that of the traditional drill⁃ ing and blasting method，and the construction efficiency is 2.88 times that of the drilling and blasting meth⁃ od. The maximum deviation of wellbore diameter is -35~+42 mm，which meets the design requirements of ±50 mm. The research results can provide a replicable technical path for the safe and efficient construction of deep shafts under complex geological conditions，and have important practical significance for promoting the mechanization and intelligent development of mine engineering.
    Simulation Analysis of Pillar Setting in the -10 m Mining Section of Kengshan Mining Area Based on 3DEC
    LIU Tanzhou ZHENG Yongsheng WU Zijun
    2026, 42(09):  77-82. 
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    The setting of mining site structural parameters has a significant impact on the safety and economic efficiency of mining operations. This study takes the typical mining section at the -10 m level of a certain fluorite mine as the research background，using 3DEC as the simulation tool，and focuses on the study of the reasonable size of the pillar support area. The stress of the support area under different numbers of pillars is analyzed，and the effectiveness of different pillar structures under the current mining conditions and their impact on the stability of the surrounding rock are evaluated. The simulation results show that in Scheme 2 (with 3 pillars)，the third principal stress (maximum 10.62 MPa，minimum -0.12 MPa) and the first principal stress (maximum 95.02 MPa，minimum 0.95 MPa) are in the middle range among the three schemes，indicating a relatively reasonable distribution of pressure and tension in this scheme. The stress concentration coefficients of the pillars in each scheme are 0.67，0.95，and 1.05. The stress concentration co⁃ efficients of the overlying rock layers in Scheme 1 and Scheme 2 are between 1.2 and 1.5，while Scheme 3 is as high as 2.4. Therefore，it can be concluded that both Scheme 1 and Scheme 2 have good structural stabili⁃ ty and show a lower risk level. However，Scheme 2 balances the stress concentration and the self-bearing ca⁃ pacity of the ore body，and provides a better balance in terms of construction speed and material usage. It is a better choice for stress management and structural stability of this mining section.
    Study on Arching and Water Injection Dredging Test of Ore Storage Section in Chute Based on Water Content and Powder Content
    QIN Yida LI Jiaoqun GAO Mengna YAN Bing LI Wukui
    2026, 42(09):  83-89，112. 
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    The blockage of the ore storage section of the mine chute seriously affects the normal pro⁃ duction of the mine. Improper water injection dredging can easily lead to greater safety accidents. It is of great significance to systematically carry out experimental research on chute blockage and water injection dredging by using physical similarity model. Taking water content and silt content as double control vari⁃ ables，the law of different factors on arching behavior was analyzed by two-factor cross-test design. Based on the empirical formula of unsaturated permeability coefficient and Darcy 's law，the calculation model of seepage velocity is constructed and the quantitative analysis of seepage law is carried out. At the same time， the relationship between water injection and different blockages was explored. The test results show that in terms of the arching law，the silt content is positively correlated with the arching probability of the bonded arch，and there will be no arching when the silt content is less than 14%. The water content and the probabil⁃ ity of arching increase first and then decrease，and the probability of arching reaches the maximum value when the water content is 4%~6%. In terms of seepage characteristics，the overall velocity of seepage is posi⁃ tively correlated with water content and negatively correlated with powder content. When the seepage veloci⁃ ty exceeds 6×10-3 m/s，the blockage begins to collapse gradually. In terms of water injection characteristics， the amount of water required to dredge the blockage is inversely proportional to the water content of the ore and proportional to the content of the powder ore ; for every 1 % increase in water content，the average de⁃crease of water injection is about 9.8 L/m3 . The average increase of water injection is about 4.28 L/m3 for ev⁃ ery 2% increase of silt content. The research results can provide theoretical reference for the blockage con⁃ trol and efficient operation of mine chute.
    Research on Prestress Loss Mechanism and Precise Prevention and Control Technology of Anchor Cable in Soft Rock Roadway
    MENG Jiabin GUO Lei WANG Zhanling YANG Jun WANG Xiaohui WANG Haolong GU Longquan MA Deyi
    2026, 42(09):  90-95,112. 
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    In view of the engineering problems of fast attenuation of anchor cable prestress and poor support stability in soft rock roadway，taking the shallow buried soft rock roadway in Hongshaliang Mine as the engineering background，the method of combining theoretical analysis with field industrial test is used to systematically carry out the research on the mechanism and prevention and control technology of anchor ca⁃ ble prestress loss. The results show that the prestress loss of anchor cable in soft rock roadway is affected by the coupling of multiple factors such as anchor cable material，tensioning equipment，construction technolo⁃ gy，surrounding rock creep and water environment change. The whole process can be divided into three stag⁃ es of rapid decline，steady decline and basically stable. Based on the loss mechanism，comprehensive pre⁃ vention and control measures such as replacing low-relaxation grouting anchor cables，calibrating tension⁃ ing tools，secondary compensation tensioning，and surrounding rock grouting reinforcement are proposed. The field test shows that the average loss rate of prestress of grouting anchor cable is reduced by 24.30% compared with that of ordinary anchor cable. The aging of the tensioning machine will increase the prestress loss rate by 32.37%. Regular calibration can effectively avoid the influence of equipment loss. The average prestress compensation rate of the secondary tensioning process of the anchor cable can reach 27.51%. The whole set of control measures can significantly inhibit the prestress loss of anchor cable in soft rock road⁃way，improve the coupling effect of surrounding rock support，and ensure the stability of surrounding rock of roadway. The research results can provide engineering reference for anchor cable support optimization and prestress loss prevention and control in similar soft rock mines.
    Study on Density Functional Theory of Anisotropic Water Adsorption on Bismuthinite Surface
    ZHONG Ruochong KUANG Jingzhong
    2026, 42(09):  96-105. 
