Abstract: Under complex geological conditions，the deformation of the surrounding rock in roadways is a significant challenge that restricts the safe production of coal mines. Taking Shanyang Coal Mine as the engineering background，this paper explores the deformation mechanism of the surrounding rock in road⁃ ways under the conditions of "three soft" coal seams and composite sandstone roof，aiming to improve the surrounding rock control technology of roadways. Field tests are conducted to continuously monitor the loos⁃ ening zone of the surrounding rock，the approach of the roof and floor，and the two sides of the roadway. Based on the overall situation of the three measurement stations，the maximum loosening range of the roof reached 3.42 m，the maximum loosening range of the two sides is 2.94 m，and the maximum loosening range at the shoulder angle reached 3.56 m，revealing the main influence range and deformation law of the sur⁃ rounding rock. According to the deformation characteristics of the roadway，the structural design of the origi⁃ nal support scheme of the roadway is optimized. Through numerical simulation studies，the deformation of the stress zone and plastic zone under the original support and optimized support conditions is compared and analyzed. The research results show that the optimized support method can effectively control the deforma⁃ tion of the roadway，providing a reference for the control technology of roadways.

Key words: "three soft"coal seams, composite roof, roadway support, numerical simulation