Abstract: To study the deformation and failure characteristics of phosphorous dolomite stratum in the process of mineral mining，uniaxial compression mechanical tests were carried out on Phosphorous dolo⁃ mite with different water content in laboratory，and the internal damage mechanism of rock deformation and failure was deeply analyzed through acoustic emission test. The study found that : ①During the deformation and failure process of phosphorus-containing dolomite，the release of acoustic emission signal is mainly concentrated in the pre-peak failure stage，while the signal is not active in the compaction and elastic stage. ②As the water content of the rock increases，the compressive strength of the phosphorus-containing dolomite continues to decay，and the acoustic emission signal intensity gradually weakens. The research re⁃ sults provide some data support for phosphate mining in China.

Key words: phosphorus mine, phosphoric dolomite, mechanical test, acoustic emission test