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    In order to explore the surface wetting characteristics of bismuthinite，aiming at the prob⁃ lem that the theoretical research on the surface anisotropy of bismuthinite is still vacant，the adsorption be⁃ havior of single water molecule，monolayer water molecule and multi-layer water molecule on different crystal surfaces of bismuthinite is systematically studied from the atomic scale by using the simulation cal⁃ culation based on density functional theory，and the differences of different crystal surfaces are discussed by adsorption energy and density of states.The results show that the adsorption energy of a single water mol⁃ ecule adsorbed on the（100）and（120）surfaces of bismuthinite is -103.66 kJ/mol and -94.85 kJ/mol， respectively，which is a hydrophobic“surface”. The adsorption energy of a single water molecule on the （010）surface is 14.9 kJ/mol，which is a hydrophilic“edge”.The monolayer water molecules on the（010） surface are mainly hydrogen bonding and no obvious adsorption is formed. On the（100）and（120）surfac⁃ es，water molecules are adsorbed on the exposed Bi atoms，and interact in the form of hydrogen bonds at the exposed S sites.When multilayer water molecules are on the（010）surface，the hydrogen bonds be⁃ tween water molecules in the z direction weaken their interaction with the surface，while the average bond length of the adsorption bond on the（100）and（120）surfaces is shortened，indicating that the adsorption of multilayer water molecules on the hydrophilic surface is stronger.This study reveals the difference in hy⁃ drophilicity and hydrophobicity of different crystal planes of bismuthinite，which can provide a theoretical supplement for its efficient flotation recovery.
    Optimization of Preparation Process of a High Purity Magnetite Concentrate Based on Response Surface Method
    WAN He¹ HE Yi¹ ZHANG Yue² ZHANG Lei
    2026, 42(09):  106-112. 
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    In order to realize the high-purity preparation of fine-grained magnetite concentrate，aim⁃ ing at the problems of insufficient mineral dissociation，obvious agglomeration of fine particles，serious magnetic entrainment and difficult deep removal of gangue impurities in the high-purity process of fine�grained magnetite concentrate，the magnetic separation concentrate of molybdenum tailings in Shaanxi Province is taken as the research object，and the grinding-dispersion synergistic parameter optimization and multi-stage magnetic separation quality improvement process test are carried out.The response surface method is used to optimize the grinding-dispersion synergistic control parameters，and the effects of demag⁃ netization，desliming，grinding fineness and gradient magnetic separation times on the quality improvement of magnetic separation are systematically investigated.The action law of various process parameters and the optimal process conditions are obtained. The amount of PAA，dispersion time and grinding time have signifi⁃ cant effects on the iron grade and iron recovery of the concentrate，and there are obvious interactions be⁃ tween the parameters.Under the determined optimal process parameters of PAA dosage of 500 g/t，dispersion time of 3 min and grinding time of 3 min，the slurry dispersion state is stable，which can effectively inhibit the entrainment of gangue. The results of single process optimization test show that demagnetization treat⁃ment can weaken the magnetic agglomeration effect and increase the iron grade of concentrate from 70.0% to 70.8%.Desliming treatment can remove argillaceous impurities such as fine mica，quartz and iron-con⁃ taining silicate，and increase the iron grade of concentrate from 69.1% to 70.8%. When the grinding fineness is -23 μm95.0%，the concentrate product with iron grade of 70.80% and iron recovery of 91.49% can be ob⁃ tained.After adopting the three-stage gradient magnetic separation process of 39.79，35.81，31.83 kA/m， the highest iron grade of the concentrate can be increased to 71.6%. The response surface method can effec⁃ tively reveal the synergistic relationship between grinding-dispersion-magnetic separation parameters. The constructed demagnetization-grinding-PAA dispersion-desliming-three-stage gradient magnetic separa⁃ tion process can effectively realize the quality improvement of fine-grained magnetite concentrate，which can provide a reliable technical reference for the high-purity preparation of fine-grained magnetite.
    Tailings Classification and Utilization Test of an Iron Ore Concentrator
    WANG Ronglin CHANG Luping
    2026, 42(09):  113-118,124. 
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    In order to improve the utilization rate of fine tailings in an iron ore concentrator，a grad⁃ ing utilization test is carried out. Through laboratory research，the cyclone classification process is deter⁃ mined. By adjusting the number of cyclones and the diameter of the grit nozzle，grit products with different concentration and particle size composition are obtained.The test results show that the coarse-grained sand can be used for underground filling. Under the same cement-sand ratio and curing conditions，the strength of the filling body is much higher than that of the full tailings filling body.The modified fine-grained over⁃ flow products can be used as admixtures for the preparation of C30，C50 concrete，M5-M2 dry powder mortar and high-performance cement-based grouting materials. The efficient comprehensive utilization of the tailings is realized，which provides a useful reference for tailless mining at home and abroad.
    Biological Pre-oxidation Gold Leaching Process Test of an Arsenic-containing Gold Concentrate
    ZOU Yiren YU Baoqiang MA Shuai
    2026, 42(09):  119-124. 
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    In order to realize the efficient recovery of gold resources in arsenic-containing gold con⁃ centrate，aiming at the problem that gold minerals in arsenic-containing gold concentrate are wrapped and the efficiency of direct cyanide leaching of gold is low，the process optimization and leaching kinetics char⁃ acteristics of biological pre-oxidation treatment-cyanide leaching of gold are studied.By adjusting the key parameters of pre-oxidation such as grinding fineness，pulp concentration，dissolved oxygen and medium dosage，the encapsulation barrier of arsenic and sulfur minerals to gold particles is broken. The effects of calcium oxide and sodium cyanide dosage，pulp concentration and leaching time on gold leaching are sys⁃ tematically investigated. The strengthening mechanism of gold extraction is revealed by scanning electron microscopy and kinetic fitting analysis.The results show that under the optimal biological pre-oxidation con⁃ ditions，the oxidation rates of arsenic and sulfur in gold concentrate can reach 82.95% and 81.34% respec⁃ tively. Under the appropriate leaching parameters，the average gold leaching rate of the corresponding pre�oxidized slag can reach 92.03%，which is greatly improved compared with the raw oredirect leaching gold leaching rate of 32.45%. Scanning micro-morphology analysis confirms that biological pre-oxidation can generate a large number of pores and cracks on the mineral surface，effectively improving the gold leaching reaction conditions.The results of kinetic fitting show that the leaching process of gold concentrate is con⁃ trolled by both chemical reaction and internal diffusion，which accords with the characteristics of mixed con⁃ trol model. The research results can provide technical support for the efficient development and utilization of arsenic-containing refractory gold concentrate.
    Study on Flotation Process Optimization of a Complex Copper-cobalt Sulfide Ore in Congo（DRC）
    ZHOU Feng SHEN Louyan YU Xun DENG Chunhu WANG Ligang,
    2026, 42(09):  125-129，181. 
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    In order to fully recover the copper and cobalt resources in a copper-cobalt sulfide ore in Congo（DRC），in view of the fact that the proportion of magnesite in the ore is 46.62%，the total proportion of layered silicate minerals such as talc and chlorite is 13.90%，and it is easy to slime，which leads to the problems of large middle ore circulation，serious loss of fine-grained lean intergrowth and poor flotation in⁃ dex in the conventional one-roughing three-scavenging three-cleaning process，based on the conventional process（Scheme 1），the combined regrinding and re-concentration process of middle ore（Scheme 2）is proposed，and the flotation test is carried out.In scheme 2，the full dissociation of fine-grained poor inter⁃ growth is realized by the combination and regrinding of middle ore，and CMC is used to inhibit layered sili⁃ cate minerals，which effectively reduces the adverse effects of gangue such as talc and chlorite.The results of the whole process closed-circuit test show that under the condition of 1.92% Cu and 0.97% Co in the raw ore，the copper-cobalt sulfide concentrate with Cu grade of 21.94% and Co grade of 10.99% is produced in the scheme，and the recovery rates of Cu and Co are 93.27% and 90.42%，respectively.The indexes are sig⁃ nificantly better than that of scheme 1，and the efficient recovery of high carbonate type copper cobalt sul⁃ fide ore resources is realized，and the economic benefit is remarkable.
    Transformation of Beneficiation Combined Process of a Carlin-type Gold Mine in Guizhou
    WANG Chao
    2026, 42(09):  130-134，176. 
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    The gold minerals of a Carlin-type fine-grained disseminated gold deposit in Guizhou oc⁃ cur in sulfide minerals in microscopic-submicroscopic form，and it is difficult to grind and dissociate.In or⁃ der to solve the problems of low gold recovery rate，large circulation load of middlings and high reagent consumption in conventional process，through the whole process investigation，process mineralogy re⁃ search and laboratory test，the combined process transformation scheme of middlings regrinding and recon⁃ centration + step grinding and step separation is put forward，and the industrial test is carried out in two stages.The transformation results show that the gold flotation recovery rate is increased by 3.54 percentage points，the gold concentrate grade is stabilized at about 10 g/t，and the gold grade of tailings is reduced to less than 0.5 g/t.The grinding and classification efficiency is improved，and reagent and the unit consump⁃ tion of energy consumption is significantly reduced. The annual new economic benefit is 20.8359 million yuan，and the static payback period of technical transformation investment is only 0.5 months. This process solves the industry problems of insufficient dissociation and poor early harvest effect of Carlin-type fine�grained gold，which can provide engineering practice reference for the upgrading of similar gold ore dress⁃ ing process.
    Bioleaching Test of a Copper-containing Waste Rock in Xizang
    LIU Jianwei PANG Junwu ZHOU Yongcheng FU Haize ZHANG Jianxing FAN Haiyang
    2026, 42(09):  135-139，187. 
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    In order to realize the resource utilization of a copper-containing waste rock in Xizang and simultaneously treat the acid wastewater in the mining area，the mineralogical characteristics of the waste rock are clarified through process mineralogy analysis. The optimum process parameters of bioleach⁃ ing are optimized by strain domestication and single factor test. At the same time，the phase analysis of the leaching residue is carried out to explore the reasons for the leaching residue of valuable metals.The test re⁃ sults show that the copper grade of the copper-containing waste rock is 0.18%，the zinc grade is 0.22%， the main copper-containing minerals are bornite（0.16%）and chalcocite（0.04%），and the calcite con⁃ tent in the gangue mineral reaches 17.47%，resulting in an acid consumption of up to 426 kg/t. After two rounds of domestication with ore，special high-efficiency leaching bacteria JC（thermophilic bacteria） and MXG（moderately thermophilic bacteria）are screened out.The optimum technological parameters of bioleaching are as follows: initial pH=2.00，JC thermophilic bacteria（30 ℃），inoculation amount 10%， pulp concentration 5%，grinding fineness - 0.038 mm 86.32%，leaching time 40 d. Under these condi⁃ tions，the copper leaching rate is 92.84% and the zinc leaching rate is 81.76%.The copper in the leaching residue mainly remains in the primary copper sulfide phase，and the zinc is mainly leached incompletely due to the dissemination characteristics of sphalerite and silicate encapsulation，which provides technical support for the resource utilization of the copper-containing waste rock and the comprehensive treatment of acid wastewater in the mining area.
    Study on Ultra-fine Crushing Pre-concentration by High Pressure Roller Mill and Energy Consumption of Tower Mill of Mixed Iron Ore in Meishan
    ZHANG Zugang GAN Maowu LI Chen QIAN Xinyu ZHANG Dengfeng XU Jilong
    2026, 42(09):  140-144，154. 
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    In order to achieve“more crushing and less grinding”and reduce the energy consump⁃ tion of beneficiation crushing and grinding, the -2 mm and -1 mm products under the ultra-fine crushing undersize of high-pressure roller mill in Meishan Iron Mine are taken as the objects, and the wet magnetic separation tests with different magnetic field strengths are carried out. The high-pressure roller mill + tow⁃ er mill process and the high-pressure roller mill + wet magnetic separation pre-concentration + tower mill process are used to carry out the comparison test of unit power consumption of tower mill.The test results show that according to the unit energy consumption of the products under the sieve, the products of -2 mm and -1 mm are ground directly into the tower mill to -0.074 mm content 65%, 70% and 75% respectively, which are 1.39~1.75 (kW·h)/t and 0.34~0.76 (kW·h)/t higher than the wet high-intensity magnetic separa⁃ tion of -2 mm and -1 mm products and then into the tower mill to the same fineness.The high-pressure roll⁃ er mill + tower mill process is adopted. The crushing and grinding unit total energy consumption of -2 mm product is 1.0~1.09 (kW·h)/t higher than that of -1 mm product tower grinding -0.074 mm content of 65%, 70% and 75% at the same fineness.The process of high pressure roller mill + wet magnetic separation pre�selection + tower mill is adopted. The crushing and grinding process is calculated according to the products under the sieve. The total energy consumption per unit of -2 mm products and -1 mm products is similar when they are ground to the same fineness, and the difference between the two is only 0.02~0.1 (kW·h)/t. Taking into account the life of the roller surface of the high-pressure roller mill and the energy consump⁃tion of crushing and grinding, the particle size distribution limit of the high-pressure roller mill and the tow⁃ er mill should be 1~2 mm.
    Process Design and Equipment Selection of Coarse Concentrate Reselection in Building Materials Production Line of Shuichang Iron Mine
    QIN Fuqiang YUE Liwei LI Pengfei
    2026, 42(09):  145-149. 
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    In order to improve the transfer efficiency of coarse concentrate and reduce the influence of transfer on the subsequent grinding and separation process of the concentrator，aiming at the problems of cumbersome existing disposal process of coarse concentrate，low efficiency of ore truck transportation，large energy consumption and high cost，the process design and equipment selection of coarse concentrate re-con⁃ centration are carried out in the building materials production line of Shuichang Iron Mine.In this design， the old MQY2736 overflow ball mill is used to carry out open-circuit grinding of crude concentrate，and then the QGLB 300/3.0 water diaphragm pump is used to transport the pulp to the old plant for grinding and separation. The disposal efficiency of crude concentrate is significantly improved，the operation cost is effec⁃ tively reduced，and the comprehensive economic benefits of the building materials production line of Shu⁃ ichang Iron Mineand the concentrator are improved.
    Study on Rheology and Pipeline Transportation Resistance of Ultra-fine Tailings Filling Slurry
    GUO Yanzhong
    2026, 42(09):  150-154. 
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    In order to find out the influencing factors of pipeline transportation resistance of ultra�fine tailings filling slurry in a Carlin-type gold mine and solve the problem of slurry pipeline transporta⁃ tion，the orthogonal test of full tailings + waste rock + cement filling ratio is carried out. The yield stress and viscosity of filling slurry are tested. The pipeline transportation resistance under different slurry flow rates and pipeline inner diameters is studied，and the specifications of filling pipeline are optimized.The re⁃ sults show that the concentration of tailings slurry is positively correlated with the yield stress of filling slur⁃ ry，and the viscosity increases with the increase of concentration. The pipeline resistance increases with the increase of slurry flow rate and decreases with the increase of pipeline inner diameter.According to the variation law of pipeline resistance with the inner diameter of the pipeline and flow rate，it is concluded that when the high concentration filling slurry is transported，the most reasonable filling pipe specification is ϕ125 mm. It reveals the relationship between the rheological behavior of ultra-fine tailings high concen⁃ tration filling slurry in Carlin-type gold mine and the pipeline transportation resistance，which can provide a theoretical basis for the safe transportation of slurry and equipment selection.
    Expanded Continuous Test on Preparation of Ultra-pure Iron Concentrate from a High-grade Iron Concentrate in Xinjiang
    FU Yun WANG Huqiang LI Liang LIN Xiaofeng
    2026, 42(09):  155-158，205. 
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    In order to verify the stability of the small-scale test process of an ultra-pure iron con⁃ centrate and the rationality of the technical indicators，an expanded continuous test is carried out for the high-grade iron concentrate.The test results show that under the optimum test conditions of grinding fine⁃ ness of -0.038 mm 95%，magnetic field strength of one roughing and one cleaning of low intensity mag⁃ netic separation of 126 kA/m and 80 kA/m respectively，water rising of 1.0 m3 /h of elutriation magnetic separation，dosage of reverse flotation roughing adjusting agent Na2CO3 and collector MK618 of 253 g/t and 54 g/t respectively，dosage of cleaning collector MK618 of 18 g/t，the process of grinding-one rough⁃ ing one cleaning low intensity magnetic separation-elutriation-reverse flotation is used in the expanded continuous separation test，and the ultra-pure iron concentrate with yield of 37.31%，total iron grade of 71.54% and SiO2 content of 0.129% is obtained.The technical indexes of the continuous separation test are basically the same as those of the laboratory test. The operation of the continuous separation process is sta⁃ ble，which can provide reliable technical support for the subsequent design of the industrial production line of the ultra-pure iron concentrate.
    Research on Surrounding Rock Mechanics of Mining Roadway in Soft Coal Seam with Large Dip Angle and Large Mining Height in a Coal Mine in Guizhou
    SUN Guangyu ZHOU Taotao YANG Qicong DU Guangsheng AO Yizhang
    2026, 42(09):  159-164. 
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    In order to effectively improve the situation of frequent roof accidents in coal mines in Gui⁃ zhou Province，the 7# coal seam and 11074 working face of Panzhihua Coal Mine in Liupanshui，Guizhou Province were taken as the research object to study the surrounding rock stress of mining roadway. The exper⁃ imental study on the mechanical parameters of the roof of 7# coal seam was carried out. It was found that the uniaxial compressive strength，elastic limit，yield strength，strength limit and uniaxial tensile strength of the roof rock specimen after soaking saturation were 19.51%，29.52%，63.38%，39.77% and 20% lower than those after natural drying. In terms of shear strength，the failure load of the same specimen will de⁃ crease when the shear angle increases，and the cohesion of the specimen will decrease and the internal fric⁃ tion angle will increase after soaking at the same shear angle. The numerical simulation of stress distribution law of floor rock mass in 11074 working face of Panzhihua Coal Mine in Liupanshui，Guizhou Province was carried out by FLAC3D . The results showed that when one side of coal pillar was mined out，with the increase of vertical distance，the peak stress gradually shifted to the rear away from the center of coal pillar，the change rate of vertical stress was low，and the peak value of vertical stress tended to be stable. When the coal pillar is mined out on both sides，with the increase of the vertical distance from the coal pillar，the peak stress gradually shifts to the front position away from the center of the coal pillar，and the peak stress gradu⁃ ally tends to be stable and increases slightly. When the coal pillar is mined on both sides and the width of the coal pillar is twice the width of the original coal pillar，with the increase of the vertical distance from the coal pillar，the stress change of the lower rock stratum gradually tends to be stable，and the influence of the coal pillar on the stress distribution of the floor is further reduced.
    Numerical Simulation and Microseismic Monitoring Verification of Fracture Characteristics of Thick Topsoil and Thin Bedrock Overburden Rock in Deep Mine
    KONG Zhen YUAN Tengfei YUAN Peixuan ZHANG Hangrui SHEN Zhenqiang
    2026, 42(09):  165-170. 
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    In view of the engineering problem that the mining of thick topsoil and thin bedrock strata in deep mines is prone to regional severe mine pressure behavior，the 7303 working face of Zhaolou Coal Mine is taken as the research object，and the numerical simulation and KJ551 microseismic field monitor⁃ ing methods are comprehensively used to systematically analyze the stage-by-stage fracture evolution law and mining vertical stress response characteristics of the overburden during the whole mining process of the working face. The numerical model reproduces the whole process of bending separation and caving of imme⁃ diate roof and multi-layer key strata under different advancing distances. The simulation results show that the immediate roof first breaks when the working face advances 20 m，which is basically consistent with the field measured 18 m caving step distance. The periodic weighting step distance of the basic roof is about 20 m，and the maximum vertical stress of the coal wall on both sides of the goaf can reach 37.5 MPa. The on-site microseismic monitoring shows that the maximum development of overburden fracture is 140 m above the coal seam，and the 114 m thick bearing bedrock is completely penetrated. The upper thick top⁃ soil load is transmitted to the front coal body and roadway through the broken bedrock，forming the overall overburden disturbance of 7301 and 7303 composite stopes. The microseismic intensive area and high stress area are highly consistent with the location of on-site mine pressure，which verifies the linkage mechanism of stress-driven overburden rock fracture and mine pressure disaster. The numerical simulation and field monitoring results confirm each other，which proves that the model can accurately restore the whole process of overburden rock migration and stress redistribution in thin bedrock strata. The research re⁃ sults can provide theoretical reference for deep safe mining of mines with similar occurrence conditions. At the same time，KJ551 microseismic monitoring system has shortcomings in noise reduction ability in deep high ground stress environment. In the future，it is necessary to develop intelligent noise reduction algo⁃ rithm and well-ground collaborative monitoring scheme to improve early warning accuracy.
    Research and Application on Phreatic Line Control Measures of a Closed Tailings Pond
    YANG Qiangsheng, MAO Zhiyuan, DUAN Weiping, OU Mingjiang,
    2026, 42(09):  171-176. 
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    The closed tailings pond，due to long-term stagnation and lack of maintenance，often faces the severe challenge of abnormal uplift of the phreatic line，which seriously threatens the stability of the pond body and the safety of the downstream area. This study focuses on a closed valley-type tailings pond that has been in operation for over 20 a. It addresses the engineering hazard of the main pond's phreatic line depth being only 0.9~1.25 m and the emergence of escape points on the slope. It thoroughly analyzes the causes and clearly points out that the absence of the initial pond's anti-filter system，the aging and blockage of the drainage facilities，and the lateral over-flow recharge from the two banks of the mountain are the three main controlling factors leading to the deep stagnant water. In response to the problem that conventional shal⁃ low drainage is difficult to penetrate the blocked area，the radiation well technology is adopted to construct a deep 3D active drainage network. Based on the in-situ monitoring data over the past 1 a and the numerical simulation results of Geo-Studio，the comprehensive assessment indicates that after the implementation of the radiation wells，the phreatic line of the main pond has been effectively reduced，the depth has been steadily increased to 3.40~3.82 m，completely eliminating the leakage hazard，and the spatial distribution of the seepage field has become more reasonable. Under the mechanical mechanism of the decline of the phreatic line and the recovery of the effective stress of the soil，the anti-sliding stability safety factor of the pond body has increased from the current 1.155 to 1.404，an increase of 22.1%，meeting the specification requirements and having a certain safety reserve. The research results have confirmed the effectiveness of the radiation well technology in solving the problem of deep stagnant water in closed tailings ponds，and can provide scientific basis and engineering reference for the seepage control and treatment of similar tailings ponds.
    A Tailings Dam-Flood Drainage System Collaborative Change and Its Safety Review
    ZHOU Xuanyang LI Lei ZHANG Zhonghua, ZHOU Wenxiang
    2026, 42(09):  177-181. 
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    In view of the safety risks such as the failure of flood discharge facilities and the instability of dam body，it is of great significance to check the flood control capacity of flood discharge system and cal⁃ culate the stability of dam body to ensure the safe operation of tailings reservoir. Taking a Fifth-class tailings reservoir in southern China as an engineering example，aiming at the existing problems of limited storage ca⁃ pacity and steep slope ratio of the reservoir，combined with on-site reconnaissance，survey data and similar engineering experience，the study on the change of auxiliary dam body and existing flood discharge system is carried out，and the reconstruction scheme of clearing and filling of auxiliary dam，new construction of in⁃ clined channel-turning-well-pipe flood discharge system and dismantling and plugging of old flood dis⁃ charge system is put forward. The Lizheng software is used to calculate the anti-sliding stability of the auxil⁃ iary dam，and the water balance method is used to check the 100-year return period flood regulation calcula⁃ tion of the new flood discharge system. The results show that the safety factors of anti-sliding stability under normal operation and flood operation conditions of the changed auxiliary dam are 1.84 and 1.79 respective⁃ ly，which are higher than the minimum safety factor limit of the specification. After 100 years of flood regula⁃tion calculation，the highest flood level in the reservoir area is 44.96 m，and the minimum safety supereleva⁃ tion is 0.84 m. The flood control capacity of the new inclined channel-flow well-culvert pipe drainage sys⁃ tem meets the flood fortification requirements of the Fifth-class reservoir. The transformation scheme can ef⁃ fectively improve the safety conditions of tailings reservoir operation，and can provide reference for similar tailings reservoir hidden danger control and safety improvement projects.
    Geological Characteristics and Prospecting Criteria of Naruo Porphyry Copper ( Gold ) Deposit in Duolong Ore Concentration Area
    MA Dinghua YU Can WANG Dewen
    2026, 42(09):  182-187. 
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    The Naruo large copper（gold）deposit is an important porphyry deposit in the northern part of the Duolong ore concentration area in Xizang. It is located in the north of the western section of the Bangong Lake-Nujiang suture zone. The regional tectonic evolution is complex and the metallogenic condi⁃ tions are superior. However，the fine metallogenic regularity and genetic mechanism of the deposit still need to be systematically determined. In this paper，the deposit is taken as the research object，and the geological characteristics，ore-controlling factors and metallogenic regularity of the deposit are systemati⁃ cally studied through field geological survey，fine anatomy of ore body and ore characteristics and indoor comprehensive analysis. The results show that the deposit was formed in the continental margin arc tectonic environment of the northward subduction of the Neo-Tethys Ocean. The diagenesis and mineralization were controlled by the early Cretaceous intermediate-acid magmatic activity，and the main metallogenic age was about 120 Ma. The ore-bearing rock mass is a multi-stage emplacement of hypabyssal-ultra hypabyssal granodiorite porphyry. The ore body occurs in the porphyry body and the altered sandstone in the outer con⁃ tact zone. The main ore body is vertical tubular，the middle is thick and rich，and the edge is thin and de⁃pleted. The mineralization is strictly controlled by the fracture structure inside and outside the rock mass， and the metal minerals are mainly chalcopyrite and pyrite. From the center of the rock mass to the outside， the potassium zone，phyllic zone，propylitic zone and hornfels zone are developed in turn，which has the characteristics of typical porphyry deposit ring alteration，and is a porphyry-epithermal low-temperature hydrothermal composite deposit. The distribution of ore bodies in the mining area is controlled by the com⁃ bination of structure，magma and alteration. The NE-trending fault is the main ore-controlling structure， and the ring alteration，surface mineralization，and geophysical and geochemical anomalies are typical prospecting indicators. The ore body in the eastern part of the mining area is dislocated by NW-trending faults，and the concealed ore body in the hanging wall has good prospecting potential. The research system clarifies the metallogenic regularity and prospecting criteria of the deposit，which can provide theoretical reference for the follow-up exploration of the mining area and the prospecting work of similar deposits in the region.
    Metallogenic Geological Characteristics and Prospecting Prospect of Damushanxia Antimony Deposit in Tongshan County，Hubei Province
    WU Jinhao YIN Jin ZHANG Zuquan LI Jin DU Sheng ZHAO Ziliang
    2026, 42(09):  188-194. 
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    The Damushanxia antimony deposit is a newly discovered antimony deposit in Tongshan County，Hubei Province. The ore-bearing lithology is silicified cataclastic rock，cataclastic thin-layer do⁃ lomite，silicified cataclastic limestone dolomite，silicified cataclastic dolomite，accompanied by silicifica⁃ tion，calcite and barite. The antimony-bearing minerals are mainly stibnite. Previous studies have not been carried out on its metallogenic geological characteristics，ore-forming material sources，ore genesis and prospecting prospects. Field geological survey，stibnite S isotope，barite S isotope test and stibnite fluid in⁃ clusion temperature measurement are comprehensively used . The results show that the average value of δ34S of two stibnite samples in the ore is +12.5‰，and it is considered that the sulfur in area is mainly de⁃ rived from sedimentary sulfur. The δ34S isotope value of one barite in the ore is +26.0‰，indicating that the sulfur in the area is derived from seawater biodeposition or marine evaporite. The detonation temperatures of two stibnite samples are 211 ℃ and 218 ℃，respectively，which belong to the category of medium and low temperature. It is considered that the ore-forming materials of the deposit are mainly derived from the surrounding rock strata，and the nearly east-west F1 fault is the ore-conducting and ore-hosting structure in area. It is pointed out that the genetic type of antimony deposits in area belongs to sedimentary-trans⁃ formed antimony deposits. Through the formulation of ore-controlling factors and prospecting indicators，it is pointed out that the east of Wangchenya Reservoir，the west of Damushanxia and the deep part of known ore bodies are favorable areas for subsequent prospecting，and it is suggested to carry out further explora⁃ tion work.
    Research on Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of Weathering Residual Kaolin Deposits in Liji Area of Shangcheng，Southern Henan Province
    YU Chaofan, LUO Shuai, LIU Wei, GU Chao YU Cui,
    2026, 42(09):  195-199. 
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    In order to clarify the geological characteristics，mineral properties and formation mecha⁃ nism of Liji kaolin deposit of Shangcheng in Henan Province，and to provide a theoretical basis for regional similar mineral exploration，this study adopted methods such as full-hole systematic sampling of boreholes， X-ray diffraction analysis，automatic mineral analysis and geochemical profile measurement to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the mineral body morphology，mineral composition，element migration patterns and formation conditions. The results show that the mineral body is located in the weathered crust of the Ear⁃ ly Cretaceous porphyritic rock and is produced in a layered manner，with an average thickness of 15.28 m; the ore type is sandy kaolin，with quartz and kaolinite as the main minerals，and the average Al₂O₃ content is 14.53%; the vertical direction can be divided into three geochemical zones of a strong weathering leaching zone，a secondary enrichment zone and a weak weathering zone. The study believes that this deposit belongs to the weathering residual subtype，and its formation has undergone two stages of pre-formation of endoge⁃ nous hydrothermal alteration and subsequent weathering leaching enrichment. It is controlled by multiple factors such as rock composition，structural fractures and warm and humid climate. This discovery enriches the types of kaolin deposits in Henan Province，indicating that the volcanic rock area at the northern foot of the Tongbai-Dabie orogenic belt in the late Mesozoic has considerable exploration potential，and can pro⁃ vide backup resources for the ceramic and building materials industries.
    Research on Anti-backdraft Ore Device and Control Technology of Core Components of Super Large Flotation Machine in Metallurgical Mine
    ZHOU Jinhua
    2026, 42(09):  200-205. 
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    In order to improve the long-term stable operation ability of the reverse flotation system in Yuanjiacun Iron Mine of Lanxian Mining Co.，Ltd.，Taiyuan Iron and Steel (Group)，in view of the 160 m3 Dorr ultra-large inflatable flotation machine，when the air supply is interrupted or the air pressure is insuf⁃ ficient，the negative pressure effect of the hollow shaft causes the slurry to be counter-suctioned into the bearing chamber，which in turn causes problems such as bearing burning loss，low equipment operation rate and substandard metal recovery rate，the comprehensive control technology of anti-backdraft ore with the synergistic effect of mechanical isolation and intelligent interlocking is studied. The research results show that the physical real-time isolation of pulp reverse flow is realized by adding air pressure driven rub⁃ ber check valve inside the hollow shaft of flotation machine，and the intelligent interlocking control system of air volume is constructed based on Siemens PLC，which realizes the self-diagnosis of air pressure and in⁃ terlocking protection during the full start-stop and operation of the equipment.After the industrial applica⁃ tion，the equipment failure caused by slurry reverse attraction is completely eliminated，the operation rate of flotation machine is increased from 78.8% to more than 95.0%，the total consumption of spare parts is significantly reduced，the recovery rate of hematite metal is increased from 74.70% to more than 80.0%， and the grade of tailings is reduced to less than 19.5%.This technology provides a key technical support for the stable operation of the ultra-large flotation machine in the micro-fine hematite magnetite mixed refrac⁃ tory anionic reverse flotation process，and has a wide range of application value.
    Design and Application of Flotation Machine Slurry Phase Bubble Characteristic Detector Based on Binocular Vision
    LIU Huachun SU Yong, LI Qiang, ZHAO Yuhua,
    2026, 42(09):  206-211. 
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    In the flotation process，the traditional monocular two-dimensional visual detection ignores the bubble depth motion component，which has the problems of velocity measurement distortion，poor adapt⁃ ability of complex pulp conditions，and low segmentation accuracy of adhesive bubbles. In order to realize the quantitative detection of full-dimensional parameters of primary bubbles in pulp phase，a three-dimen⁃ sional characteristic detector of pulp phase bubbles in flotation machine based on binocular vision was devel⁃ oped. By customizing the large depth of field binocular high-speed imaging hardware system adapted to the harsh working conditions of the slurry，the joint image preprocessing process of NLM non-local mean de⁃ noising + CLAHE contrast enhancement was constructed. The YOLO11m-seg lightweight instance segmen⁃ tation model was used to realize the pixel-level recognition of dense adhesion bubbles. Combining BoT�SORT multi-target cross-frame tracking and mask-constrained SIFT binocular stereo matching algorithm，a three-dimensional positioning and velocity vector solving model of bubbles was established，and the regula⁃tion law of working conditions was analyzed in combination with flotation multiphase flow hydrodynamics. The results show that the bubble segmentation accuracy of the fusion algorithm is 95.7%，and the false de⁃ tection rate is only 2.9%，which is much higher than that of the traditional watershed and Canny algorithm. The average relative error of binocular three-dimensional velocity measurement is 12.7%，which is much higher than that of monocular optical flow method. The industrial test shows that the impeller speed is the dominant control parameter of bubble motion，and the aeration amount only plays an auxiliary fine-tuning role. The effective bubble diameter of flotation is concentrated in 3~8 mm，and the roundness of large bub⁃ bles with a diameter of 12 mm is reduced to 0.67. The bubble size and shape are strongly related to the sepa⁃ ration index. The detector can completely output full-dimensional dynamic and static parameters such as three-dimensional velocity vector，particle size distribution and roundness of bubbles，and provide reliable three-dimensional data support for flotation kinetic mechanism research，fine adjustment of process parame⁃ ters and development of flotation intelligent control system.
    Application of Hydrocyclone in Lithium Mica Desliming Process
    LI Yongfeng HUANG Yonghao WANG Shuo CHU Fudong ZHENG Jimin
    2026, 42(09):  212-215，223. 
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    In order to realize the efficient desliming of lepidolite ore before flotation，improve the flo⁃ tation index of lepidolite and the overall economic benefits of the beneficiation process，the application of hydrocyclone in the desliming process of lepidoliteis systematically studied in view of the high slime con⁃ tent in lepidolite ore，the poor suitability of desliming process before flotation，and the difficulty in balanc⁃ ing desliming efficiency and useful mineral recovery.The technical characteristics and application scenarios of three mainstream processes of single-stage cyclone desliming，two-stage overflow series desliming and two-stage grit series desliming are analyzed. The desliming performance test and industrial application veri⁃ fication of cyclones with different specifications are completed.The core desliming indexes under different process modes are obtained. The single-stage FX250 and FX150 cyclones have the highest desliming rate of -71.12% for -0.038 mm grain size，the two-stage overflow series desliming process has the highest des⁃ liming rate of 94.37%，and the two-stage desliming series process has the highest desliming rate of 84.36% for -0.038 mm grain size. The hydrocyclone can accurately adapt to the desliming requirements of different types of lepidolite ore. By optimizing the desliming process and matching the cyclone specifica⁃ tions，the desliming efficiency and the recovery rate of useful minerals can be taken into account to maxi⁃ mize the economic benefits of the lepidolite beneficiation process.
    Blasting Safety Evaluation of Open-pit Mine Based on Improved Interval Approximation Analysis Method
    DU Zhonglong
    2026, 42(09):  216-223. 
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    In order to scientifically analyze the safety of blasting operation in open-pit mines and im⁃ prove the reliability of evaluation results. From three aspects of blasting design，blasting construction and safety management，fifteen evaluation indexes were selected to construct the blasting safety evaluation in⁃ dex system of open-pit mine. The subjective weight of the index is obtained by the interval analytic hierar⁃ chy process，and the objective weight of the index is obtained by the interval entropy weight method. The minimum information entropy is used to combine the subjective weight and the objective weight to scientifi⁃ cally determine the weight of the evaluation index. Fully considering the actual fluctuation of the numerical interval of the evaluation index，the improved interval approximation model which conforms to the fluctua⁃ tion characteristics of the index interval is used to comprehensively analyze and evaluate the blasting safety of the open-pit mine，determine the overall blasting safety state of the open-pit mine，and analyze the safety state of the evaluation index. The model is used to analyze and evaluate the blasting safety of three open-pit mines. The blasting safety grades of three open-pit mines are Grade III，Grade IV and Grade III， respectively. The improvement measures are proposed for the more dangerous indexes of blasting safety in each open-pit mine，which effectively ensures the blasting safety of open-pit mines. Practice has proved that the improved interval approximation analysis is scientific and applicable in the evaluation of blasting safety in open-pit mines，which can provide targeted reference and guidance for the efficient improvement of blasting safety in open-pit mines.
    Research on Green Transformation Classification and Technical Configuration of Open-pit Building Materials Mines in Anhui Province
    XIANG Cheng¹ SHU Yunlong, WU Xiangdong,
    2026, 42(09):  224-229，244. 
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    The research on green transformation classification and technical configuration of open-pit building materials mines is carried out in view of the problems that the evaluation results of green mines are difficult to be directly transformed into transformation projects，the convergence of technical configuration of different construction foundation mines and the unclear priority of construction investment.Based on the data of non-coal mine development and utilization and green mine construction in Anhui Province in 2024，16 indicators are set up from four dimensions: resource development，environmental control，ecological restora⁃ tion and intelligent control. The fixed target normalization and equal weight scoring method are used to con⁃ struct a three-level discriminant method combining bottom line constraints，comprehensive scoring and short board identification，and three transformation levels of basic remediation level，collaborative upgrad⁃ ing and demonstration leading level are divided. Taking a large cement limestone open-pit mine in Fan⁃ chang District as an example，the application example is verified.The results show that the comprehensive score of the mine is 81.94 points，the bottom line constraint index is 78 points，and the intelligent control di⁃ mension score is the lowest，which is 72 points，which is judged as collaborative upgrading.According to this，the digital closed-loop，mining and stripping repair coordination and road dust dynamic control tech⁃ nology package are configured，and the comprehensive score of target measurement is 86.75 points. This method can transform the requirements of green mine construction into identifiable transformation levels，ex⁃ ecutable engineering units and iterative upgrading paths，which can provide reference for the sequencing of green transformation projects of open-pit building materials mines in Anhui Province and technical scheme compilation.
    Research on Detection‑Grouting Collaborative Technology for Auxiliary Shaft Passing Through Multi‑layer Confined Aquifers in an Iron Mine
    YU Hui SHI Yunfeng JIANG Zhifu ZHOU Hongbo SHEN Shitong
    2026, 42(09):  230-235. 
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    In view of the outstanding safety risks such as water inrush，well flooding and surrounding rock instability during the construction of the vertical shaft crossing the multi-layer confined aquifer，based on the auxiliary shaft of an iron mine，the theoretical analysis and engineering practice are combined. Based on the coupling theory of hydrodynamics and grouting dynamics，the theoretical framework of "pre⁃ cise identification of geophysical prospecting-high pressure grouting plugging of working face-grouting fill⁃ ing behind wal" is constructed，and the technical connection logic and synergistic mechanism of each pro⁃ cess stage are clarified. The transient electromagnetic method combined with the whole space and whole ar⁃ ea apparent resistivity inversion algorithm is used to realize the spatial positioning of multi-layer confined aquifer and high-risk water inrush channel. The comprehensive coincidence degree between geophysical low resistance anomaly and drilling water outlet point is 91.7%. On this basis，the pre-grouting of multi�stage working face is carried out by using the matching technology of filter layer-slurry stopping pad and the dynamic control technology of grouting parameters，and the secondary reinforcement of micro-cracks in shaft wall is completed by grouting behind the wall. The engineering practice results show that 78.27 m3 /h maximum single hole water inflow of the working face is effectively controlled，and the water inflow of the working face is stable below 4 m3 / h after the completion of each grouting section. After the treatment of grouting behind wall，the amount of water leaching from the wall is reduced from the maximum 6.13 m3 less than 1.5 m3 /h. The technical system realizes the fine treatment of the main water inrush channel plug⁃ ging and the micro-fracture leakage of the borehole wall，and forms a double-layer protective structure of "main channel plugging+micro-fracture filling" which can provide technical reference for the safe and effi⁃ cient construction of deep shafts under complex hydrogeological conditions.
    Research and Application of Comprehensive Detection Technology for Concealed Disaster-causing Factors in Gently Inclined Phosphate Mines
    WANG Dehua YIN Ligang LIN Kunfeng YANG Xingyou SUN Feng HU Haochuan LIU Shuaijun
    2026, 42(09):  236-244. 
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    Concealed disaster-causing factors are the main hazards threatening the safe mining of gently inclined phosphate mines，and they are prone to trigger major disasters such as collapse of the mined-out areas and water inrush. To achieve efficient and precise detection of concealed disaster-causing factors such as the mined-out areas and hydrogeology of Baizhu Phosphate Mine，this study based on the systematic analysis of the geological conditions and potential risks of the mining area，comprehensively uti⁃ lized various geophysical detection technologies. According to the terrain and geological conditions of the mining area，multiple methods were used for combined detection and mutual verification，with a focus on using the ground transient electromagnetic method to delineate low-resistance anomaly areas，detecting wa⁃ ter bodies and water-conducting channels；the mine transient electromagnetic method was used to conduct detailed detection around the underground tunnels；the seismic wave method was used to identify the loos⁃ ening zones and boundaries of the void areas. The results show that 15 mined-out areas are delineated in the II，III，and VI mining sections，with a total area of 75 000 m2 . Among them，the seismic wave detec⁃ tion of one mined-out area shows no obvious physical properties，and no water accumulation is found in the mined-out area. On the roof of the F11 fault，F17 fault，and ZK5301 drilling hole detection areas，lo⁃cal low-resistance anomalies are observed. The study confirms the effectiveness of the comprehensive geo⁃ physical exploration methods in the comprehensive survey of concealed disaster-causing factors in gently inclined phosphate mines，and the technical combination and working mode can provide references for di⁃ saster warning and safety prevention in similar mines.
    Return Water Purification Test of Slag Separation Production in Guixi Smelter
    WU Bo MO Wenlyu JIANG Zhiguang WU Shuxiang OUYANG Liaoyuan
    2026, 42(09):  245-249. 
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    In Guixi Smelter of Jiangxi Copper Company Limited，in order to solve the adverse effects of solid suspended solids in the production return water of the beneficiation workshop on production and equipment，based on the precision filtration technology，the purification test of the return water is carried out.Based on the analysis of the basic characteristics of suspended solids in return water，four kinds of fil⁃ tration accuracy of 1，3，5 and 10 μm are compared in parallel. The attenuation law of filtration flux， backwash regeneration ability and visual clarity of filtered water are emphatically investigated.The experi⁃ mental results show that the flux changes of 1，3，5 μm filter cartridge show good regularity. After back⁃ washing，the flux is restored to be stable，and the filtered water is clear and bright. Considering the factors of filtration efficiency and long-term operation economy，3 μm precision is the optimal pore size for the treatment of the slag selection return water，which can provide engineering reference for the short process purification of similar low concentration slurry return water.
    Study on Effect of High Efficiency Dispersion Technology on Efficiency of Oily Agents in a Concentrator
    LI Xiaofeng QIU Youjie DAI Zhifei WEI Pingping WANG Jingang
    2026, 42(09):  250-254. 
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    In order to improve the dispersion performance of mineral processing agents，aiming at the problem that oily agents are difficult to dissolve in flotation，a mineral processing plant in Dexing is taken as an example. By studying the dispersion and agglomeration behavior of oily agents in aqueous sol⁃ vents，an on-line rapid and efficient dispersion technology suitable for industrial production is explored. The dispersion performance of oily agents in aqueous solvents is studied from three aspects of temperature， pH and dispersion strength.The results show that the temperature and pH can not make the oily agent and water-based solvent fully mixed. Ultrasonic cavitation technology and liquid multiple shift recombination technology can mix the oily agent and water into a white“oil-in-water”emulsion in a short time. Through Fourier transform infrared analysis，it is found that ultrasonic cavitation technology and liquid phase multi⁃ ple displacement recombination technology will not change the chemical properties of the agent and will not change the effect of the agent. According to the analysis results of laser particle size analyzer，ultrason⁃ ic cavitation technology and liquid phase multiple displacement recombination technology can quickly dis⁃ perse oily agents into micron-sized droplets in water.The open-closed-circuit simulation test shows that af⁃ ter emulsification and dispersion of collector Mac-12，its collecting ability and foaming ability are en⁃ hanced，the amount of collector is redued to a certain extent，The rapid and efficient dispersion technology of reagent has low cost，high benefit，convenient transformation and wide application range，which has high application value.